Hazard Exploration #3

Igneous rocks are best described as:

Formed by the cooling of molten (liquid) rock.

Which type of rock is in this photo? (the one with fossils)

d. Biologic Sedimentary

Choose the statement that best describes the Principle of Original Horizontality.

a. A principle of geology that states that layers of sediment are originally deposited horizontally under the action of gravity

Do a little fun internet searching, and identify the type of rock forming in the photo of a Hawaiian lava flow below:

a. Basalt pahoehoe

Name the type of rock forming in the photo below. Hint: it is formed by the lithification of sand and gravel deposited by the stream shown below.

a. Clastic sedimentary

Which of the following statements is LEAST true... The rock cycle describes: NOT ANSWER: (d.) the fate of meteorites that land on earth's surface

a. How matter on the earth is created and destroyed.

Describe the type of igneous rock rock and texture that you can see below in the photo. Hint: this rock does have crystals!

a. Volcanic and aphanitic, with fine crystals not visible to the naked eye

Clastic sedimentary rocks are best described as:

Made up of broken pieces eroded from other rocks (example: sandstone)

Chemical or biologic sedimentary rocks are best described as:

Made up of pieces of organisms shells (example: limestone)

According to the web pages provided above, where did the chert form?

(a.) it formed at the bottom of the ocean where sea surface temperatures were warm. It was then transported on land by plate movements.

Cooling on the earth's surface at a moderate to fast rate produces rock that:

Has very small crystals, like basalt

Which of the following substances qualifies as a mineral?

Ice

Which of the following statements best describes a volcanic igneous rock?

It cooled relatively quickly, so it is fine grained (has small-sized crystals).

Which of the following statements best describes a plutonic igneous rock?

It cooled slowly, so it is coarse grained (has large-sized crystals).

Chert found in cliffs of the Marin Headlands (and elsewhere!) is made of:

Microcrystalline quartz (silica) formed from radiolarian shells

Cooling lava at this rate produces rock:

With no crystals, because it is glassy (e.g., obsidian)

Describe the igneous rock type and texture shown in the photo. Select one: a. Volcanic and aphanitic, with fine crystals not visible to the naked eye b. Volcanic and porphyritic, with fine and coarse crystals visible to the naked eye c. Volcanic and phaneritic, with coarse crystals visible to the naked eye d. Plutonic and aphanitic, with fine crystals not visible to the naked eye e. Plutonic and phaneritic, with coarse crystals visible to the naked eye f. Plutonic and porphyritic, with fine and coarse crystals visible to the naked eye

b. Volcanic and porphyritic, with fine and coarse crystals visible to the naked eye

How does contact metamorphism of buried sedimentary rocks (in the purple zones) occur during this process?

c. By heat from nearby magma called an igneous intrusion.

What common rock does contact metamorphism of limestone create?

c. marble

Which type of igneous rock (plutonic or volcanic?) and texture (phaneritic, aphanitic, or porphyritic?) is shown in the photo?

d. Plutonic and phaneritic, with coarse crystals visible to the naked eye

Which relative dating principle states that sedimentary layers lower in a sequence are older than the sedimentary layers on top of (or overlying) them? NOT ANSWER: (b.) Principle of Cross-Cutting Relationships

d. Principle of superposition

What environment is NOT associated with formation of serpentinite? NOT ANSWER: (a.) circulation of thermal groundwater fluids

d. continental collision zones

Name the type of rock forming on the flat desert playa in the photo below. Note: it consists of many crystals of the same mineral, which is labeled in the close-up! Hint: look up halite on the internet to see what it is!

e. Chemical sedimentary

Which of these mass extinction corresponds with the end of life for the dinosaur population?

e. Cretaceous-tertiary Extinction

Which of the following statements is NOT true according to this diagram? Select one: a. Mafic oceanic crust is found at mid-oceanic ridges. b. Continents tend to be made of felsic or intermediate igneous rocks. c. Intermediate rocks on continents are usually found above subduction zones. d. If basalt is erupted on a continent, the lava came from deep in the earth, like from the mantle. (Not Answer) e. If felsic lava is erupted on a continent, the lava came from deep within the earth, like from the mantle.

e. If felsic lava is erupted on a continent, the lava came from deep within the earth, like from the mantle.