hc21 muscle

Hyperextension is extending a joint past ____ degrees.

180

Identify the frontalis.

A-forehead

When calcium moves through the channels and into the axon terminals, what is released from the synaptic vesicles?

ACh

ADP combines with a phosphate, and with the help of an enzyme called ATPase, _______ is formed.

ATP

Which of the following is one of the seven criteria for naming muscles?.

Action or function

_________ is bringing a body part toward the midline.

Adduction

_____________ are wide sheets of connective tissue that anchor a muscle or connect it with the part of the body that the muscle moves.

Aponeuroses

Which is an example of a muscle named for the number of points of origin?

Biceps

What are the three types of muscles?

Cardiac, skeletal, and smooth

Which of the following is one of the seven criteria for naming muscles?

Direction

Identify the orbicularis oris muscle.

E- lips

It is possible to grow more muscle fibers.

False

The posterior trunk muscles consist of the shoulder and abdominal girdle muscles.

False

Which muscles are primarily responsible for plantar flexion?

Fibularis muscles, gastrocnemius, and soleus

___________ brings two bones closer together, decreasing the angle between them.

Flexion

Which joints are the gluteus maximus, gluteus medius, iliopsoas, and adductors responsible for moving?

Hips

Which joint are the quadriceps, hamstrings, and sartorius responsible for moving?

Knee

_________ is also known as side bending.

Lateral flexion

What are the three functions of muscles?

Movement, structural support, and heat generation

What do muscles do when they contract?

Muscles become shorter and tighter when they contract.

How many nuclei does smooth muscle contain?

One, they are uninucleate.

Which is NOT a benefit of physical activity?

Reduced hair loss

_________ is a circular movement that occurs around a central axis or point

Rotation

Which is true about the three types of muscles?

Skeletal muscles are voluntary, cardiac and smooth muscles are involuntary.

Which is an example of a muscle name based on size?

Teres major

The actin protein is found in which filament type?

Thin

Circumduction involves a combination of flexion, extension, adduction, and abduction to create a rotation movement.

True

Muscles provide regulation and movement to the body.

True

The anterior trunk muscles include the chest and abdominal girdle muscles.

True

Smooth muscles facilitate movement through the body with _________.

a long, sustained, and rhythmic pattern of alternating contractions.

The flexibility of the muscles prevents all the following EXCEPT ________.

aging of muscles

During contraction, the internal chambers of the heart become smaller, which forces roughly 50-75 percent of the blood into the __________.

arteries

Smooth muscles appear in the walls of your hollow organs, like your stomach and _______.

bladder

The sole purpose of cardiac muscle is to pump blood out of your heart to the rest of your ______.

body

Skeletal muscles typically attach to the _______ of the skeleton.

bones

The pectoralis major is a paired muscle forming the ________.

chest

The ability of muscles to shorten muscle fibers forcefully is called ________ .

contractility

Muscular strength is how much force a muscle can use during a single ________.

contraction

When a muscle receives an impulse from the nervous system, it reacts and becomes short and thick. This production of force is called _______.

contraction

Skeletal muscle cells are long and _______.

cylindrical

The ability of the muscle to return to its original length after stretching is called ______.

elasticity

The brachialis lies deeper than the biceps and functions to flex the ________.

elbow

Smooth muscles have connective tissue between the cells called ___________.

endomysium

The three layers of connective tissues include the epimysium, perimysium, and _______.

endomysium

Aerobic exercise improves your cardiovascular ________.

endurance

When the muscle responds to stimulation by hormones or nerves, it is called _________ .

excitability

During ________ body movement, the bones move away from each other, increasing the angle or space between the bones.

extension

The change in the electrical charge of the muscle __________ produces an electrical current; this is the action potential.

fiber

Smooth and skeletal muscles both contain elongated muscle ______.

fibers

Organelles within the muscle cell are named using the prefix sarco-, meaning ______.

flesh

The body regions and bones a muscle is associated with can help you remember the _____ of that muscle.

function

In the first step of the anaerobic glycolysis system, glycogen is converted back into _______.

glucose

The location of cardiac muscle is in the ________.

heart

The stimulus that causes a muscle to contract is a(n) ________.

impulse

When you exercise, you ____________.

increase the size of existing muscle fibers.

Muscles can be named by their point of origin or point of _______.

insertion

The point of __________ is attached to the bone that will be moving.

insertion

The masseter functions to move your mandible so that you can close your ________.

jaw

The three layers of connective tissue that wrap skeletal muscle include all the following EXCEPT ______.

mesoderm

Skeletal muscle cells contain two to three times more _______ than other cells in the body.

mitochondria

The impulse that stimulates a muscle comes from a ________ of the nervous system.

motor neuron

Isotonic contractions create _______ in your body.

movement

The alternation between muscle contraction and relaxation is what produces _______.

movement

Skeletal muscle cells are _________.

multinucleate

Contraction in a muscle occurs from the stimulation of _________.

muscle fibers

Skeletal muscle cells are elongated and referred to as ________.

muscle fibers

Skeletal muscles are bundles of individual ___________.

muscle fibers

The cardiac muscle is sometimes referred to as the __________.

myocardium

The sarcoplasmic reticulum is the net-like structure surrounding each _______.

myofibril

A myofibril is a bundle of threadlike fibers called ______.

myofilaments

Cardiac and skeletal muscles share a similar inner construction/structure that contains fibers with alternating thick and thin elements, called _____________, which gives them the ability to contract.

myofilaments

The ________ muscles are typically short, attaching from near the bottom of the face and skull to the upper parts of the shoulder and chest.

neck

For skeletal muscles to contract, the muscular system and the _______ system must work together.

nervous

This girdle of abdominal muscles forms a wall around the _______ to contain and protect them.

organs

The point of ________ holds the muscle in place and is on the bone that doesn't move during movement.

origin

When you see the prefixes tri- or quad- used, this describes how many ______ the muscle contains.

origins

The ATP-PC creation pathway does NOT require ______.

oxygen

Individual muscle fibers are wrapped in a connective tissue called _________.

perimysium????

The ATP molecule contains adenosine and three (tri) _______ groups.

phosphate

When the nerve impulse ends, the muscle returns to its original length, which is called ___________.

relaxation

In a skeletal muscle, beneath the endomysium is a plasma membrane called the _______.

sarcolemma

Muscles react to stimuli with graded responses. These responses determine how much a muscle will ______ during contraction.

shorten

Concentric contractions are when the muscle as a whole _______.

shortens

The zygomaticus is your _______ muscle.

smiling

The motor neuron lives in the _________, but it has axons that extend to the muscle.

spinal cord

Smooth muscle fibers are fusiform or ________-shaped.

spindle

The amount of _______ sent from the nervous system affects how smoothly a muscle will contract.

stimulation

The cardiac muscles are thick, and the muscle fibers making up this muscle have a striated, or _______, appearance.

striped

At the end of the action potential process, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) enzymes start to break down the remainder of the ACh enzymes in the _________________________.

synaptic cleft

Cardiac, smooth, and skeletal muscles differ in three specific ways except for _____.

temperature

The temporalis muscle makes up the area around your ________.

temples

Skeletal muscles typically attach to bones through ______

tendons

The epimysium is a layer of connective tissue that surrounds the muscle itself. This connective tissue is a tough outer coat that extends past the muscle's tapering ends and blends into the _______.

tendons

Because muscles cannot get ATP from blood or other tissues, they must create it. One way they do this is through ________.

the ATP-PC system

The orbicularis oculi is a circular muscle around ________.

the eye

When the ATP breaks down, one of the phosphate groups splits away from the ATP molecule and releases energy for cells. This leaves a molecule with just adenosine and ______ phosphate groups.

two

Smooth muscles are also referred to as ________ muscles.

visceral

External movement is associated with _________ movement.

voluntary

Skeletal muscles are _________ and help create body movement.

voluntary