GRY 100 Exam Two

At what wind speed does a tropical disturbance become a hurricane?

74 mph

Irredentism

A desire to gain control over separated populations or territories

Which of the following examples would be considered a devolutionary force?

A referendum calling for Scottish independence

The EU

A trade bloc; also an economic, political, and military alliance

The ancient city of Tenochtitlan, on the site of modern-day Mexico City, was the political and ceremonial center of which people?

Aztec

Which of the following islands is NOT part of the Greater Antilles?

Bahamas

Rimland

Belize, the Guianas, and the Caribbean coastal areas of Central and South America

Creolization

Blended languages, religions, food, music

Brexit

British exit from the EU; became official December 31, 2020

Syncretic religions

Catholicism was blended with indigenous beliefs already present in the region

Causes of Deforestation

Cattle ranches/settlements Slash and burn agriculture Lumber/Mining industries Tourism

Wedding of the Waters

Confluence of Rio Negro and Amazon River; rivers flow side by side without mixing together for about 50 miles : Freshwater dolphins like to jump back and forth across the dividing line in the river

grassification

Conversion of tropical forests to grasslands for cattle ranches; the largest cause of deforestation in this part of the world

The Eurozone

Countries using euros as their currency

Treaty of Tordesillas

Established division of land between the Spanish and Portuguese; Portugal accidentally got a piece of the New World due to an inaccurate map

Why is the Caribbean an attractive location for offshore banking

Exemptions from taxes

Sustainable tourism

Focuses on managing resources in a way that meets all economic, social and aesthetic needs while respecting cultural integrity, essential ecological processes, biological diversity and life support systems

What European power colonized Haiti?

France

Cultural Assimilation

France tries to make all immigrants "French"; diversity is suppressed

Immigration in Latin America

From Europe and Asia in the past

Guest Workers

Germany treats immigrants as temporary guests

subsidence

Gradual settling or sudden sinking of the earth's surface

Capital leakage

Hotels, airports and golf courses use up lots of land and other resources. Local residents pay for roads, electricity, and water usage that they may not even use.

Which of the following religions is growing the fastest in Europe?

Islam

What makes the Amazon River distinctive?

It is the world's largest river by volume.

What was the fate of Haiti's Presidential Palace following the January 2010 earthquake?

It was severely damaged.

How has agrarian reform changed landholding patterns in Latin America?

Large estates were divided and the parcels of land were given to small farmers

Which set of nations all have negative rates of natural increase (RNI)?

Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia

Indentured labor

Most Asian populations came as servants brought over from Dutch and English colonies in Indonesia, India, and China

Emigration in Latin America

Mostly to the United States now

El Niño

Normally the waters off the west coast of South America are cold. In an El Niño situation, the wind and water currents are reversed and warm currents can bring dramatic changes to this region and others.

Landslides

Occur without much warning and can result in many deaths

Devolution

Occurs when one part of a state wants more autonomy; may lead to decentralization or secession

hurricanes

Often form in the intertropical convergence zone near the equator

Acid precipitation

Precipitation with a high acidic content due to sulfur dioxide emissions

The Columbian Exchange

Products exchanged between the New World and Old World following the arrival of Europeans

Which of the following statements regarding Puerto Rico's status as a commonwealth of the United States is correct?

Puerto Ricans can move freely between the island and the U.S. mainland.

Humanitarian Mapping

Real-time mapping used to identify locations (and people) in need of aid

Supranational organizations

Several states working together for a common purpose; includes trade blocs such as: NAFTA (now USMCA) CAFTA Mercosur Pacific Alliance UNASUR

Balkanization

Small-scale independence movements based on ethnicity; political fracturing

The Holocaust

Targeted killing of 6 million Jews and 5 million others (Poles, Slavs, Roma, people with disabilities) by the Nazis in World War II

What region does the rimland refer to in the Caribbean?

The Caribbean coastal zone of the mainland, including Belize and the Guianas as well as the Caribbean coast of Central and South America.

U.S. neocolonialism has its roots in which of the following policies?

The Monroe Doctrine

Which of the following actions or events led to the Portuguese presence in the Americas?

The Treaty of Tordesillas

How does the average income of workers in the sugarcane fields today compare to that of the average Haitian?

The average income of workers in the sugarcane fields today is approximately double what the average Haitian earns currently.

What is capital leakage?

The vast majority of income generated by Caribbean tourism flows to wealthy hotel and cruise ship owners who reside in the United States and Europe.

Altiplano

These basins among the mountains have allowed large populations to live at high elevations in the Andes

Puerto Rican residents are US citizens BUT

They can't vote in U.S. elections. They don't pay federal taxes. They are eligible for Medicare/Medicaid, food stamps.

Grameen Bank

This is a type of microfinancing. You will learn about the Grameen Bank from the film, Living on One Dollar.

Mestizos

This is the largest ethnic group within Latin America. People of which ethnic heritage belong to this group?

Arawaks and Caribs

Two indigenous tribes in this region. Most were exterminated within 50 years of the arrival of the Spanish.

Trade embargo

U.S. cut off trade with Cuba in 1962; even though diplomatic relations with Cuba were restored in 2015, the embargo is still in effect

In 2008, Brazil initiated the formation of a 12-member supranational structure, which includes virtually all of South America. What is the name of this particular trade bloc?

UNASUR

What are the origins of Voodoo?

Voodoo originated in the religious practices of western Africa that were brought to Haiti by slaves.

The Monroe Doctrine (1823)

Was used to justify U.S. intervention in the region

The relationship between cooler temperatures at higher elevations and changes in vegetation is

altitudinal zonation

Latin Americans are known for their love of soccer, but which sport is the dominant sport for much of the Caribbean?

baseball

The practice of one family member at time being brought over to a new country is known as

chain migration

Maroon societies were composed of which group of people?

escaped slaves

What is the word for a state policy of reclaiming lost lands or lands inhabited by people of the same ethnicity in another state?

irredentism

Which of the following climate types characterizes both Paris and Belfast?

marine west coast

Where in Havana are the city's urban farms? Select all that apply.

on greenspace near national monuments converted for food production, on vacant land, rooftops, and balconies, in the city parks where some areas were converted to agricultural land

In Trinidad, discarded oil drums were used to make

steel pan drums

Which part of Europe is the region's unquestionable focus of intensive agriculture, large cities, and major industrial activities?

the European Lowland

What caused staple-food shortages in Cuba starting in the 1990s?

the collapse of the Soviet Union and an ongoing U.S. trade embargo

shields

there are 3 major shields in South America: guiana shield, Brazilian shield, and patagonia shield

Why did Japanese people migrate to Latin America?

to work in the coffee and sugar plantations and mines

Who primarily provided the crisis-mapping information in Haiti following the earthquake?

volunteers using social media to describe conditions in Port-au-Prince, which were displayed in a map environment

Spanish-American War (1898)

•Cuba got freedom from Spain •U.S. acquired Puerto Rico, Guam and the Philippines from Spain