Hackman & Oldham - Job Characteristics Model

Autonomy

Degree of freedom, independence and discretion an employee has regarding work and decisions

Task Identity

Degree to which a job involves doing a complete from beginning to end work with visible outcome

Task Significance

Degree to which the job has an significant impact on others - inside and outside company

Feedback

Degree to which the job provides the employee with clear and direct information about outcome and performance

Skill Variety

Degree to which the job requires the person to do different things, involvement of different skills and abilities

Aufgabe - Dreieck Responds to duties but annoyed by being over-controlled

Autonomy Experiences responbility Team-based work

Aufgabe - Dreieck Responds to duties but annoyed by work-limitations

Autonomy as missing core job characteristic to trigger critical psychological state of experienced responsibility Outcome: growth satisfaction Job Redesign, internvetion: job enlargement, job enrichment

Main Proposition

Based on the idea that the task itself is key to employee motivation. Employees will be more motivated and satisfied with their job - personal and professional- There are 5 core characteristics, which impact 3 critical psychological states.

Job Redesign Tools, interventions

Work simplification Job Enlargement Job Enrichment Job Rotation Team-based-work

3 critical psychological states

Meaningfulness Responsibility Knowledge of Results

Aufgabe Dreieck Too demanding job and organizational requirements

Work simplification needed, supervisor as coach Too high Skill variety Feedback missing >> Knowledge of results for work effectiveness

5 core job characteristics

Skill Variety Task Identity Task Significance Autonomy Feedback

Work simplification

breaking down work into small repetitive tasks

team-based work

given a team, rather than an individual a whole meaningful task, team members are empowered to decide amongst themselves how to accomplish the task

Job enlargement

horizontal loading,expanding a job's tasks and duties

job rotation

moving workers among different narrowly defined tasks w/o disrupting the work flow

job enrichment

vertical loading,putting specialized tasks back together so that one person is responsible for producing a whole product or service, increases responsibility and gives more opportunities for autonomy and feedback

Outcomes

work motivation, growth satisfaction, general satisfaction, work effectiveness