hc21 muscle
Hyperextension is extending a joint past ____ degrees.
180
Identify the frontalis.
A-forehead
When calcium moves through the channels and into the axon terminals, what is released from the synaptic vesicles?
ACh
ADP combines with a phosphate, and with the help of an enzyme called ATPase, _______ is formed.
ATP
Which of the following is one of the seven criteria for naming muscles?.
Action or function
_________ is bringing a body part toward the midline.
Adduction
_____________ are wide sheets of connective tissue that anchor a muscle or connect it with the part of the body that the muscle moves.
Aponeuroses
Which is an example of a muscle named for the number of points of origin?
Biceps
What are the three types of muscles?
Cardiac, skeletal, and smooth
Which of the following is one of the seven criteria for naming muscles?
Direction
Identify the orbicularis oris muscle.
E- lips
It is possible to grow more muscle fibers.
False
The posterior trunk muscles consist of the shoulder and abdominal girdle muscles.
False
Which muscles are primarily responsible for plantar flexion?
Fibularis muscles, gastrocnemius, and soleus
___________ brings two bones closer together, decreasing the angle between them.
Flexion
Which joints are the gluteus maximus, gluteus medius, iliopsoas, and adductors responsible for moving?
Hips
Which joint are the quadriceps, hamstrings, and sartorius responsible for moving?
Knee
_________ is also known as side bending.
Lateral flexion
What are the three functions of muscles?
Movement, structural support, and heat generation
What do muscles do when they contract?
Muscles become shorter and tighter when they contract.
How many nuclei does smooth muscle contain?
One, they are uninucleate.
Which is NOT a benefit of physical activity?
Reduced hair loss
_________ is a circular movement that occurs around a central axis or point
Rotation
Which is true about the three types of muscles?
Skeletal muscles are voluntary, cardiac and smooth muscles are involuntary.
Which is an example of a muscle name based on size?
Teres major
The actin protein is found in which filament type?
Thin
Circumduction involves a combination of flexion, extension, adduction, and abduction to create a rotation movement.
True
Muscles provide regulation and movement to the body.
True
The anterior trunk muscles include the chest and abdominal girdle muscles.
True
Smooth muscles facilitate movement through the body with _________.
a long, sustained, and rhythmic pattern of alternating contractions.
The flexibility of the muscles prevents all the following EXCEPT ________.
aging of muscles
During contraction, the internal chambers of the heart become smaller, which forces roughly 50-75 percent of the blood into the __________.
arteries
Smooth muscles appear in the walls of your hollow organs, like your stomach and _______.
bladder
The sole purpose of cardiac muscle is to pump blood out of your heart to the rest of your ______.
body
Skeletal muscles typically attach to the _______ of the skeleton.
bones
The pectoralis major is a paired muscle forming the ________.
chest
The ability of muscles to shorten muscle fibers forcefully is called ________ .
contractility
Muscular strength is how much force a muscle can use during a single ________.
contraction
When a muscle receives an impulse from the nervous system, it reacts and becomes short and thick. This production of force is called _______.
contraction
Skeletal muscle cells are long and _______.
cylindrical
The ability of the muscle to return to its original length after stretching is called ______.
elasticity
The brachialis lies deeper than the biceps and functions to flex the ________.
elbow
Smooth muscles have connective tissue between the cells called ___________.
endomysium
The three layers of connective tissues include the epimysium, perimysium, and _______.
endomysium
Aerobic exercise improves your cardiovascular ________.
endurance
When the muscle responds to stimulation by hormones or nerves, it is called _________ .
excitability
During ________ body movement, the bones move away from each other, increasing the angle or space between the bones.
extension
The change in the electrical charge of the muscle __________ produces an electrical current; this is the action potential.
fiber
Smooth and skeletal muscles both contain elongated muscle ______.
fibers
Organelles within the muscle cell are named using the prefix sarco-, meaning ______.
flesh
The body regions and bones a muscle is associated with can help you remember the _____ of that muscle.
function
In the first step of the anaerobic glycolysis system, glycogen is converted back into _______.
glucose
The location of cardiac muscle is in the ________.
heart
The stimulus that causes a muscle to contract is a(n) ________.
impulse
When you exercise, you ____________.
increase the size of existing muscle fibers.
Muscles can be named by their point of origin or point of _______.
insertion
The point of __________ is attached to the bone that will be moving.
insertion
The masseter functions to move your mandible so that you can close your ________.
jaw
The three layers of connective tissue that wrap skeletal muscle include all the following EXCEPT ______.
mesoderm
Skeletal muscle cells contain two to three times more _______ than other cells in the body.
mitochondria
The impulse that stimulates a muscle comes from a ________ of the nervous system.
motor neuron
Isotonic contractions create _______ in your body.
movement
The alternation between muscle contraction and relaxation is what produces _______.
movement
Skeletal muscle cells are _________.
multinucleate
Contraction in a muscle occurs from the stimulation of _________.
muscle fibers
Skeletal muscle cells are elongated and referred to as ________.
muscle fibers
Skeletal muscles are bundles of individual ___________.
muscle fibers
The cardiac muscle is sometimes referred to as the __________.
myocardium
The sarcoplasmic reticulum is the net-like structure surrounding each _______.
myofibril
A myofibril is a bundle of threadlike fibers called ______.
myofilaments
Cardiac and skeletal muscles share a similar inner construction/structure that contains fibers with alternating thick and thin elements, called _____________, which gives them the ability to contract.
myofilaments
The ________ muscles are typically short, attaching from near the bottom of the face and skull to the upper parts of the shoulder and chest.
neck
For skeletal muscles to contract, the muscular system and the _______ system must work together.
nervous
This girdle of abdominal muscles forms a wall around the _______ to contain and protect them.
organs
The point of ________ holds the muscle in place and is on the bone that doesn't move during movement.
origin
When you see the prefixes tri- or quad- used, this describes how many ______ the muscle contains.
origins
The ATP-PC creation pathway does NOT require ______.
oxygen
Individual muscle fibers are wrapped in a connective tissue called _________.
perimysium????
The ATP molecule contains adenosine and three (tri) _______ groups.
phosphate
When the nerve impulse ends, the muscle returns to its original length, which is called ___________.
relaxation
In a skeletal muscle, beneath the endomysium is a plasma membrane called the _______.
sarcolemma
Muscles react to stimuli with graded responses. These responses determine how much a muscle will ______ during contraction.
shorten
Concentric contractions are when the muscle as a whole _______.
shortens
The zygomaticus is your _______ muscle.
smiling
The motor neuron lives in the _________, but it has axons that extend to the muscle.
spinal cord
Smooth muscle fibers are fusiform or ________-shaped.
spindle
The amount of _______ sent from the nervous system affects how smoothly a muscle will contract.
stimulation
The cardiac muscles are thick, and the muscle fibers making up this muscle have a striated, or _______, appearance.
striped
At the end of the action potential process, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) enzymes start to break down the remainder of the ACh enzymes in the _________________________.
synaptic cleft
Cardiac, smooth, and skeletal muscles differ in three specific ways except for _____.
temperature
The temporalis muscle makes up the area around your ________.
temples
Skeletal muscles typically attach to bones through ______
tendons
The epimysium is a layer of connective tissue that surrounds the muscle itself. This connective tissue is a tough outer coat that extends past the muscle's tapering ends and blends into the _______.
tendons
Because muscles cannot get ATP from blood or other tissues, they must create it. One way they do this is through ________.
the ATP-PC system
The orbicularis oculi is a circular muscle around ________.
the eye
When the ATP breaks down, one of the phosphate groups splits away from the ATP molecule and releases energy for cells. This leaves a molecule with just adenosine and ______ phosphate groups.
two
Smooth muscles are also referred to as ________ muscles.
visceral
External movement is associated with _________ movement.
voluntary
Skeletal muscles are _________ and help create body movement.
voluntary