Government Exam 1

Problems with establishing democracy in Iraq are, according to the text, chiefly a function of the fact that​

"There is no meaningful Iraqi identity."

A survey of House members during a nonelection year showed that most lawmakers made an average of _________ trips back to his or her district each year.

40

About how many requests for review does the U.S. Supreme Court receive each year?

9,000

Which metaphor best describes cooperative federalism?

A marble cake

Which president asked, after being challenged on his aggressive expansion of presidential power, "Was it possible to lose the nation and yet preserve the Constitution?"

Abraham Lincoln

The current justice most likely to cast the "deciding vote" in a 5-4 split Supreme Court case is

Anthony Kennedy.

The Supreme Court case Lawrence and Garner v. Texas overturned the previous decision of

Bowers v. Hardwick.

Why do most democracies give power to representatives rather than directly to citizens?

Bringing large numbers of citizens together for discussions and votes is difficult, decisions may require

The Department of ________ is the largest government department in terms of number of employees.

Defense

The amendment permitting black American men to vote is the

Fifteenth Amendment

The __________ has been construed to provide protection for the individual from the actions of a repressive state government.

Fourteenth Amendment

The _________ Amendment protects against unreasonable searches and seizures

Fourth

_____________ was the fist case to establish that the Bill of Rights would be applied more broadly than the Supreme Court initially held.

Gitlow v. New York

A president can be impeached by the _________ and tried and removed from office by the __________.

House; Senate

In the Declaration of Independence, Thomas Jefferson's statement that "all men are created equal" is similar to which theorist's belief that government is based on the "consent of the governed"?

John Locke

Which justice famously wrote in the Marbury v. Madison decision, "It is emphatically the province and duty of the judicial department to say what the law is"?

John Marshall

Using the state to redistribute income is a policy based on​

Karl Marx

Which of the following philosophers is usually associated with socialism?

Karl Marx

Let the end be legitimate, let it be within the scope of the constitution, and all means which are appropriate" is part of the broad Supreme Court interpretation of the elastic clause in the case of

McCulloch v. Maryland.

The _____________ is a group of advisers who help the president mold a coherent approach to foreign policy

National Security Council

The __________ Amendment states, "The enumeration in the Constitution of certain rights shall not be construed to deny or disparage others retained by the people."

Ninth

_______________ is a Supreme Court justice's most critical function.

Opinion writing

Which of the following best describes the concept of civil rights?

Powers and privileges guaranteed to individuals and protected against arbitrary withdrawal by the government or individuals

_________ theory prescribes that a group should decide to do what the majority of its participant wants to do.​

Procedural

The __________ pressed for legislation requiring cost estimates and analysis of the impact of agency regulations.

Republicans

__________ made important strides in foreign relations, completing an important arms control agreement with the Soviet Union and beginning negotiations with China, a country with which the United States had no formal prior diplomatic relations.

Richard Nixon

Which document proclaimed, "Each state retains its sovereignty, freedom, and independence, and every power, jurisdiction, and right, which is not ... expressly delegated to the United States"?

The Articles of Confederation

Which of the following statements concerning Brown v. Board of Education is not correct

The Court decision was 8-1, with one dissenting opinion by Chief Justice Fred Vinson

A popular election is the primary mechanism for democratic government in which model?

The majoritarian model

According to the New Jersey Plan, how was representation to be structured in Congress

There would be one house, and all states would have equal representation in it.

The __________ Amendment provides that "Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude...shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction."

Thirteenth

Which political philosopher expressed the sentiment that life in a state of nature would be "solitary, poor, nasty, brutish, and short?"

Thomas Hobbes

_________ requires foreigners who are not citizens living in the United States to register with the government and carry their registration papers.

U.S. Law

Presidential appointees in the executive branch fill the top policymaking positions in government, and some 1000 of them require

U.S. Senate confirmation.

The main positive result of the Annapolis Convention was

a call for a larger meeting of the states, with a broader mission.

In 2003, the Supreme Court revisited the use of affirmative action by the University of Michigan and ruled that

a school's interest in diversity permitted the use of race as one factor in university admissions, as long as all applicants were judged individually on their merits.

A purchasing or contracting provision that reserves a certain percentage of funds for minority-owned contractors is best defined as

a set-aside

The Supreme Court's original jurisdiction extends to cases involving

ambassadors.

Real ID, a federally mandated program that imposes security standards for states to issue driver's licenses, is an example of

an unfunded mandate.

In his 2014 State of the Union address, President Obama proposed that the minimum wage

be raised to $10.10.

In the years after the Civil War, former slave states enacted ____________, attempting to restrict the freedoms of blacks.​

black codes

A large, complex organization in which employees have specific job responsibilities and work within a hierarchy of authority is a(n)

bureaucracy

Supreme Court review is granted to a case

by the permission of any four justices.

The text suggests that in today's environment, minority identification on a law school application​

can be seen as a positive benefit.

The vice president

can break tie votes in the Senate.

The ___________ gives Congress the power to regulate commerce among the states.​

commerce clause

The text suggests that the Supreme Court's decision in Bush v. Gore provides evidence for the proposition that

conservative justices can be judicial activists

The airline industry claimed that the new Department of Transportation rules limiting passenger tarmac waits on a plane would

create longer delays

In recent years, morale of government employees has

declined, in part because of congressional budget actions.

Federal law that _____________ was struck down by the 2013 Supreme Court decision in United States v. Windsor.

denied federal benefits to same-sex couples

The Great Depression represented a shift away from __________ and toward __________.

dual federalism; cooperative federalism

A constitutional clause that allows for a broad interpretation of implied powers is known as a(n) __________ clause

elastic

An important issue on which Vice President Joe Biden influenced President Obama in a positive direction was

embracing marriage equality.

The Civil Rights Act of 1964 established the right to nondiscrimination in public accommodations and __________________.​

employment opportunity

The vast majority of recent preemptions have focused on

environmental protection and homeland security.

If universities increase funding for women's sports so that they receive comparable funding to men's, that is an example of

equality of outcome

Sweatt v. Painter, the Supreme Court​

failed to revisit the Plessy-era separate-but-equal doctrine

Supreme Court oral arguments are typically conducted

from October through April

A power not specifically mentioned in the Constitution but necessary if another specific grant of power is to be carried out is called a(n) _________ power.

implied

The Americans with Disabilities Act

includes deliberately vague language as to what constitutes a disability.

The CIA is a good example of a federal

independent agency

An organized group that seeks to influence government policy is called a(n)

interest group.

​A president's reelection to a second term

is typically due to ​fundamentals, such as state of the economy and whether the country is at war.

The most important obstacle to the adoption of the Constitution by the states was

it did not contain a bill of rights.

One of the weaknesses of the procedural model of democracy is that

it permits policies that violate standards of substantive democracy.

A president can appoint about three thousand people to jobs in their administration, which represents __________ of all executive branch employees.

less than 1 percent

An American, who supports the creation of election districts that are likely to vote for minority candidates for public office and wants more restrictions on business owners' hiring decisions, is likely to be a

liberal.

One important reason the president needs to work hard to unify his party is the ____________, which has become much more pronounced recently.​

loss of the moderate middle in Congress

Cohesive political parties with well-defined programs contribute to the

majoritarian model of democracy

The most powerful person in the Senate is the

majority leader

Meetings in which legislation is debated and amended are called _________ sessions.

markup

The civil service was created after President Garfield was assassinated by a(n)

mentally unbalanced job seeker.

The text of the Constitution deals with slavery by

not mentioning it directly.

The phrase "divided government" refers to

one party controlling the presidency and another controlling Congress

In 2011, the state of Ohio approved an initiative to

overturn a law that had weakened unions

The idea that the courts are a policymaking branch of government and that the individual values and interests of judges should reflect the different values and interests of the population at large is most consistent with

pluralist democracy

A citizen, interest group member, or public official who champions a particular policy idea is called a​

policy entrepreneur

According to the ____________ view of democracy, anti-gay marriage laws are democratic.​

procedural

The chief goal of the drafters of the Articles of Confederation was to​

protect states' rights.

The minority counterpart to a committee chairperson is called a

ranking minority member.

A whip is a member of the legislature who _____________.​

rounds up votes for legislation

In Near v. Minnesota, the Supreme Court

ruled that prior restraint almost always places an unacceptable burden on a free press

Federal appellate courts review and can overturn

rulings made and procedures followed by the lower federal courts and administrative agencies.

The larger governmental departments tend to focus on the nation's

security

The so-called "supercommittee" created in 2011 to issue recommendations for reducing the deficit, which included members from both the House and Senate, is an example of a(n)

select committee.

Agreement among substantive theorists breaks down when the discussion moves from civil rights to

social rights and economic rights.

President Lyndon Johnson considered civil rights legislation​

something that the legislature should work on, and not the president

The House Judiciary Committee and the Senate Foreign Relations Committee are examples of

standing committees.

The judicial principle of tending to honor precedents in similar cases is known as__________

stare decisis

One significant difficulty with the initial No Child Left Behind law was that

states were allowed to set their own standards for what constituted acceptable student performance.

Suppose a majority of Congress passes a law to permit organized prayer in public schools and the Supreme Court declares that the Constitution forbids this rule; this would be an example of

substantive democracy.

The Bill of Rights is at the core of our

substantive theories of democracy.

In Griswold v. Connecticut , the Court struck down a state law

that made the use of birth control devices a crime.

The 113th Congress is considered by some to be ___________, compared to the general population.

the most diverse in history

The ancient Greeks classified governments as autocracies, oligarchies, or democracies based on

the number of citizens involved in governing.

The Supreme Court decision United States v. Leon established the good faith exception which allowed

the state to introduce evidence at trial if that evidence was seized on the basis of a mistakenly issued search warrant.

It takes a _________ vote of Congress to overturn a presidential veto.

two-thirds

The concept that everyone in a democracy should participate in governmental decision making is ​

universal participation

Through 2013, Barack Obama

vetoed two bills.

According to Alexander Hamilton in Federalist No. 78, the power of judicial review

was an essential barrier to legislative oppression