Government Final Review

Iraq, Iran, and North Korea

) In 2002, President George W. Bush labeled ________ "the axis of evil." 90) ______ A) Ethiopia, Somalia, and Libya B) Saudi Arabia, Syria, and Jordan C) Russia, China, and North Korea D) Iraq, Iran, and North Korea E) Cuba, China, and Vietnam

All of these Answers are correct

) Supply-side economics, as implemented by the Reagan and Bush administrations, involved 82) ______ A) stressing the importance of tax cuts for businesses. B) an increase in the size of the national debt. C) the supply component of the supply-demand equation. D) stressing the importance of tax cuts for the wealthy. E) All of these answers are correct.

Evidence obtained illegally is inadmissible in court

) The exclusionary rule states that 28) ______ A. the laws of one state court cannot be applied in the courts of another state. B. federal law cannot be applied in state courts.= C. state law cannot be applied in federal courts. D. after seven years, the statute of limitations applies, except in murder cases. E. evidence obtained illegally is inadmissible in court.

Among adults twenty-one years of age and older, roughly one in four is a college graduate.

) Which of the following is an accurate description of the prevalence of college education in the United States? A. Every U.S. state has at least twenty colleges or universities within its borders. B).Although the U.S. has a lower number of colleges and universities per capita than Europe, it has a much higher rate of college graduation per capita. C. Among adults twenty-one years of age and older, roughly half are college graduates. D. Despite having a much higher rate of colleges and universities per capita than European countries; the U.S. has a lower rate of college graduation per capita. E. Among adults twenty-one years of age and older, roughly one in four is a college graduate.

attempts to stay close enough to public opinion so as to avoid outright defiance of its decisions.

80) With regard to public opinion, the Supreme Court 80) ______ A) attempts to stay close enough to public opinion so as to avoid outright defiance of its decisions. B) attempts to follow it very closely in order to create public enthusiasm for its rulings. C) remains uninformed about it because justices stay on the bench for life and never face the public scrutiny of an election. D) ignores it in order to make decisions that are based on enduring values rather than the public's passing whims. E) None of these answers is correct.

An ideology

A General Belief about the role and purpose of government is called ___. A. Conservatism B. An Ideology C. Politicization D. Socialization E. None of these answers are correct

Three

A Properly drawn sample of one thousand individuals has a sampling error of roughly plan or minus ____ Percent. A. One B. Ten C. Three D. Eight E. Five

A request to a lower court to submit to the supreme court a record of the case it has been requested to hear

A writ of certiorari is A) a statement from a group not directly involved in a Supreme Court case, indicating the group's opinion on the legal issue at hand. B) a request to a lower court to submit to the Supreme Court a record of the case it has been requested to hear. C) the statement explaining the reasoning behind a Supreme Court decision. D) an application for a waiver of court fees due to indigence. E) the official transcript of Supreme Court proceedings.

stronger environmental regulations

According to a recent Pew Research Center poll, young adults are substantially more likely than senior citizens to support 105) _____ A) the use of military force. B) affirmative action. C) strengthening social security. D) religious teaching in public schools. E) stronger environmental regulations.

eventual encroachment upon the sovereignty of the states.

According to the Anti-Federalists, too strong of a national government meant 22) ______ A. that a new constitutional convention would have to convene every few years. B. that slavery would be abolished immediately. C. that effective commerce between and among the states was an impossibility. D. eventual encroachment upon the sovereignty of the states. E. that a monarchy was preferable to a republic.

Public officals can regulate the time, place, and conditions of public assembly, provided the regulations are reasonable.

According to the Supreme Court, which is true regarding freedom of assembly? 102) _____ A) Individuals have the right to hold a public rally in the middle of a busy intersection at a time of their choosing. B) Public officials can prohibit assembly by unpopular groups. C) Freedom of assembly is an absolute right, because it is in the First Amendment. D) Individuals have the right to command immediate access to a public auditorium. E) Public officials can regulate the time, place, and conditions of public assembly, provided the regulations are reasonable.

United States

According to the freedom House, which of the following countries has the highest degree of freedom? A. United States B. Russia C. Japan D. Mexico E. Guatemala

The Government can clearly justify the restiction

According to the supreme court, prior restraint on the press is only acceptable if ___ A. The press itself willingly accepts the restraint B. The press is careless in its claims C. Lower federal Courts approve the action D. The government can clearly justify the restriction E. The press is malicious in its intent.

Sharp Policy differences between major parties

All of the following tend to decrease voter turnout Except ____ A. Alienation B. Sharp policy differences between major parties C. An individualistic culture D. Frequent elections E. Lack of interest in politics.

New York

All of the following use top-two primaries EXCEPT A. California B. Louisiana C. Washington D. New York E. Nebraska

Members of congress only

Bills are formally introduced in congress by A. Executive agencies B. Interest Groups C. Members of congress only D. The supreme court E. All of these answers are correct

their members receive no direct economic benefit from attainment of the groups goals

Citizens' interest groups are distinguished from economic interest groups by the fact that 112) _____ eir members receive no direct economic benefit from attainment of the group's goals. B) they always pursue goals in which there is a high level of agreement among society members. C) they do not lobby government officials directly, but rely instead on public service announcements to get their views across to society. D) their leaders are elected by secret ballot among the group's members. E) All of these answers are correct.

Much less likely to vote in elections

Compared with U.S. citizens of higher incomes, those of lower incomes are 107) _____ A) much less likely to vote in elections. B) much less likely to vote in elections—a pattern that is also true in European democracies. C) about equally likely to vote in elections. D) much more likely to vote in elections. E) None of these answers is correct.

Constituency service and public relations

Congressional staffers spend most of their time on ___ A. Legislative matters B. Legislative matters and constituency services C. Public relations D. Constituency service and legislative matters E. Constituency service and public relations

Increased Governmnet spending

Democrats in Washington have usually responded to high levels of unemployment with 83) ______ A) increased government spending. B) decreased government regulation. C) increased government taxes. D) reduced government spending. E) decreased government taxes.

It was clear that the states would be unable to help

During the Great Depression, Americans turned to the federal government when 100) _____ A) it was clear that the states would be unable to help. B) President Roosevelt lost the election. C) the Supreme Court overturned the state's right to regulate commerce. D) the States refused to do anything. E) the federal government switched parties.

All these answers are correct

Early American's preference for limited government was strengthened by ____ A. Britian's treatment of the colonies after the French and Indian war B. Lockean Philosophy C. Their exposure to life under the british Parliament and some of the "rights of the Englishmen" D. All these answers are correct E. Taxation without representation

large corporations

Enormous concentrations of wealth and power exist in the U.S. private sector, primarily in the hands of 92) ______ A) elite political families such as the Kennedys and the Bushes. B) large corporations. C) small businesses. D) middle class Americans. E) the largest labor unions.

De Facto

Equality of result policies are primarily directed at _____ discriminatory effects. A. Gender B. Due process C. Religion D. De Jure E. De Facto

War by other means

French philosopher Michel Foucault referred to politics as "________." 93) ______ A) a means to an end B) a necessary evil C) like making sausage D) the burden of citizens E) war by other means

Minimum-wage law

Government benefits for business include all of the following EXCEPT 84) ______ A) a national transportation system. B) corporate tax breaks. C) low-interest loans and government-guaranteed loans. D) a national education system. E) minimum-wage laws.

pressure from constituents

Grassroots lobbying is based on the assumption that officials will respond to A. Moral Pleas B. Well-reasoned Political Arguments C. The opportunity for extensive media publicity D. The efforts of party organizations E. Pressure from consituents.

comply with federal restrictions on its use

If a state accepts a federal grant-in-aid, it must ______ A. reduce its income tax rates to adjust for the increased income. B. match the funds with twice that amount in state funds. C. reimburse the federal government after a specified period. D. comply with federal restrictions on its use. E. None of these answers is correct.

Ross Perot

In 1992, ________ won 19 percent of the popular vote in the presidential election. 109) _____ A) Ralph Nader B) Pat Buchanan C) Bill Clinton D) George H. W. Bush E) Ross Perot

Massachusetts

In 2004, by order of the state's Supreme Court, ________ instituted same-sex marriage. 103) _____ A) Massachusetts B) Vermont C) Texas D) Alabama E) California

deprived students of their fourteenth amendment right to equal protection

In 2007 the Supreme Court ruled that the pursuit of racial integration in public schools through busing 104) _____ A) was a practice that should be left to state governments to adopt or reject. B) was a permanent solution to an intractable problem. C) was as necessary to ensure racial justice as was the ending of de facto segregation in 1954. D) deprived students of their Fourteenth Amendment right to equal protection. E) should be enacted and monitored by the federal government to ensure full compliance

Illustrated that it is a political body

In Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission, the Supreme Court 120) _____ A) illustrated that it is a political body. B) nullified the power of the Federal Election Commission to monitor campaign spending. C) issued a decision that led to a decrease in political spending in campaigns. D) upheld the 2002 Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act. E) ruled that corporations cannot legally be considered persons.

A solid understanding of Public Affairs

In a Survey of college students, the intercollegiate studies association found that the best preditor of a student's later participation in the nation's civic and political life is ____. A. A solid understanding of public affairs B. Participation in student government C. Participation in Greek Life D. Attending a school with a residential campus versus a "commiter" campus. E. A college degree

six

In an average election, about 1 in _____ House seats is truly competitive election. A. two B. Six C. three D. Five E. Four

Vote in national Elections

In comparison with citizens in Western European Democracies, Americans are LESS likely to ____ A. Join an Interest Group B. Vote in national Elections C. Actively work in an election campaign D. Participate in community activities. E. All these answers are correct

The constitution's elaborate systems of power and representation were designed to protect the interests of the rich

In his criticism of the Constitution, the economist Charles Beard argued that 95) ______ A) the Constitution did not provide for sufficient protection of property. B) the Constitution gave too much power to the illiterate. C) the Constitution's commerce clause was inadequate to meet the nation's economic needs. D) the Constitution failed to protect the economic interests of the poorer states. E) the Constitution's elaborate systems of power and representation were designed to protect the interests of the rich.

States can pass laws that ban affirmative action at public education institutions.

In its 2014 Schuette v. Coalition to Defend Affirmative Action decision, the Supreme Court ruled that ______ A. states must follow the same affirmative action guidelines as the federal government does. B. states can pass laws that ban affirmative action at public education institutions. C. affirmative action is a form of reverse discrimination and is therefore unconstitutional. D. taking race into account when deciding who to admit to college is unconstitutional. E. the United States Congress can pass affirmative action laws that are binding on both public institutions and private businesses.

The president's party usually loses seats

In midterm elections, 116) _____ A) half the House is up for reelection. B) voters are more likely to have weaker ties to political parties. C) voter turnout is substantially higher than in presidential elections. D) the president's party usually loses seats. E) All of these answers are c

office of management and budget

In terms of holding the bureaucracy accountable, the MOST important unit within the Executive Office of the President is the ______ A. Council of Economic Advisors. B. Office of Policy Development. C. Office of the Vice President. D. Office of Management and Budget. E. White House Office.

First explicitly applied the strict scrutiny test

In the 1967 decision of Loving v. Virginia, the Supreme Court ______ A. held that interracial marriage did not have constitutional protection. B. countered judicial reasoning it had used thirteen years earlier in its Brown decision. C. first explicitly applied the strict scrutiny test. D. ruled that Virginia could restrict marriage between adults. E. All these answers are correct.

Individual

In the United States, the primary responsibility for registration of the individual voter rests with the ______. A. Federal Government B. Individual C. Employer D. Local courts E. State and Local Governments

Remained lower than in nearly every other democracy

In the twenty-first century, voting rates in the United States have A. Remained lower than in nearly every other democracy B. Demonstrated that the apathy of young citizens have worsened considerably since the early 1990s. C. Shown little difference from those of the late twentieth century. D. Increased in all elections. E. Decline in all elections

The extent to which private transactions determine the allocation of economic costs and benefits

In which of the following ways is the U.S. free-market system distinct from European economies? A. the extent to which private transactions determine the allocation of economic costs and benefits B. its lack of intervention through spending policies C. its lack of intervention through taxation D. the extent to which it exercises regulatory intervention by altering interest rates E. its lack of regulatory intervention

Effective government cannot be run by politicians that base their public opinions on poll results.

Journalist Walter Lippmann suggested that____ A. the dominance of polling has brought about an ideological shift toward the more radical ends of the political spectrum among elected representatives. B. pollsters have had more effect on the outcome of presidential elections in recent decades than have the people who do the voting. C. polling had provided political parties with even more entrenched power, reducing the influence of third party candidates. D. effective government cannot be run by politicians that base their public opinions on poll results. E. polling, even when done scientifically, cannot be trusted because it is in people's nature to be dishonest in response to political questions.

Substantially more supportive of business than labor

Judged in the context of the full range of public policies, the government in the United States has been 85) ______ A) equally hostile to the interests of business and labor. B) substantially more supportive of labor than business. C) substantially more supportive of left-wing radicals than conservatives. D) substantially more supportive of business than labor. E) equally supportive of the interests of business and labor.

Declare a law unconstitutional

Judicial review is the power of the American Courts to ____. A. Declare a law unconstitutional B. Give advisory opinions to congress C. Give advice and counsel to the president. D. Impeach the president E. Suspend the writ of Habeas Corpus

Merit criteria

Most federal employees are hired on the basis of 119) _____ A) the personal preferences of immediate supervisors. B) previous job experience in the private sector. C) patronage. D) a lottery system. E) merit criteria.

Information

Most lobbyists receive support from elected officials in direct exchange for 111) _____ A) deception. B) money. C) bribery. D) coercion. E) information.

The states and federal government have become increasingly interdependent.

National authority has greatly expanded in the twentieth century in large part because ______ A. the Democrats have been in control of Congress for most of the century. B. constitutional amendments have opened the way for wider application of national authority. C. the state governments have shown themselves to be an ineffective level of government. D. Americans like the idea of "big government." E. the states and the federal government have become increasingly interdependent.

Report the facts and cover alternative sides of a partisan debate

Objective journalism is based on the idea that the reporter's job is to 114) _____ A) report the facts and cover alternative sides of a partisan debate. B) report what political leaders want them to report. C) scrutinize the partisan debate, and inform the news audience about which party has the better argument. D) discover what other reporters are saying and provide a uniform interpretation of events. E) All of these answers are correct.

Have been hosted by conservatives

On Both radio and television, the most successful partisan talk shows ___ A. have been hosted by liberals B. Have been hosted by teams of journalists holding multiple partisan viewpoints. C. Have been hosted by conservatives. D. Have been hosted by nonpartisan Journalists E. Have had no discernible political bias

A widening in the partisan Divide

One consequence of today's high-choice media system is ___ A. A narrowing in the information divide B. That individuals are more informed C. A widening in the partisan divide D. The individual choice is actually more limited E. None of these answers are correct

China

One example of an authoritarian regime is _____. A. China B. Great Britian C. France D. Canada E. The United States

is conducted by state legislature

Redistricting ____ A. Must be approved by congress B. happens every 4 years C. Must be approved by the highest courts in each states D. Has little appreciable effect on who wins or loses congressional races. E. Is conducted by state legislatures.

five

Roughly one in every ________ dollars spent by local and state governments in recent decades was raised not by them but by the government in Washington. 99) ______ A) fifty B) one hundred C) ten D) five E) two

No Substantial Bias

Scholarly research has shown, that, overall, the traditional media has ___ A. No substantial Bias B. A slight conservative bias C. A strong conservative Bias D. A strong liberal bias E. A slight Liberal Bias

Convinced many political leaders that national government was too weak

Shay's rebellion ____. A. Was a successful Revolt B. convinced many political leaders that the national government was too powerful C. Convinced many political leaders that the national government was too weak D. Occured after the Philadelphia convention of 1787. E. Reinforced public support for the Articles of Confederation.

The Internet

Some analysts predict that soon the most important medium of election politics will be ____. A. The Internet B. Newspapers C. Radio D. Magazines E. Television

Tenth and eleventh

Starting in the 1990s, the Supreme Court has rolled back some of the power of the national government, basing its decisions primarily on interpretations of these two amendments: A. Tenth and Fourteenth B. Eleventh and Fourteenth C. Tenth and Eleventh D. First and Fourth E. First and Fourteenth

1960s

Television first became a major medium for campaign ads during the ____ A. 1950s B. 1970s C. 1960s D. 1940s E. 1980s

Locke

The European philosopher whose concept of natural rights had a great impact on American politics is 96) ______ A) Aristotle. B) Montesquieu. C) Burke. D) Locke. E) Hobbes.

respectively, an agency within a cabinet department, an independent agency, and a regulatory agency

The Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), and the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) are ______ A. two cabinet departments and a regulatory agency. B. respectively, an independent agency, an agency within a cabinet department, and a regulatory agency. C. all agencies within cabinet departments. D. all independent agencies. E. respectively, an agency within a cabinet department, an independent agency, and a regulatory agency.

A bill of rights to be quickly added to the constitution

The Federalists gained enough votes to get the constitution ratified when they promised this: A. James Madison to be the first president B. A bill of rights to be added quickly to the constutiton C. The right of states to disobey any national law they didn't like D. A banning of the slave trade after 1808. E. A supreme court with the right judicial review

Unreasonable searches

The Fourth Amendment protects Americans from 27) ______ A. any search conducted without a warrant. B. unreasonable searches conducted only by federal officers. C. searches conducted only by local officers. D. all searches conducted by state officers. E. Unreasonable searches.

all of these answers are correct

The National Performance Review addressed which of the following issues about the bureaucracy? 76) ______ A. the need to reduce red tape B. efficiency C. accountability D. responsiveness E. All of these answers are correct.

Has generally protected symbolic speech, though less substantially than it has protected verbal speech

The Supreme Court ______ A. has protected symbolic speech much more substantially than it has protected verbal speech. B. has reduced its protections of symbolic speech dramatically, and recently has ruled against flag burning as a form of protected symbolic speech. C. has ruled that even forms of symbolic speech considered to be dangerous to the public are protected. D. has generally protected symbolic speech, though less substantially than it has protected verbal speech. E. ruled during the Vietnam war that the burning of draft registration cards was a protected form of symbolic speech.

was a block grant that, among other aspects, restricted federal assistance to five years.

The TANF aspect of the Welfare Reform Act 19) ______ A. was a block grant with no time or activity restrictions on how to use federal funds. B. was a categorical grant that placed no time restrictions on federal assistance but dramatically limited state discretion in how to use the funds C. was a block grant that, among other aspects, restricted federal assistance to five years. D. ended direct federal welfare assistance to the states in grants of any form. E. was a categorical grant that restricted federal assistance to three years but limited state discretion in how to use the funds.

None of the answers are correct

The bill of Rights was added to the Constitution ____. A. In response to the freeing of slaves during the civil war B. In response to the ideals of Jacksonian Democracy C. By the framers during the Philadelphia convention. D. In stages from 1789 to 1798 E. None of these answers are correct

The AFL-CIO

The dominant labor interest group is ______. A. The AFL-CIO B. The teamsters Union C. The communication workers of America. D. United Auto Workers E. The International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers

1932

The election of ______ was a realigning election. A. 1976 B. 1960 C. 1932 D. 1840 E. 1872

House and senate in seperate proceedings

The forced removal of a president from office through impeachment and conviction requires action by the ______ A. Supreme Court in a judicial proceeding. B. House and Senate in separate proceedings. C. House and Senate in a joint session. D. Senate only. E. House of Representatives only.

political parties

The history of democratic government is virtually synonymous with the history of 110) _____ A) political parties. B) economic recessions. C) protest movements. D) high voter turnout. E) the separation of powers.

freedom of expression.

The individual right that is widely regarded as the most basic of individual rights is 24) ______ A. the right to an adequate education. B. protection against illegal searches and seizures. C. the right to an attorney. D. the right to a jury trial. E. freedom of expression.

Take place in the year prior to a presidental election

The invisible primary 117) _____ A) takes place in the year prior to a presidential election. B) is another term for the presidential caucuses. C) takes place in the Republican Party, but not the Democratic Party. D) is typically won by the person who is either the most liberal or the most conservative. E) takes place in the Democratic Party, but not the Republican Party.

Hugo Black

The long-serving chief justice that established the principle of judicial review was 78) ______ A. Benjamin Cardozo. B).Charles Evans Hughes. C. Clarence Thomas. D. John Marshall. E. Hugo Black.

Afghanistan War

The longest war in American history has been 89) ______ A) World War II. B) the Vietnam War. C) the Iraq war. D) World War I. E) the Afghanistan war.

Are now professional politicians who want to stay in congress

The modern Congress is different from the nineteenth-century Congress in that most members 115) _____ A) are now minorities or women. B) are now amateur politicians who want only to spend a short time in Congress. C) have previously been governors of their home states. D) return to their respective state legislatures after their congressional service is over. E) are now professional politicians who want to stay in Congress.

The abolition Movement

The movement for women's rights was initially aligned with ______ A. the Progressive movement. B. the abolition movement. C. the modern environmental movement. D. the labor movement. E. the modern civil rights movement.

1948 Truman-Dewey

The only presidential election in which the gallup poll erred badly was ____ A. 1948 Truman-Dewey B. 1936 Roosevelt-Landon C. 1928 Hoover-Smith D. 2000 Bush-Gore. E. 1964 Johnson-Goldwater

Cabinet (as a whole)

The presidential advisory unit that, as a whole, has declined significantly as an advisory resource for the president in the twentieth century is the ______ A. National Economic Council. B. National Security Council. C. Office of Management and Budget. D. cabinet (as a whole). E. White House Office.

Politics

The process by which society settles its conflicts and allocates the resulting benefits and costs is called____. A. Government B. Politics C. Socialism D. Elitism E. Communism

Normally cumulative; political beliefs attained earlier in life tend to be retained to a substantial degree

The process of political socialization in the United States is 106) _____ A) usually uniform; there are almost no differences in the opinions of various groups, such as northerners and southerners. B) normally cumulative; political beliefs attained earlier in life tend to be retained to a substantial degree. C) highly structured; children are subjected to an intense system of government-mandated political indoctrination. D) extremely narrow; most Americans get nearly all their opinions from a single source. E) highly effective; Americans are the best informed citizens in the world.

Sixth

The right to counsel is guaranteed by the ___ amendment A. Tenth B. Fifth C. Ninth D. Sixth E. First

Single-issue groups, such as environmental groups and right-to-life groups

The second-largest number of PACs are those associated with _____. A. Foreign Governments B. Labor C. Business. D. Single-issue groups, such as environmental groups and right-to-life groups E. Agriculture

Presidential nominee's choice of a running mate

The selection of the vice presidential nominee at the national convention is based on the ______ A. convention delegates' judgment as to the candidate who would make the best vice president. B. presidential nominee's choice of a running mate. C. results of public opinion polls taken just before the convention begins. D. results of the primaries and caucuses; the candidate who places second in these contests is nominated as the running mate of the candidate who finishes first. E. None of these answers is correct.

1930s

The social insurance program social security was established in the 88) ______ A) 1950s . B) 1960s. C) 1930s. D) 1940s. E) 1920s.

Transnational terriorism

The term "asymmetric war" BEST applies to 91) ______ A) regional wars. B) transnational terrorism. C) conventional wars. D) wars between neighboring countries with different population sizes. E) nuclear war

The method would shield executive power from direct linkage to popular majorities.

The writers of the Constitution devised the Electoral College as the method of choosing presidents because ____ A. That method would give weight to the preferences of ordinary people. B. The framers had a great deal of faith in the wisdom of the lassses C. The method would shield executive power from direct linkage to popular majorities. D. Direct election was impractial due to the poor system of communication and treansportation that existed in the late 1700s. E. The method guaranteed a majority winner.

Deals with the tendency of officials to support the policy demands of interest group or groups that have a special stake in a policy.

Theodore Lowi's theory of interest-group liberalism ______ A. posits that interest groups result in an efficient use of society's resources. B. argues that lawmakers are rightly prevented from using government to promote group interests. C. describes the effect of groups on policy, resulting in a system of rule by majorities. D. deals with the tendency of officials to support the policy demands of the interest group or groups that have a special stake in a policy. E. constitutes a partial and wrongful abdication by government of its authority over policy.

James Madison

This person was the chief architect of the United States constitution and also one of America's top political scientists. A. Andrew Jackson B. Benjamin Franklin C. Woodrow Wilson D. John Adams E. James Madsion

tyranny of the majority

To the framers, the great danger of democratic government was the risk of _______ A. a weak presidency. B. judicial imperialism. C. tyranny of the majority. D. elite rule. E. special-interest politics

One

Under the New Jersey Plan, each state would have ___ votes in congress. A. one B. Two C. Three D. Four E. Five

Allowing the prosecution an unlimited number of challenges in capital cases

What Illinois policy did the Supreme Court invalidate with its decision in Witherspoon v. Illinois (1968)? 26) ______ A. preventing the prosecution from challenging jury selections in felony cases B. allowing the prosecution an unlimited number of challenges in capital cases C. the failure to provide low income defendants with court-appointed lawyers D. preventing convicted persons in capital cases from filing an appeal E. encouragement of low income defendants to act as their own attorney

elimination of the electoral college

What aspect of presidential election did Andrew Jackson try but fail to achieve? ______ A. elimination of candidate selection by primary B. elimination of the unit rule C. elimination of the Electoral College D. the equalization of Electoral College votes, eliminating population as a factor E. an increase in the number of presidential candidates per party

The Rapid Spread of Cable

What development brought about a dramatic reduction in television's capacity to generate an interest in news? A. The rise of internet news consumption B. A drop in education levels in the united states C. An increase in Newspaper circulation D. The rapid spread of cable E. The loss of objective journalistic standards.

The use of block grants over catergorical grants

What did Reagan promote as part of his version of "new federalism"? 98) ______ A) increased policy collaboration between states and the federal government B) a reduction of the Supreme Court's role in determining the line between federal and state finance C) an increase in federal funding of state education initiatives D) a reduction in federal enumerated powers E) the use of block grants over categorical grants

Legislative rule-making

What is the chief way administrative agencies exercise control over policy? A. whistleblowing B. through the budget C. promoting an agency point of view D. by forming an iron triangle E. legislative rule-making

Unwilling of citizens to make the effort

What is the major barrier to political thinking? A. Lack of access to news media sources outside of sesationalist televison or internet content. B. Lack of access to political power resources C. Elite control of political power resources D. Failure of politicians and government institutions to communicate policy details to the public E. Unwillingness of citizens to make the effort.

Non-opinion

What term do Scholars use for a purported opinion offered by a respondent who is unfamiliar with the specific issue? A. Non-opinion B. Faulty Opinion C. Confused Response D. Uninformed Response E. Invalid Answer

It created dominant business interests that raised questions about the suitability of dual federalism as a governing concept.

What was the impact of the Industrial Revolution upon the concept of dual federalism? 20) ______ A. It had no impact at all upon the concept. B. It made the doctrine of nullification a political reality. C. It led to passage of the Tenth Amendment. D. It brought about the immediate end of the concept. E. It created dominant business interests that raised questions about the suitability of dual federalism as a governing concept.

Actively involved only later in their lives, when they feel more secure that a protest is justified

When it comes to protest activities, a majority of Americans are ______ A. actively involved in protests at one time or another in their lives. B. actively involved only later in their lives, when they feel more secure that a protest is justified. C. willing to contribute through financial support but not through active participation. D. not highly supportive of such activities, despite America's tradition of free expression. E. supportive of violent activities if the cause warrants such an approach.

Hispanic Voters

Which Demographic is key to the future of both parties? A. Hispanic voters B. Middle-class voters C. African American Voters D. The senior vote E. Jewish Voters

African Americans

Which of the following group is most likely to identify with the Democratic party? A. African Americans B. White southerns C. Hispanics D. White men E. White women

John C. Calhoun

Which of the following individuals would agree that each state should be allowed to determine for itself the extent to which national authority restricts its actions? A. John C calhoun B. Lyndon Johnson C. Franklin D. Roosevelt D. John Marshall E. none of the above

Cooperation

Which of the following is NOT one of the core values of American political culture? 94) ______ A) individualism B) self-government C) cooperation D) equality E) liberty

Before 1975, Four million children with disabilities were either no education or an inappropriate one.

Which of the following is true of discrimination against the disabled in the United States? A. Before 1975, four million children with disabilities were getting either no education or an inappropriate one. B. Through the Education for All Handicapped Children Act of 1975, Congress required that schools receiving federal funding provide all children, however severe their disability, with a free and appropriate education. C. The Americans with Disabilities Act grants protections to the disabled only in the employment sphere. D. Discrimination against the disabled is among the forms of discrimination prohibited by the Constitution, but has also been strengthened through statutes. E. Congress passed the Americans with Disabilities Act in 1975.

Mexico

Which of the following nations is often noted as an example of a government that has a system of checks and balances but is often plagued by political extremes? 97) ______ A) Japan B) Great Britain C) Mexico D) Canada E) France

American Conservative Union

Which of the following orgainzations is not an example of single-issue groups? A. National Rifle Association B. Right-to-life groups C. Sierra club D. American conservative union E. Climate change groups

Network journalists tend to be negitive

Which of the following statements has been shown by scholarly research to be true? 113) _____ A) Network journalists have a very substantial liberal bias. B) Network journalists have a clear Republican bias. C) Network journalists have a very substantial conservative bias. D) Network journalists tend to be negative. E) Network journalists have a clear Democratic bias.

Flordia

Which of the following states is a competitive state, meaning that it could potentially vote either democratic or republician? A. Massachusetts B. Kansas C. Minnesota D. California E. Flordia

Iowa

Which state typically holds the first presidential caucus? 118) _____ A) Nebraska B) Kansas C) Iowa D) Nevada E) Minnesota

Women have made clear gains in the areas of appointive and elective offices.

Which statement about women's rights is correct? ______ A. Women tend to cast their votes for Republican candidates. B. Women have made clear gains in the areas of appointive and elective offices. C. The women's rights movement began in the era of World War I and within a few years achieved voting rights for women. D. The Equal Rights Amendment (ERA) was ratified by the necessary 38 states in 1982. E. All these answers are correct.

They don't require a large bureaucracy to administer them

Why are social security and Medicare considered highly efficient programs? 87) ______ A) They have built-in sunset provisions. B) Their integrated vertical structure. C) They do not require a large bureaucracy to administer them. D) Costs are shared by the state and federal government. E) They are administered at the local level where government is more responsive to changes in the needs of beneficiaries.

early in the twentieth century

Women gained the right to vote 108) _____ A) with passage of the Voting Rights Act of 1965. B) shortly after the Civil War. C) during the era of Jacksonian democracy. D) early in the twentieth century. E) with passage of the Bill of Rights.

Spanish-American War

Yellow Journalism contributed most notably to public support for the ___ A. Spanish-American war B. Mexican war of 1848 C. Civil war D. War 1812 E. American Revolution

Power

____ is the ability of persons, groups, or institutions to influence political developments. A. Apathy B. Political Culture C. Politics D. Power E. Liberty

Presidential

_____ Elections tend to draw the largest percentage of voters in the U.S _____ A. Congressional B. Presidential C. Mayoral D. Primary E. Gubernatorial

The United States

________ has the highest child poverty rate among the Western democracies. 86) ______ A) Great Britain B) Canada C) France D) Germany E) The United States

Thurgood Marshall

________ was the first black justice to serve on the U.S. Supreme Court. 81) ______ A) Antonin Scalia B) Laurence Tribe C) Thurgood Marshall D) Clarence Thomas E) Robert Bork

By committees and their respective subcommittees

most of the work on legislation in congress is done ____. A. By bureaucratic agencies B. By conference committees C. By committees and their respective subcommittees D. By the president E. On the floor of the house and senate