Group Process Midterm
(T/F) Meta-analyses reveal that group therapy is not as effective and individual therapy.
False, group is just as effective as individual therapy.
A developed conceptual framework for multicultural counseling competencies in 3 areas: 1. ________________ of beliefs and attitudes 2. __________________ 3. __________
awareness; knowledge; skill
What group leadership skill is described as opening up clear and direct communication within the group as well as helping members assume increasing responsibility for the group's direction?
facilitating
_____________________ skills involve opening up clear and direct communication among the group members and helping them assume increasing responsibility for the direction of the group.
facilitation
The purpose of _______________ is to provide a realistic assessment of how a person appears to others.
feedback
In Stage 2 - ________________ Stage, the main tasks of the group are ___________________ and _______________.
initial; inclusion; identity
What group leadership skill is described as promoting participation and introducing new directions in the group?
initiating
Counseling groups are often _______________ oriented, and the member largely determine their content and aims.
problem
If leaders limit themselves to a style that is almost exclusively __________________, they deprive the members of potentially valuable challenges.
supportive
Announcing/recruiting members, screening, structural issues, pregroup meeting, and orientation are all components of Stage ____ - _______________ Issues.
1; Pregroup
Member functions within Stage __ - ____________ Issues: -Before joining a group, individuals need to have the knowledge necessary for making an informed decision concerning their participation. -Potential members should be active participants in deciding whether a group is right for them
1; Pregroup
Which stage of group is characterized by orientation and exploration?
Stage 2 - Initial Stage
Which stage of group is characterized by conflict and resistance?
Stage 3 - Transition Stage
Which stage of group is characterized by cohesion and productivity?
Stage 4 - Working Stage
Which stage of group is characterized by learning to apply what was learned in group to the outside world?
Stage 5 - Consolidation and Termination
Which stage of group is characterized by evaluation and follow-up?
Stage 6 - Postgroup Issues
(T/F) In group, there's no such thing as legal privilege.
True
(T/F) Task facilitation groups focus on application of principles/processes of group dynamics to improve practice and foster accomplishment of identified work goals.
True
What group leadership skill is described as attending to verbal and nonverbal aspects of communication without judging or evaluating?
active listening
___________ _______________ involves paying total attention to the speaker and being sensitive to what is being communicated at both the verbal and nonverbal levels.
active listening
Group counseling is especially suited for ____________________ because it gives them a place to express conflicting feelings, to explore self-doubts, and to come to the realization that they share these concerns with their peers.
adolescences
What group leadership skill is described as intervening to stop counterproductive group behavior?
blocking
What group leadership skill is described as grasping the essence of a message at both the feeling and thinking levels as well as simplifying client statements by focusing on the core of the message?
clarifying
______________________ is also an extension of listening which involves responding to confusing and unclear aspects of a message by focusing on underlying issues and helping the person sort out conflicting feelings.
clarifying
Stage 1: Pregroup Issues - Formation of the Group Stage 2: Initial Stage - Orientation and Exploration Stage 3: Transition Stage - Dealing with Reluctance ------------------------------------------------ Stage 4: Working Stage - ____________________ and Productivity Stage 5: Final Stage -____________________ and Termination Stage 6: Postgroup Issues - ________________ and Follow-up
cohesion; consolidation; evaluation
A skill that many counselors shy away from, _________________ can be a powerful way of challenging members to take an honest look at themselves.
confronting
What group leadership skill is described as challenging members to look at discrepancies between their words and actions or their bodily and verbal messages as well as pointing to conflicting information or messages?
confronting
Regarding task facilitation groups, a leader's failure to attend to the here-and-now factors is likely to result in a group that becomes overly focused on ____________ concerns.
content
If children who are developing serious emotional and behavioral problems receive psychological assistance (e.g., group counseling in schools) at an early age, they stand a better chance of _______________ effectively with the developmental tasks they must face later in life.
coping
Effective group leaders show ________________ by taking risks in group and admitting mistakes, by being vulnerable, by being willing to challenge members in respectful ways, by acting on intuitions and beliefs, by discussing with the group their thoughts and feelings about the group process, and by being willing to share their power with group members.
courage
What term refers to provincialism or a very narrow or limited view on diversity?
cultural encapsulation
What term describes group leaders who are aware of their worldview, value diversity, learn about different worldviews, acquire and incorporate cultural knowledge as party of their interventions, increase their multicultural skills, and adapt to diversity and to the cultural context of the clients?
culturally competent
What term includes ethnographic, demographic, status, and affiliation variables?
culture
What group leadership skill is described as revealing one's reaction to here-and-now events in the group?
disclosing oneself
What group leadership skill is described as identifying with clients by assuming their frames of reference?
empathizing
_______________________ lies in the leader's ability to sensitively grasp the subjective world of the participant and yet retain his/her own separateness.
empathizing
What term refers to the sociocultural heritage of religion, history, or common ancestry?
ethnicity
As an ongoing process that continues for the duration of a group, leaders teach participants how to ____________ themselves and how to appraise the movement and direction of their group.
evaluate
What group leadership skill is described as appraising the ongoing group process and the individual and group dynamics?
evaluating
What group leadership skill is described as expression of concrete and honest reactions based on observation of members' behaviors?
giving feedback
The _____________ counselor uses verbal and nonverbal techniques as well as structured exercises.
group
Group counseling tends to be _____________ oriented in that the emphasis is on discovering internal resources of strength.
growth
Group leaders who disclose _______-_____-______ reactions rather than detailed personal events from their past tend to facilitate the movement of the group.
here-and-now
Group work emphasizes interpersonal communication of conscious thoughts, feelings, and behavior within a _________-_____-______ time frame.
here-and-now
The intervention strategies used in psychoeducational groups are largely based on the transmission of ____________________ basic to making changes and ____________________ a process for bring about these changes.
information; teaching
_________________ is a key skill in structuring a group session and in working with the group as a whole.
initiating
___________________ skills include using catalysts to get members to focus on meaningful work, knowing how to employ various techniques that promote deeper self-exploration, and providing links for various themes being explored in the group.
initiating
One possible goal of a counseling group may be to increase self-direction, ________________________ (needing other people), and responsibility toward oneself and others.
interdependence
What group leadership skill is described as offering possible explanations for certain thoughts, feelings, and behaviors?
interpreting
____________________ occurs when the leader offers possible explanations for a participants' thoughts, feelings or behaviors which helps the group member see new perspectives and alternatives.
interpreting
What group leadership skill is described as connecting the work that members do to common themes in the group?
linking
An advantage of group counseling is that the group, especially if it's diverse, provides a __________________ of society which provides a re-creation of the participants' everyday world.
microcosm
What group is impacted by the differential and unequal treatment of an oppressed group due to discrimination by the dominant and more powerful majority?
minority
What group leadership skill is described as demonstrating desired behavior through actions?
modeling
Within Stage 2, the leader's tasks include: - ___________________ (demonstrating desired behavior through actions) -helping _____________ goals -clarify divisions of responsibility -structuring
modeling; identity
Multicultural context of group work requires attention to two tasks: 1. the application and _________________ of theories and techniques of group work to different cultures in ways that are congruent with cultural beliefs and behaviors 2. the development of the theory and practice of group work that makes full use of the ______________ among members as a way to facilitate change and growth
modification; diversity
What term refers to the complexity of culture as it pertains to delivery of services?
multicultura
Adopting a __________________ perspective enables one to think about diversity without polarizing issues into "right" or "wrong."
multicultural
What term refers to the ability of a group leader to work effectively with many types of individuals with diverse cultural backgrounds?
multicultural intentionality
___________________________ _____________________ in group counseling emphasizes that it is no longer adequate to mainly look to internal dynamics within the individual as a source of problems.
multicultural intentionality
Regarding too much self-disclosure, it is easy to make the mistake of "_____________ _________________ _____" by sharing intimate details to prove that you are just as humans as the members
paying membership dues
Group members typically do not require extensive __________________ reconstruction, and their concerns generally relate to the _______________________ tasks of the life span.
personality; developmental
Truly self-confident leaders use the effect they have on group participants to encourage members to get in contact with their own unused ___________, not to foster dependency.
power
Leadership functions within Stage 1 - Pregroup Issues: -Identify the general goals and specific purposes of the group -Develop a clearly written _____________ for the formation of a group -Conduct pregroup interviews for ______________________ and orientation purposes -make decisions concerning the selection of members -prepare psychologically for leadership tasks and meet with a coleader (if appropriate) -arrange for a preliminary group session to get acquainted, present ground rules, and prepare members for a successful group experience -make provisions for informed consent and explore with participants the potential risks and benefits involved in a group experience
preposal; screening
One of the characteristics of an effective group leader is being emotionally _________ which means the leader is moved by the joy and pain that others experiences: As leaders recognize and express their own emotions, they can draw on these experiences to empathize with other group members and "__________ __________."
present; being there
The goal of psychoeducational groups are to ____________ an array of educational and psychological disturbances.
prevent
Group counseling has ___________________ as well as remedial aims.
preventative
Counseling groups focus on growth, development, enhancement, ___________________, self-awareness, and releasing blocks to growth, whereas therapy groups focus on issues such as remediation, treatment and ___________________ reconstruction.
prevention; personality
What group leadership skill is described as safeguarding members from unnecessary psychological risks in the group?
protecting
Structured along the lines of certain content themes, _______________________ groups are designed to help people develop specific skills, understand certain themes, or progress through difficult life transitions.
psychoeducation
What type of group is structured by some central theme?
psychoeducation groups
Group ____________________ is a process of reeducation that includes both conscious and unconscious awareness and both the present and the past.
psychotherapy
What group leadership skill is described as asking open-ended questions that lead to self-exploration of the "what" and "how" of behavior?
questioning
What term refers to the genetic, biological and physical characteristics of an individual?
race
What group leadership skill is described as communicating understanding of the content of feelings?
reflecting feelings
When _______________ ( communicating understanding of the content of feelings) is done well, it fosters further contact and involvement; feeling understood and achieving a clearer grasp of one's feelings are very reinforcing and stimulate the person to seek greater self-awareness.
reflecting feelings
What group leadership skill is described as paraphrasing what a participant has said to clarify its meaning?
restating
___________________ (or paraphrasing) is an extension of listening and refers to recasting what someone said into different words so that the meaning is clearer to both the speaker and the group.
restating
Having initial anxiety as a new counselor can be beneficial because moderate anxiety can lead to honest _________-_________________.
self-appraisal
What type of perspective takes into account the environment and systemic factors that often contribute to an individual's struggles?
self-in-relation perspective
What group leadership skill is described as planning specific goals for the group process and helping participants define concrete and meaningful goals?
setting goals
Self-help groups are distinctly different from therapy groups in that they focus on a ____________ specific issue/topic, focus on support/inspiration, a participant leader emerges, and not a social microcosm (highly selective group).
single
The participants of the counseling group may be facing situational crises and temporary conflicts, struggling with personal or _________________ problems of living, experiencing difficulties with life transitions, or trying to change _____-_____________behaviors.
situational; self-defeating
Psychoeducational groups are designed to help people develop specific ________, understand certain themes, or progress through difficult life ________________.
skills; transitions
Some of the problems that can arise in Stage 2 - Initial Stage are: -Members may wait passively for "________________ ___ ____________" -Members may keep to themselves feelings of _____________ or fears pertaining to the group and thus entrench their own resistance -Members may keep themselves vague and unknown -Members may adopt a problem-solving and advice-giving stance with other members
something to happen; distrust
Within Stage 1, the following are ______________ issues: - open vs closed - voluntary vs involuntary - homogeneous vs heterogenuous - meeting place -group size -frequency/length of meetings -short-term vs long-term
structural
What group leadership skill is described as offering advice and information, direction, and ideas for new behavior?
suggesting
What leadership skill is a form of intervention designed to help participants develop an alternative course of thinking or action and enhance an individual's movement toward independence?
suggesting
What group leadership skill is described as pulling together the important elements of an interaction or session?
summarizing
What group leadership skill is described as providing encouragement and reinforcement?
supporting
_________ _____________________ groups are designed to assist task forces, committees, planning groups, community organizations, discussion groups, study circles, learning groups, team building, program development consultation, and other similar groups to correct or develop their functioning.
task facilitation
What type of counseling group is frequently seen in I/O settings and community groups (non-profit)?
task facilitation groups
What group leadership skill is described as preparing the group to close a session or end its existence?
terminating
_____________ or issue groups, which are time-limited and focus on a developmental issue or address a specific problem that the participants have in common, are popular in university counseling centers.
theme
Brief groups are rigidly _______-___________, utilize CBT and behavioral interventions, useful in outpatient and inpatient settings, requires very specific goals, and emphasizes efficacy and effectiveness.
time-limited
In Stage 2 - Initial Stage, the foundation of this stage is based on ___________.
trust
Within Stage 2, the member's functions include: -Taking active steps to create a ___________ climate -Learning to express one's feelings and thoughts -Being willing to make oneself known to others in the group -Being willing to express fears, hope, concerns, reservations, and expectations concerning the group -Being involved in the creation of group norms -Establishing person and specific _________ that will govern group participants -Learning the basics of group process, especially how to be involved in group interactions
trusting; goals
_______, ________, and ______ _________ to reveal are factors in determining the appropriateness of self-disclosure.
what; when; how much
As a leader's central task, promoting self-investigation in clients and self-awareness entail the ___________________ to take an honest look at oneself, and the group leaders must show that they are willing to ______________ themselves.
willingness; question
