HAZMAT TECH 1 (COMPLETE)
Industrial
*GREEN CONNEX" Intended for materials with a LOW level of radiation that poses a limited hazard to the public and environment. The radioactive material may be LIQUID or SOLIDIFIED in such materials as concrete or glass. Industrial packages are not identified as such by PACKAGE, MARKINGS or on SHIPPING PAPERS.
Floating Roof Tank (Open Floating Roof Tank)
- Capacity: 50,000 to 1,000,000 gallons - Materials Examples: Stores flammable, combustible and corrosive liquids -Characteristics: Ladder to Roof, Roof actually floats on liquid surface.
Vapor Dome Roof Tank
- Capacity: Maximum of 8,500,00 gallons - Characteristics: o Some non-hazardous materials, such as Molasses and Fertilizer blends, may be stored in this style of tank o Vertical storage tank that has a giant bulge or dome on its top. o Attached to the underside of the dome is a flexible diaphragm that moves in conjunction with changes in Vapor pressure.
Floating Roof with Geodesic Dome
- Floating Roof = Roof you cannot see - Less space for liquids to turn into gasses - Capacity: 50, 000 to 1,000,000 gallons - Working Pressure: 0 to 0.5psig
Lifter Roof Tank (Covered Floating Roof Tank)
- Material Example: Flammable and Combustible Liquids (Class 3) - Characteristics: - Also referred to as an floating roof - Large vents found at top of the tank shell
Heat Transfer Process of Cryogenic Liquid Spills
- They will vaporize of expand rapidly - when temperature about (-130 Degrees F) - Expansion Ratio: 560-1445-1; the higher the expansion ratio the more gas produced and the larger the danger area becomes.
Cone Roof Tank
- Working Pressure: 0 to 0.5 psig - tank with permanently attached, sloped roof with WEAK SEAMS where the roof meets the sides
Cryogenic Liquid Tank Car
- insulated, placed under a vacuum, tank inside of a tank, no capacity, no visible fittings, cabinet underneath on middle of container, dished ends. -Contains: liquid argon, ethylene, hydrogen, nitrogen, and oxygen. - 25psi or less - -130 degree Fahrenheit
Pressure Tank Car
- protective housing (protective dome) - cars contain flammable gases, nonflammable gases, or poison gases. Capacity: o 4,000 to 45,000 gallons Pressure Range: o 100 to 600 psi
Carboys
- will not exceed 20 gallons; but are USUALLY one gallon. -Hazard Classes: 6, 8
Radioactive White 1 (Low)
.5 MREM/hr.
Radioactive Yellow 2 (Medium)
.5-50 MREM/hr.
Radioactive Yellow 3 (High)
50-200 MREM/hr.
Biological Immunoassay Indicators, DNA Fluroscopy, PCR and Hand Held Assays
? Measures Pathogenicity?
Geiger Counter
? Measures radioactivity
Combustible Gas Indicator
? Measures the presence of flammable vapors of hydrocarbons?
Intermodals
? containers consist of a single, metal tank mounted inside a sturdy, metal supporting frame that makes the tank multimodal (intermodal). ● Aluminum and magnesium alloy tanks are available, but CANNOT be used in water transport mode. ● Capacity markings located on the end of the tanks may include pressures, pounds, and kilograms. Load limits are listed in pounds and kilograms.
Flexible Containers (Super Sacks)
ALSO KNOWN AS "BULK BAG" Capacity: o Standard sizes range from 15 to 85 cubic feet. o Weight varies from 500 to 5,000 lbs. Material Examples: o Used to store and transport various items such as feed to powder chemicals.
Maps and Diagrams
Advantages: Gives someone who is not familiar with the incident location a fair representation of manmade structures and terrain. Disadvantages: May not be up to date and may be inaccurate.
Technical Information Centers
Advantages: Provides responder with valuable information during hazardous materials incidents. ex) CHEMTREC Disadvantages: May provide conflicting information. *Listings should be in LERP SOP.
Reference Manuals
Advantages: Reference manuals available to responders produced by various individuals, corporations, and federal agencies. Disadvantages: Contain slightly different viewpoints. Reference manuals emphasize information a little differently from one another.
Monitoring Equipment
Advantages: provides responders with critical information on the hazards present at a hazardous materials incident site. Disadvantages: Never rely on one piece of monitoring equipment. Use as many pieces of monitoring equipment necessary to effectively identify the hazards present.
Cryogenic Intermodal Tanks
Also known as IMO-7 Capacity: o 4,500 to 5,000 gallons Pressure Range o 25 psi or less Hazard classes: o 2.2
BLEVE
Boiling Liquid Vapor Expanding Explosion
Databases
CAMEO, CHRIS, RTECS, OHM-TADS
Cryogenic Liquid Cargo Tank
Capacity: o 5,000 to 14,000 gallons. Pressure Range: o Designed for 23.5 psi but no more than 500 psi Used to transport: o Cryogenic materials. Other/Characteristics: o Tank within a tank (double shelled). Tank = Inner Vessel Jacket = Outer Shell (insulation) o Ends are "dished" o Control valves are located in a compartment on theback or on the side just forward the trailer wheels. o Product is a gas that is cooled to at least --130o F until it becomes liquid
Cryogenic Liquid Cargo Tank
Capacity: o 5,000 to 14,000 gallons. Pressure Range: o Designed for 23.5 psi but no more than 500 psi Used to transport: o Cryogenic materials. Other/Characteristics: o Tank within a tank (double shelled). Tank = Inner Vessel Jacket = Outer Shell (insulation) o Ends are "dished" o Product is a gas that is cooled to at least --130o F until it becomes liquid.
Dry Bulk Cargo Tanks
Capacity: o Max capacity 1,500 cu. ft. Pressure Range: o Greater than 80 psi Used to Transport: o Fertilizers, oxidizers, grains, plastic products, food products,may include toxic materials Other/Characteristics: o Known as "Hopper Trailers" o "V" shaped bins o Pneumatically (Air) unloaded
Horizontal Tank (Atmosphere)
Capacity: o Range from 300 to 20,000 gallons Material Examples: o It is commonly used for bulk storage in conjunction with fuel-dispensing operations. o Can be used to store solvents, oxidizers, poison liquids, and corrosives
Rigid Containers (Polypropylene and Steel Tanks [Composite IBC])
Capacity: o Standard sizes range from 300 to 500 gallons and generally will not exceed 7,700 lbs. Other/Characteristics: o A polypropylene tank surrounded by a rigid metal frame with a fill port on top and a discharge port on the bottom.
Type A
Capacity: o Will not exceed 3,000 lbs o This packaging must be able to with stand heavy rain equal to 2 inches per hr, free dropping from 4 ft, and stacking test equal to the weight of the package for at least 24 hrs. Penetration by a dropped weight more than 1.5 inches diameter, weighing 13.2 lbs dropped from 40 inches (MUST WITHSTAND NORMAL DELIVERY INCIDENTS). Hazard Classes: o 7 Intended for materials with a higher level of radiation then allowed in excepted or industrial packages. Often with an inner containment vessel made of glass, plastic, or metal surrounded by packing material of polyethylene, rubber, vermiculite, or wood.
IM-101 (IMO Type 1 Internationally) Portable Tank
Capacity: o Will not exceed 6,300 gal. Pressure Range: o From 25.4 to 100 psi Hazard Classes: o 3,4,5,6,8
IM-102 (IMO Type 2 Internationally) Portable Tank
Capacity: o Will not exceed 6,300 gallons Pressure Range: o From 14.5 to 25.4 psi Hazard classes: o 3, 6, 8 Used to Transport: o WHISKEY, WINE
Cryogenic
Capacity: 500 to 20,000 gallons of product Working Pressure: Varying Pressures, but some can be very high (over 300 psi)
Pressure Vessle
Capacity: 500 to 40,000 gallons Working Pressure: 15psi and above Material Examples: flammable and non-flammable liquefied gases
Sphere
Capacity: 600,00 gallons Working Pressure: 0.5 to 15psig Material Examples: flammable and non-flammable liquefied gasses
Ton Container
Capacity: The name comes from the capability to transport one ton of CHLORINE. Characteristics: o Cylindrical pressure tanks approximately 3 ft in diameter and 8 ft long with convex or concave heads. o All fittings are in the heads, including fusible plugs (prevents BLEVE) and/or spring-loaded safety relief valves.
Pressure Intermodal Tank Containers
Characteristics: o Rounded Ends Pressure Range: o Gases liquefied under pressure 100 to 500 psi Used to Transport: o LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM, Anhydrous Ammonia
Hepatoxins
Chemicals that produce liver damage Signs/Symptoms: Jaundice and liver enlargement Chemicals: Carbon Tetra
Tube Modules
Contains: o Noble gases, no liquefied gas; just pressure gas Pressure Range o 3000 to 5000 psi Hazard Classes: o 2 Used to Transport: o Helium, Nitrogen, Oxygen - Contains a International Standard Organization Frame (ISO).
Dewar Flasks
Dewar flasks are containers within a container. INSULATING material and the use of a VACUUM SPACE keep the CRYOGENIC MATERIAL cooled and in a liquid state. Capacity: o 1 to 1000 liters Material Examples: o liquid argon, liquid nitrogen, and liquid oxygen * Transportation method for cryogenic materials
Drums
Drums come in a variety of sizes and can be made up of metal, fiberboard, or plastic. Open head drums have removable tops, no noticeable openings and are designed for solids. Closed head drums have non-removable top, noticeable openings, and designed for liquids. Capacity: o Over pack drums have an 85- gallon capacity
Excepted
Extremely Low levels of Radiation Packaging and transportation requirements should be of reasonable strength Packaging ranges from fiberboard box to sturdier wooden or steel crate Packages are not identified as such by package markings or on shipping papers.
CDC Lab
Gold Standard
Intermediate Bulk Containers
IBC
above ground, below ground, inside of buildings
Installed Fixed Facility storage tanks?
High Pressure Cargo Tanks
MC 331 Capacity: o 2,500 to 11,500 gallons. Pressure Range: o 100 to 500 psi Used to Transport: o Liquefied compressed gases such as propane. Other/Characteristics: o Hemispherical or ellipsoidal ends or head.
EPA Registration Number
Manufacturer - Product - Distributer
Type C
Most Hazardous Amount of Radiation Life Threatening
Technical Information Specialists
Network of people with technical knowledge. Advantages: Expertise and education Disadvantages: May be difficult to contact. No individual is likely to have all of the answers.
IM 101/102
On the Test which transport containers will not have a picture?
Compressed Gas Tube Trailers
Pressures Range: o From 3,000 to 5,000 psi. Used to Transport: o Bulk non-liquefied compressed gasses. Other/Characteristics: o Seamless steel cylinders 9 to 48 inches in diameter,multiple cylinders are stacked and manifolded together permanently mounted on a trailer. o All cylinders contain the same material, independently piped. (independently piped to a manifold) o Fill and discharge of products are done through a manifold header
Fusible Plugs
Prevents rupture if container is exposed to high temps, like a fire. Has a metal core that is designed to melt at a temperature between 158 Degrees F and 165 Degrees F
Type B
Protects materials with higher radioactivity levels, including spent nuclear fuel. steel casks that can weigh more than 125 tons. This packaging must be able to withstand 30 ft drop so that the package's weakest point is hit.
Activity
Rate of Decay
Non-pressure Liquid Cargo Tanks
TC 406 Pressure Range: o Maximum allowable working pressure (MAWP) Greater than 3 psi and no more than 5 psi Hazard Classes: o 3 (Flammable and Combustible Liquids) Used to Transport: o Fuel oil, gasoline, alcohol, flammable / combustible liquids Other/Characteristics: o Large oval ends / elliptical cross-sections o Underbelly outlets
Low Pressure Chemical Tanks
TC 407 Capacity: o From 2,000 to 7,000 gallons. Pressure Range: o Internal vapor pressure 18 psi 100oF o Low pressure is considered to be less than 40 psi 70oF. Used to Transport: o Fertilizers, oxidizers, grains, plastic products, foodproducts, may include toxic materials Other/Characteristics: o Round Cylindrical or horseshoe shape o Common construction is double-shelled with insulation,featuring one or two compartments with overturn protection.
Corrosive Liquid Cargo Tanks
TC 412 Pressure Range: o From 35psi to 50psi Characteristics o Coated with a BLACK TAR LIKE MATERIAL
Non-pressure, pressure, cryogenic
Types of Fixed Facility storage tanks?
Cylinders
Usually metal and can hold a variety of materials but usually hold chemicals or gasses under pressure. - A relief valve or frangible disc provides protection in case of fire or overpressure. Capacity: will not exceed 1000 pounds of water capacity. Working Pressure: Range from a few pound per square inch to several thousand pounds per square inch.
PIDs and FIDs
What measures Toxic Levels (Toxicity)?
Specification Markings
What will indicate that standards were followed when tank car was constructed. It will be stenciled on BOTH sides of the tank (opposite sides and front)? ○ Approving authority ○ Class number ○ separator/delimiter character ○ Tank test pressure ○ Type of material used in construction ○ Type of weld used ○ fittings/material/lining
Hazmat Technician
Who will be able to identify railcar shapes, specifications, construction, markings and materials that might indicate the presence of hazmat?
Noded Spheroid
Working Pressure: 0.5 to 15psig
Spheroid
Working Pressure: 0.5 to 15psig Material Examples: LPG, methane, propane, and other light gases. it may also contain flammable liquids such as gasoline and crude oil
Bags
can be many sizes and carry many different products, from food to poisons. Cannot carry gases, liquids, or radioactives.
First Step for Determining the likely extent of the Physical Safety and health within the endangered area
determine the concentration (monitoring equipment etc)
Empty
empty packages but may have less than .5mrem/hour detectable outside the package
Transport Index (TI)
from 1-10 based on max rad level a 1 meter from the package.
Vertical Bars
from 1-3. Indicates level of radioactivity (1 is lowest, 3 is highest). Labels 2 and 3 will have a transport index box. Level 3 requires the vehicle to be placarded.
Corrosivity
pH-Litmus Dye, pH Paper, and pH Meters Measure what?
Non Pressure Tank Cars
will have either no pressure or low pressure, and are also known as general service or low pressure tank cars. These tank cars will commonly carry flammable/combustible liquids, flammable solids, oxidizers, organic peroxides, corrosives, poisons, and molten solids. - Pressures range from 60 to 100 psi - Capacities range from 4,000 to 45,000 gallons
Combustible Gas Indicator
○ Capabilities: - designed to measure the relative flammability of gases and to determine the percent of the lower explosive limit (LEL) - MEASURES THE CONCENTRATION OF A COMBUSTIBLE GAS OR VAPOR IN THE ATMOSPHERE -used to determine the presence of flammable vapors of hydrocarbon products. ○ Limitations: - intended for use in normal atmospheres. will affect readings if oxygen levels are deficient - warm-up period to heat up platinum catalyst -operating filament is damaged by certain materials including silicone, tetraethyl lead, and acid gases; some problems can be reduced through use of filters and water traps between instrument and sampling tube ○ Uses: Operates by catalytic combustion, where a sample is drawn across a surface of HEATED PLATINUM. -Heated surface is connected to an electrical circuit known as a WHEATSTONE BRIDGE. - Calibrate IAW device specifications
Flame Ionization Detector
○ Capabilities: - detects for organic compounds. hydrocarbons such as butane/hexane ○ Limitations: can only detect components which can be burned; FID destroys most of all the components its detecting
DNA Fluoroscopy
○ Capabilities: - identifies specific DNA sequences, which enables it to detect and identify different biological agents - capability to quantitative monitoring of DNA replication in a Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) apparatus. ○ Limitations: on-scene field detection is presumptive. The "gold standard" continues to be a laboratory capable of identifying pathogens. CDC lab.
Electrochemical Cells (Carbon Monoxide Meters)
○ Capabilities: -Measures the concentration of carbon monoxide -provides immediate results ○ Limitations: - Limited in that it measures Carbon Monoxide - The meter may not indicate whether an area is oxygen deficient. -does not indicate the percent of the lower explosive limit
Oxygen Meter
○ Capabilities: -Oxygen deficient and enriched atmospheres -measures the percentage of oxygen in the atmosphere - should measure oxygen deficient AND rich atmospheres - Can be an individual unit or combined with a CGI. ○ Limitations: -some materials will indicate a high or normal level of oxygen, when actual atmosphere may be oxygen deficient - cold temperatures can delay movement of the meter. - must be calibrated prior to use for altitude and barometric pressure. - High carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations can shorten the life of the oxygen sensor. - does not indicate gas toxicity and any gas that is replacing oxygen
pH Meters
○ Capabilities: -measures acidity or alkalinity of a corrosive material -more accurate than paper strips and are commercially available ○ Limitations: - probes must be thoroughly rinsed with distilled water before and after each calibration and use - must be in close proximity to the material - can be affected by oils or other contaminants
Test Strips
○ Capabilities: -tests for chemical agents -instantly detects common chemical agents in the atmosphere or surface liquid ○ Limitations: readings need to be verified by another instrument
Reagents
○ Capabilities: a substance or solution combined with a material causing a chemical reaction ○ Limitations: only for specific chemical and biological materials
Surface Acoustical Wave (SAW)
○ Capabilities: able to detect the presence of blister and nerve agents at the same time! ○ Limitations: most units must be touched by finger, gloved hand, or soft stylus; not completely sealable; high cost
Ion Mobility Spectroscopy
○ Capabilities: capable of detecting and identifying very low concentrations of chemicals based upon the differential migration of gas phase ions through a homogeneous electric field.
Metal Oxide Sensor
○ Capabilities: change the concentration of gaseous chemical species into electrical signals; quantifying compounds in concentration below less than one part per million (PPM); sensitive enough to pinpoint small leaks in pipes ○ Limitations: can only detect a small number of chemicals ○ Use: designed to detect specific chemicals
pH Paper Strips
○ Capabilities: chemical reaction changes the color of the detection paper ○ Limitations: - false positives are possible - must have accurate color perception
Wet Chemistry
○ Capabilities: chemistry is done in the liquid phase; also known as "bench chemistry"
Colorimetric Detector Tubes
○ Capabilities: detects specific gases and vapors ○ Limitations: - used to determine if a specific chemical is present but will not provide specific quantitative results - not able to interchange manufacturers tubes - false positives - interpreting the color change to determine the concentration of the material present may also be difficult.
Radiation Detection and Measurement Instruments
○ Capabilities: monitor alpha, beta, gamma, neutron ○ Limitations: no response does not equal clean; the most common only measure gamma rays and will detect, but not measure other types of rad; passive dosimeters are product specific and other chemicals may interfere with their readings ○ Use: number of probes available with the Geiger-Mueller being most common. Designed to differentiate between gamma and beta. Will not detect alpha.
Photoionization Detector
○ Capabilities: organic and some inorganic gases and vapors; detects total concentration of numerous organic and some inorganic gases and vapors; is usually a common measuring/survey device, but if sample is known, the unit can be calibrated for specific chemicals. ○ LImitations: radio frequencies, power lines, and transformers may affect response. Dust and high humidity can block the transmission of UV light causing a reduction in the reading.
Gamma Spectrometer (Radiation Isotope Identification Device-- RIID)
○ Capabilities: performs qualitative and quantitative analysis of gamma radiation capable of identifying gamma-emitting isotopes
Raman Spectroscopy (Ahura)
○ Capabilities: rapid identification of potentially hazmat such as explosives...etc. ○ Limitations: do not use external laser on flammable, explosive materials that are DARK!
Biological Immunoassay Indicators (Hand Held Assays)
○ Capabilities: tests for anthrax, ricin, etc; quick and accurate and can be used on-site and in lab to detect specific molecules ○ Limitations: false negatives and false positives are possible
Infrared Spectroscopy
○ Capabilities: tests for solids, liquids and pastes ○ Limitations: can not definitely identify biological agents, metals, and nonmetals, and simple ionic salts ○ Use: chemicals absorb infrared light, the pattern of absorption is unique to a chemical, pattern is called a spectrum
Gas Chromatograph/Mass Spectrometer (GC/MS)
○ Capabilities: used to analyze the molecular and ionic composition of chemical compounds; GC-MS has been widely proclaimed as a "gold standard" in a laboratory environment for forensic substance identification because it is used to perform a specific test. ○ Limitations: high cost, false positives and negatives
Flammability
○ Monitoring technology: CGI ■ Combustible gas indicator (CGI) can be used to determine the presence of flammable vapors of hydrocarbon products.
Pathogenicity (Biological Material)
○ Monitoring technology: biological immunoassay indicators, DNA fluoroscopy, PCR and hand held assays ○ Pathogenicity is the virulence of a pathogen. ○ Virulence refers to how ill an individual may become ○ The "gold standard" is a laboratory capable of identifying pathogens (CDC lab)
Radioactivity
○ Monitoring technology: geiger counter (beta and gamma), dosimeter thermoluminescent dosimeter (TLD) ○ Monitor alpha, beta, gamma, neutron
Oxygen Deficiency
○ Monitoring technology: oxygen meters and photoionization detectors ○ Alarm will sound on the meter if oxygen drops below 19.5%
Oxidation Potential
○ Oxygen meters and oxygen detectors (only tests oxygen!!!) ○ The more readily a material gives up its oxygen molecule, the greater the hazard presents (i.e. oxidizing agents)
Identifying Unknown Solid and Liquid Materials
● Identify the steps in an analysis process for identifying an unknown atmosphere ○ Wear level A protective clothing ○ Approach cautiously from upwind ○ Measure in the following order (RCOpHCO) ■ Radioactivity ■ Combustibility ■ Oxygen availability/deficiency ■ pH, if liquid ■ Hydrogen sulfide (if in areas of or adjacent to petroleum refining) ■ Carbon monoxide ■ Organic vapors
Pipelines
● Use of "pigs" (pipeline inspection gauge) to separate the products ● Below or above ground ● Must have markings, contact number, etc ● Closures: remote shut off devices located along pipeline, may be electronically monitored ● Ownership ○ Procedures for checking the gas migration ○ Accomplished by a computerized system called the Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition System (SCADA) ○ Pipeline maps can greatly assist when checking for gas migration!