Government Chapter 3 Test Review
__________________ was heard from some 20,000 protesters, many of them women, in October of 1932 as they demanded repeal of the 18th Amendment
"We want beer"
The ____ Amendment protects against unreasonable searches and seizures
4th
The _____ Amendment protects against excessive bail, excessive fines, and cruel and unusual punishment.
8th
Before it could take effect, the Constitution had to be ratified by __________ states.
9 (but in this case, it actually took 11 states, due to the size of Virginia and New York.)
Including the Bill of Rights, __________ amendments have been added to the Constitution.
27
In the Declaration of Independence, Thomas Jefferson's statement that "all men are created equal" is similar to which theorist's belief that government is based on the "consent of the governed"?
John Locke
The key principle argued in the case Marbury v. Madison was
Judicial review
The first fighting in the American Revolution happened in ________, in early 1775.
Lexington & Concord, Massachusetts
Amendments to the constitution may be proposed by two-thirds votes in both the House and the Senate or by a
Convention of states
Under the Constitution, the slave trade
Could be ended after 20 years
A major event that led to a greater British taxation of American colonies was
French and Indian war happened before the taxes started, but the Boston Tea Party was a big revolt to the taxes
The Federalist Papers were drafted by
Madison, Hamilton, and Jay
The Supreme Court first declared that the courts have the power to overturn government acts that conflict with the Constitution in
Marbury v. Madison
The chief foal of the drafters of the Articles of Confederation was to
Protect states' rights
Which state legislature sent no delegates to the Constitutional Convention?
Rhode Island
The assignment in the Constitution of lawmaking, law-enforcing, and law-interpreting functions to the legislative, executive, and judicial branches respectively is known as
Separation of Powers
The notion that governmental authority springs from the consent of the governed is derived from
Social Contract theory
After the Constitution was amended to permit the federal government to levy a progressive income tax, government could more effectively further the goal of
Social equality
Among the most undemocratic features of the U.S. Constitution is the
State equality vote
Which document proclaimed, "Each state retains its sovereignty, freedom, and independence, and every power, jurisdiction, and right, which is now... expressly delegated to the United States"?
The Articles of Confederation
The chief obstacle to ratification of the Constitution by the states was
the omission of a Bill of RIghts
The main positive result of the Annapolis Convention was
call for a larger meeting of the states, with a broader mission
The power of the president to veto the laws is an example of
checks and balances
Under separation of powers, the U.S. system keeps power among branches balanced by enabling one branch to counter the actions of another by the use of
checks and balances
The original draft of the Declaration of Independence
condemned the king's support of the slave trade
The framers of the Constitution intended ____________ to be the strongest branch(es) of government
congress
A constitutional clause that allows for a broad interpretation of implied powers is known as a(n) ______________ clause.
elastic
Article I, Section 8 of the Constitution articulates the principle of _______________ granting Congress limited powers
enumerated powers
The constitutional amendment process requires
extraordinary majorities
Shay's Rebellion consisted of
farmers trying to prevent foreclosure on their property for debts and taxes owed
After the failure of the Articles of Confederation, the founders adopted a ________ form of government, strong enough to maintain order but not to dominate the states.
federal
Unless they are impeached, federal judges serve
for life
The power of Congress to charter a bank is an example of what type of power?
implied
A republic is a government
in which a state is ruled by representatives of the citizen body
The text of the Constitution deals with slavery by
labeling them as "all other persons" (not naming them directly)
One similarity between the Virginia Plan and the New Jersey Plan was that both plans
left unspecified how many people might compromise the executive
The chief objective of the First Continental Congress was to
petition England for their rights; Right to "life, liberty, and property;" Trial by jury; peaceable assembly; Consideration of their grievances and for rights they had been denied
The three-fifths compromise resolved the issue of
representation in the electoral college
According to the New Jersey Plan, how was representation to be structured in Congress?
There would be 1 house, & all states would have equal representation in it.
Originally, the Constitutional Convention's purpose was to
revise the Articles of Confederation
The daughters of liberty opposed the British rule by
They wove cloth to replace boycotted British goods
The plan presented at the Constitutional Convention generally favored by large states was
Virginia Plan
The original procedure for selecting the vice president, under the electoral college, was
the candidate with the next-greatest number of votes
Historian Jack Rakove argues that in the Declaration of Independence, Thomas Jefferson was arguing for
the collective right of revolution and self-government
The main argument against the need for a Bill of Rights was that
the constitution established a government of limited powers; because the government was not given the power to regulate individual liberties, no Bill of Rights was necessary.
The American Revolution effectively ended with the surrender of Cornwall and his army at
Yorktown in 1781.
The Great Compromise provided for
a 2 chamber legislature with equal rep for states in 1 chamber & population based representation in the other
A confederation can best be describe as
a loose association of independent states
Antifederalists attacked the proposed Constitution on the grounds that
the national government it created was too strong
According to Madison in Federalist No. 10, the most common and durable source of factions has been
unequal distribution of property.
Article VI of the constitution contains provisions establishing
the supremacy clause & the no religious test clause
The primary contribution of the Federalist Paper is
their insight into the reasons for constitutional provisions
The Articles of Confederation failed because
they did not provide effective ways for the government to raise money, they did not include an independent leader to direct the government, & they didn't give the government power to regulate commerce
The ________ guaranteed citizenship to all persons, including blacks
14th Amendment
An estimated ___________ American colonists remained loyal to the British Crown.
1 in 5
The _____________ guarantees that citizens' right to vote cannot be denied "on account of sex."
19th Amendment
The Bill of Rights consists of the first ____ amendments to the Constitution
10
Which amendment does the text categorize as "disastrous?"
18th
Article I of the Constitution refers to the
Congresses powers & limits
Supporters of the Constitution named themselves
Federalists
Which of the following is not one of the political principles relied on by the founders?
One person, one vote
Which document proclaimed, "We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable rights"?
The Declaration of Independence
Which of the following is NOT a power granted to the president under the Constitution?
The President has the power to declare war, veto laws, serve as commander in chief to the armed forces, appoint federal judges, enact legislation by issuing decrees.
One result of the Second Continental Congress was
The adoption of the Declaration of Independence
When compared to the U.S. Constitution, most American state constitutions
are longer and more detailed
Shay's Rebellion was ultimately defeated by
the Massachusetts militia
According to John Locke, all legitimate political authority exists to preserve
these natural rights and is based on the consent of those who are governed.
Federalist No. 10 and Federalist No. 51 each argue, from different angles, that the constitution combats
tyrrany
To amend the Articles of Confederation required a(n)
unanimous vote of all states