Government Chapter 5

Which of the following women were vice presidential candidates for a major U.S. political party

Sarah Palin Geraldine Ferraro

Match the following accordingly:

14th Amendment - Prohibits discrimination by government but not by private parties Civil Rights Act o 1964 - barred racial discrimination in public accommodations and private employment

In which year did the Supreme Court rule that force busing violated students's constitutional right to equal protection under the law

2007

Of the 500 largest United States corporations, less than ____ are headed by women?

5%

According to recent statistics about __% of African American children will grow up in a single parent household.

50

Despite the court's ruling in Brown v. Board of Education in 1954, by the 1970s, ____ of black children were still attending schools that were mostly or entirely black.

95%

Among the laws giving women greater equality in the workplace were laws prohibiting

An employer from paying women less than men for doing the same job.

Which groups have historically lacked equality?

Asian Americans Women Catholics

In the case of Shelby v. Holder, the majority held that the formula to identify states and counties subject to federal oversight was

Based on obsolete statistics

The landmark case of Lau v. Nichols (1974) resulted in many states offering _____ education in their schools

Bilingual

Native Americans were not considered to be ____ until 1924

Citizens

Which term refers to the rights and privileges guaranteed to all citizens under the equal protection and due process clauses of the Fifth and Fourteenth Amendment?

Civil rights

The type of discrimination in which traditionally disadvantaged groups have fewer opportunities because of prejudice despite legal protection is

De facto discrimination

Serving the United States in the fight against Nazism in World War II led African American soldiers to

Demand their civil rights

Which practices were banned as a result of the Civil Rights Act of 1968?

Discriminatory real estate practices such as steering African American families to certain neighborhoods Discriminatory practices in housing Discriminatory practices in mortgage lending

Affirmative action polices have been used by ____ to expand opportunities for women and minority group members.

Educational institutions Employers

Which proposed amendment of the Constitution was passed by the Congress in 1971, but failed to receive the necessary three-fourths majority?

Equal rights amendment

Although many Americans believe that the concept of ____ includes such things as access to jobs and health care, others argue that it means only that people are all treated the same under the law.

Equality

In order to ensure equal employment opportunity for all, the federal government required agencies and businesses to

Establish policies that aimed at minority-group members getting equal opportunities to obtain jobs

According to today's statistics, Asian Americans are under represented in which of the following areas?

Holding high-level political office Holding the top position in corporations

In 1974, Congress passed a law, the ____, that grants Native Americans constitutional rights similar to those held by other Americans.

Indian Bill of Rights

In general, the Supreme Court has held that gender discrimination in law

Is almost always unconstitutional

Since the 1950s how has the government responded to demands for equal rights for Americans?

It passed a series of laws that secured fundamental rights for African Americans

Which of the following statements about the Americans with Disabilities Act is true?

It required government agencies to take steps to making their buildings more accessible to persons with disabilities It grants certain employment protections to person with disabilities

Which 2003 Supreme Court decision overturned an earlier case in which it had upheld Georgia's anti-sodomy law?

Lawrence v. Texas

The Supreme Court has stated that in order for an affirmative action program to be upheld as a constitution, the program must be

Narrowly tailored

Which Constitutional Amendment granted women the right to vote?

Nineteenth Amendment

Which legal test gives the government considerable leeway in treating people differently, such as imposing a higher tax rate on upper-income Americans?

Reasonable basis test

At one time, banks engaged in a practice called ____, refusing to grant mortgage loans to people who lived in certain neighborhoods, especially those neighborhoods with large black populations.

Redlining

Which landmark Supreme Court case declared affirmative action constitutional but invalidated the use of racial quotas

Regents of the University of California v. Bakke

Which if the following best exemplifies the profound impact of the Civil Rights movement

Removing discriminating in voting requirements

In a 1947, the Supreme court ruled that because they had no law school of black students, University of Oklahoma was ____ to admit Ada Sipuel to its law school.

Required

In the Plessy v. Ferguson, the Supreme Court declared that ____ but equal facilities do not violate the Fourteenth Amendment's equal protection clause.

Separate

Which of the following tactics were used by Martin Luther King Jr. in his leadership of the Civil Rights Movement?

Sit-ins Boycotts Marches in non-violent protest

Following the Supreme Court's ruling in Brown v. Board of Education a number of southern congressmen wrote a letter titled ____ _______urging state governments to "resist forced integration by any lawful means."

Southern Manifesto

Which if the following is an ongoing struggle between the states government and Native American tribal governments?

States want to control casino gambling on Native American reservations.

True or False: Following the passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, many restaurants, hotels, and other establishments refused to serve black people

TRUE

Which clause of the Constitution was at the center of the argument in Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka?

The equal protection clause

Which is an accurate representation of the Hispanic population in the United States?

Their numbers have more than doubled in the past twenty years The majority are immigrants from Mexico and the Caribbean Islands.

In which case did the Supreme court rule that the male only admissions policy at the Virginia Military Instituti.on was unconstitutional?

United States v. Virginia

In 1892, Congress suspended Asian immigration to the United States on the ground that Asians:

Were an inferior people

Southern states used a number of devices to prevent African Americans from voting, including:

White-only primaries Poll taxes Rigged literacy tests

Despite the persisting issues of racism, African Americans have made gains in

Winning elective office

True or False: Unequal representation is no longer a civil rights issue that is universal among all minority groups?

False

True or false: In the case of Shuette v. Coalition to defend Affirmative Action, the Supreme Court overturned a Michigan law that barred public funded college from granting "preferential treatment to any individual on the basis of race, sex, color, or ethnicity"?

False

What was the first result of the national boycott of California lettuce and grapes that was launched by Cesar Chavez?

California passed a law giving immigrant workers the right to bargain collectively.