GRADE 8 - HISTORY - THE CRUSADES - TEST 4

What is a Crusade?

Any vigorous, aggressive movement for the defense or advancement of an idea, cause, etc. A crusade is also a war declared by a Pope.

"one mans crusade is another man's terrorism"

If you were Muslim you would call the crusades the Frankish invasion, after the group of people invading your land. In some ways, the Christian crusade is similar to the Jihads today

Before the Crusades why did Muslims allow Christians in Jerusalem?

> because it brought new sources of revenue.

The First Crusade

>A monk named Peter the Hermit rode from town to town, carrying a huge cross before him and preaching to vast crowds. >summer of 1096 a horde of poor men, women, and children set out, unorganized and almost unarmed, on the road to the Holy Land. >This was called the Peoples Crusade, it is also referred to as the Peasants Crusade. >It was badly organised. >Many died travelling to Jerusalem, some died of hunger, others in battle. Almost ALL peoples' crusade members died!

What were the Crusades?

A religious war between Christians and Muslims for the control of "the Holy Land."

What famous story takes place while King Richard is off at The Crusades?

Robin Hood

Saladin allows Christians to visit Jerusalem and the Church of the Holy Sepulcher

Saladin entrusts 2 families to open The Church of The Holy Sepulcher every day so that Christians may visit

Where is Jerusalem located on the Map?

See picture.

CAUSE OF THE CRUSADES

1. Seljuk Turks no longer wanted Christians to come to Jerusalem for pilgrimages 2. The Pope in the West wanted the riches of the East. 3. The Christians wanted sole control of Palestine; they did not want any want any Muslims living there. 4. Europeans wanted control of the key trade routes.

Successes of the Crusades

>Contact with the East brings back classical texts to the west and fuels a renewed interest in the literature and art - a "rebirth" of knowledge >European cities, especially in Italy, begin to flourish and become more powerful because of trade and opportunities. Many relics, art, and goods are brought back to the home cities. >Technology; better ships, better navigation, better maps. This leads to the exploration of other parts of the world.

Why did Christians go on Pilgrimages?

>They went on these trips, because were a way of being forgiven for your sins.

What were Seljuk Turks?

>They were Persian Muslims

What was happening in Europe before Crusades?

>VIOLENCE is ripping apart Europe as Nobles are fighting among themselves. >FAMINE (food shortage) beginning to spread across the Continent as mini ice age slows crop production

Failures of the Crusades

>Want of protecting the holy land is replaced by want of wealth >Holy land remains in Muslim control. >People lost respect for Crusaders after their abuses of innocent people (4th Crusade) Jews were persecuted in the east and west.

CRUSADES FOR CHRIST

>Word of Crusade spreads through Europe like fire through a tissue factory. >Peasant's Crusade - villages are deserted as the peasants march off led by Peter the Hermit >There are eventually 9 crusades in all!

What was the Church of the Holy Sepulchre?

>church built on the site of Jesus' death and resurrection. >Considered holiest site in Christendom. >If you go on this crusade, it is like taking a pilgrimage - all your sins will be forgiven!

Who went off to join the Crusades?

Included in those who join The Crusades are Richard The Lionhearted, King of England.

What Middle Eastern City is Holy to Judaism

Jerusalem

What Middle Eastern City is holy to Christianity?

Jerusalem

The Second Crusade 1147 - 1149

Kings & emperors joined this second crusade. For eg. The Kings of France & Germany It begun under well but had an unhappy ending. Of the many people who set out from Europe, only a few thousands escaped annihilation in Asia Minor at the hands of the Turks.

What cities are holy to Islam?

Mecca, Saudia Arabia Medina, Jerusalem, Israel

Did the Sejuk Turks allow Christian Pilgrims into Jerusalem? As a result what happened?

No. >Persecuted Christians who were there. Violence escalates and 3000 Christians are massacred

Who lead the peasants crusade?

Peter the Hermit

Saladin captures Jerusalem

The Great Muslim Leader, Saladin captures Jerusalem for good in 1187. King Richard of England asks Saladin to return Jerusalem to the Christians, he refuses saying...

What did Pope Urban II say in response to the letter? The pleading from Alexis was just what the Pope wanted to hear. (they didn't get along and now he needed his help) 1095

The Pope made a speech in France in it he passed along this message "You common people who have been miserable sinners, become soldiers of Christ! You nobles, do not [quarrel] with one another. Use your arms in a just war! Labor for everlasting reward."

Control of Jerusalem goes back and forth

The later crusades had control of Jerusalem going back and forth between The Muslims and The Christians.

What reasons did the Pope give for fighting for Jerusalem?

Their brethens in the East need their assistance and protection of the faithful of God from being attacked.

What are the similarities and differences between the arguments the Pope and Saladin used to persuade their listeners?

They both used God or religion to persuade the people. Pope says that God will forgive their sins and the Saladin says that God will bless them.

What ideas do the speeches give you about purposes of the people who fought during the crusades?

They feared God and religion was very important to them.

What arguments did he use to persuade his listeners to go on a Crusade?

They must preserve the rights of the church.

What impressions do these speeches give you about the Crusades?

They were very religious.

Third Crusade 1189 - 1192

Three greatest rulers of Europe - King Philip Augustus of France, King Richard I of England, and the German emperor, Frederick Barbarossa went on the third crusade. The English king, Richard remained in the Holy Land, after others gave up and left. His campaigns during this time gained for him the title of "Lion-hearted"

Why Might There Be Conflict Here?

Three of the world's Major religions in one place.

Saladin's response to Richard I

To us Jerusalem is as precious...as it is to you, because it is the place where our Prophet [Muhammad] made his journey by night to heaven...Do not dream that we will give it up to you."

What was the letter from byzantine?

With the massacre, Byzantine Emperor Alexis sends a letter to Pope Urban II Asking for Help... he will regret this later.