HCI201
198__ Concerned with the nature of cognitive phenomena across individuals, artifacts, and internal and external representations
(Hutchins, 1995)-Distributed cognition
628__ Many people have erroneous mental models
(Kempton, 1996)
597__ Lead people into false sense of belief, enticing them to confide personal secrets with chatterbots
(e.g. Alice) -Disadvantages of Virtual characters
102__ Attributing human-like qualities to inanimate objects
(e.g. cars, computers)- Anthropomorphism
1012__ The various coordinating mechanisms that are used
(e.g., rules, procedures)- What�s involved
415__ Focuses on the pleasurable aspects of our interactions with products
(i) physio-pleasure, (ii) socio-pleasure, (iii) psycho-pleasure, (iv) ideo-pleasure (cognitive)
1237__ email, newsgroups, texting
(of Asynchronouscomputermediated communication)
1043__ They use: verbal and non-verbal communication, schedules, rules, and conventions, shared external representations
- Coordination mechanisms
581__ It is important to stress that it is a description of the user interface but a structure outlining the conceMARK and the relationships between them
. FALSE
15__ ...involves linking the categories and subcategories into a theory, and as theory building is quite complex
. Selective coding.
2__ ... in which each expert typically spends 1�2 hours independently inspecting the product, using the heuristics for guidance.
. evaluation period
1048__ Three levels of �coding�
1-Open: identify categories-Grounded Theory
1115__ User-centered design rests on three principles
1. Early focus on users and tasks
1061__ Two aims
1. Understand as much as possible about users, task, context
47__ According to Norman, how many kind of affordance are there?
2
114__ Based on heuristics distilled from an empirical analysis of ... usability problems
249
483__ How many types of interaction designer can have with a product/system
4
1__ (Robson, 2002). Robson suggests the �. steps for an interview
5
579__ It is considered that �. users is an acceptable number to test in a usability study (Dumas and Redish, 1999),
5�12
1082__ Usability is broken down into
6 goals
434__ From Flickr�s website (2005): �is almost certainly the best online photo management and sharing application in the world�
A claim
1166__ What is a conceptual model?
A high-level description of how a system is organized and operates
377__ Experts have biases
Advantages and problems:Biggest problems
633__ Many trivial problems are often identified
Advantages and problems:Biggest problems
1168__ What is benefit of metaphor
All the above
507__ In a nutshell, what do a conceptual model provide
All the above
439__ GOMS, Keystroke Level Model, & Fitts� Law predict expert, error-free performance
Analytical evaluation
638__ May miss key problems & identify false ones
Analytical evaluation
823__ Relatively inexpensive because no users
Analytical evaluation
133__ Briefing session to tell experts what to do
Analytical evaluation:3 stages for doing heuristic evaluation
1099__ Use the web and other resources to research claims that heuristic evaluation often identifies problems that are not serious and may not even be problems
Analytical evaluation:A project for you �
1216__ Write a brief statement arguing your position
Analytical evaluation:A project for you �
248__ Decide whether you agree or disagree
Analytical evaluation:A project for you �
793__ Provide practical evidence & evidence from the literature to support your position
Analytical evaluation:A project for you �
127__ Best experts have knowledge of application domain & users
Analytical evaluation:Advantages and problems
145__ Can be difficult & expensive to find experts
Analytical evaluation:Advantages and problems
396__ Few ethical & practical issues to consider because users not involved
Analytical evaluation:Advantages and problems
256__ Describe how to perform GOMS and Fitts� Law, and when to use them
Analytical evaluation:Aims
303__ Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of analytical evaluation
Analytical evaluation:Aims
379__ Explain how to do doing heuristic evaluation and walkthroughs
Analytical evaluation:Aims
871__ Show how heuristic evaluation can be adapted to evaluate different products
Analytical evaluation:Aims
1017__ Then there is managed discussion that leads to agreed decisions
Analytical evaluation:Cognitive walkthroughs
267__ Designer presents an aspect of the design & usage scenarios
Analytical evaluation:Cognitive walkthroughs
375__ Expert is told the assumptions about user population, context of use, task details
Analytical evaluation:Cognitive walkthroughs
376__ Experts are guided by 3 questions
Analytical evaluation:Cognitive walkthroughs
413__ Focus on ease of learning
Analytical evaluation:Cognitive walkthroughs
713__ One of more experts walk through the design prototype with the scenario
Analytical evaluation:Cognitive walkthroughs
743__ Performed by a carefully managed team
Analytical evaluation:Cognitive walkthroughs
951__ The approach lends itself well to participatory design
Analytical evaluation:Cognitive walkthroughs
994__ The panel of experts begins by working separately
Analytical evaluation:Cognitive walkthroughs
472__ Heuristic evaluation is referred to as discount evaluation when 5 evaluators are used
Analytical evaluation:Discount evaluation
407__ Fitts� Law is useful for evaluating systems for which the time to locate an object is important
Analytical evaluation:Fitts� Law (Fitts, 1954)
408__ Fitts� Law predicts that the time to point at an object using a device is a function of the distance from the target object & the object�s size
Analytical evaluation:Fitts� Law (Fitts, 1954)
974__ The further away & the smaller the object, the longer the time to locate it and point to it
Analytical evaluation:Fitts� Law (Fitts, 1954)
449__ Goals - the state the user wants to achieve
Analytical evaluation:GOMS
649__ Methods - the procedures for accomplishing the goals
Analytical evaluation:GOMS
722__ Operators - the cognitive processes & physical actions needed to attain the goals
Analytical evaluation:GOMS
856__ Selection rules - decide which method to select when there is more than one
Analytical evaluation:GOMS
1038__ These heuristics have been revised for current technology
Analytical evaluation:Heuristic evaluation
115__ Based on heuristics distilled from an empirical analysis of 249 usability problems
Analytical evaluation:Heuristic evaluation
259__ Design guidelines form a basis for developing heuristics
Analytical evaluation:Heuristic evaluation
284__ Developed Jacob Nielsen in the early 1990s
Analytical evaluation:Heuristic evaluation
474__ Heuristics being developed for mobile devices, wearables, virtual worlds, etc
Analytical evaluation:Heuristic evaluation
1144__ Walkthroughs involve stepping through a pre-planned scenario noting potential problems
Analytical evaluation:Inspections
373__ Expert critiques (crits) can be formal or informal reports
Analytical evaluation:Inspections
378__ Experts use their knowledge of users & technology to review software usability
Analytical evaluation:Inspections
471__ Heuristic evaluation is a review guided by a set of heuristics
Analytical evaluation:Inspections
438__ GOMS has also been developed to provide a quantitative model - the keystroke level model
Analytical evaluation:Keystroke level model
983__ The keystroke model allows predictions to be made about how long it takes an expert user to perform a task
Analytical evaluation:Keystroke level model
208__ Consistency and standards
Analytical evaluation:Nielsen�s heuristics
330__ Empirical evidence suggests that on average 5 evaluators identify 75-80% of usability problems
Analytical evaluation:Nielsen�s heuristics
343__ Error prevention
Analytical evaluation:Nielsen�s heuristics
411__ Flexibility and efficiency of use
Analytical evaluation:Nielsen�s heuristics
467__ Help users recognize, diagnose, recover from errors
Analytical evaluation:Nielsen�s heuristics
57__ Aesthetic and minimalist design
Analytical evaluation:Nielsen�s heuristics
817__ Recognition rather than recall
Analytical evaluation:Nielsen�s heuristics
1138__ Variation on the cognitive walkthrough theme
Analytical evaluation:Pluralistic walkthrough
1105__ Usefulness limited to systems with predictable tasks
Analytical evaluation:Predictive models
113__ Based on expert error-free behavior
Analytical evaluation:Predictive models
601__ Less expensive than user testing
Analytical evaluation:Predictive models
787__ Provide a way of evaluating products or designs without directly involving users
Analytical evaluation:Predictive models
159__ Categorized
Analyzes
1208__ Why not start with the nuts and bolts of design
Architects and interior designers would not think about which color curtains to have before deciding where the windows will beplaced in a new building
92__ Appearance is very important
Are simple cartoon-like characters or more realistic characters, resembling the human form more believable?
1022__ Theories, models and frameworks
Are used to inform and inspire design
563__ Involves audio and/or visual senses
Attention
223__ Core cognitive aspects
Attention, Perception and recognition, Memory, Reading, speaking and listening, Problem-solving, planning, reasoning and decision-making, learning
11__ ...found the suggestions in Strauss and Corbin about how to relate subcategories too constraining
Axial coding
146__ Can be innovative and enable the realm of computers and their applications to be made more accessible to a greater diversity of users
Benefits of interface metaphors
470__ Helps users understand the underlying conceptual model
Benefits of interface metaphors
618__ Makes learning new systems easier
Benefits of interface metaphors
1157__ Well known fact that we recognize things much better than being able to recall things
Better at remembering images than words, Why interfaces are largely visual- Memory
1202__ Which statements are the problems with interface metaphors? (choose 3)
Break conventional and cultural rules,Conflict with design principles,Forces users to only understand the system in terms of metaphors
629__ Many practical problems needed to be overcome
Can you name some?
300__ Disadvantages of matched participant design
Cannot be sure of perfect matching on all differences
315__ Each card represents one screen or part of screen
Card-based prototypes
526__ Index cards (3 X 5 inches)
Card-based prototypes
456__ Grounded theory,Activity theory
Categories can be provided by theory
160__ Categorizing data
Categorization scheme may be emergent or pre-specified-Simple qualitative analysis
751__ Physiological measures were used
Challenge & engagement collaborative
1227__ approachinfluences...methodsused,turn,data is collected,analyzed...
Choose the evaluation approach & methods
822__ Relationship with participants
Clear and professional,Informed consent when appropriate-Four key issues
190__ Compromises in prototypes mustn�t be ignored
Compromises in prototyping
63__ All prototypes involve compromises
Compromises in prototyping
1056__ Transform user requirements/needs into a conceptual model
Conceptual design: from requirements to design
203__ Consider alternatives: prototyping helps
Conceptual design: from requirements to design
312__ Don�t move to a solution too quickly
Conceptual design: from requirements to design
1198__ Which statement is correct about conceptual model?
Conceptual provides a working strategy and a framework of general concepts and their inter-relations
199__ Conflict with design principles
Conflict with design principles- Problems with interface metaphors
1235__ determine ways of restricting the kinds of user interaction that can take place at a given moment
Constraints
916__ Taking the prototypes and creating a whole
Construction
429__ Four main principles
Context,Partnership,Interpretation,Focus-Contextual Inquiry
1246__ interacting with the system as if having a conversation
Conversing
3__ .... was designed to provide a conversational structure, allowing users to make clear the status of their work
Coordinator
1142__ Virtual reality and virtual environments
Create highly engaging user experiences
245__ Deceptive, make people feel anxious, inferior or stupid
Criticism of anthropomorphism
1158__ Well known phenomenon in advertising
Dancing butter, drinks, breakfast cereals- Anthropomorphism
1204__ Which tool is not one of tools to support data analysis?
Data Recovery
281__ Develop an informed consent form
Decide about ethical issues
862__ Setting goals
Decide how to analyze data once collected-Four key issues
1229__ availability of participants
Depends on:How...participants...enough...testing?
1207__ Why evaluate design?
Designers get feedback about their early design ideas; major problems are fixed before the product goes on sale
976__ The goals influence the approach used for the study
Determine the goals
684__ No order effects
Different:participant design:Advantages
630__ Many subjects & individual differences a problem
Different:participant design:Disadvantages
551__ Internal consistency refers to designing operations to behave the same within an application
Difficult to achieve with complex interfaces
773__ Problems(of Synchronous computer mediated communication)
Difficult to establish eye contact with images of others, People can behave badly when behind the mask of an avatar
1169__ What is not in interaction types
Discovering
1102__ Used for analyzing collaborative work
Distributed Cognition
1137__ Vanilla or multi-flavor design
Ease of finding something versus aesthetic and enjoyable experience
1081__ Usability goals
Effective to use, Efficient to use, Safe to use,Have good utility, Easy to learn, Easy to remember how to use
1288__ �Is the product capable of allowing people to learn, carry out their work efficiently, access the information they need, or buy the goods they want? �. Which usability goal is this question for?
Effectiveness
1288__ �Is the product capable of allowing people to learn, carry out their work efficiently, access the information they need, or buy the goods they want? �. Which usability goal is this question for?
Effectiveness|
1289__ �One users have learned how to use a product to carry out their tasks, can they sustain a high level of productivity?�. Which usability goal is this question for?
Efficiency
1289__ �One users have learned how to use a product to carry out their tasks, can they sustain a high level of productivity?�. Which usability goal is this question for?
Efficiency|
575__ It includes Tickertape, one of the first lightweight messaging systems
Elvin
818__ Recurring patterns or themes
Emergent from data, dependent on observation framework if used-Simple qualitative analysis
778__ Proposes 7 stages of an activity
Establish a goal, Form an intention, Specify an action sequence, Execute an action, Perceive the system state, Interpret the state, Evaluate the system state with respect to the goals and intentions
528__ Informants are useful
Ethnography
552__ Interpretivist technique
Ethnography
837__ Right dialog box was designed for
European adult male intellectuals- Marcus (1992)
1210__ Will the audience understand it?
Evaluate metaphors
478__ How extensible is it?
Evaluate metaphors
484__ How much is relevant to the problem?
Evaluate metaphors
485__ How much structure does it provide?
Evaluate metaphors
570__ Is it easy to represent?
Evaluate metaphors
95__ Approach...methods...influence how data...evaluated, interpreted...presented
Evaluate, interpret & present data
947__ The Hello Wall new kind of system designed react presence
Evaluating an ambient system
73__ An already existing product used as prototype new market
Evaluating cell phones for different world markets
1094__ Usability testing,Field studies,Analytical evaluation
Evaluation approaches
181__ Combining approaches,Opportunistic evaluations
Evaluation approaches
316__ Each expert works separately
Evaluation period...in which
914__ Take a second pass to focus on specific features
Evaluation period...in which
915__ Take one pass to get a feel for the product
Evaluation period...in which
29__ A field study using observations interviews requirements
Evaluation to design a mobile record system
187__ Communication, but no hype
Expectation management-Importance of involving users
294__ Different participants - single...participants...randomly...experimental
Experimental designs
637__ Matched participants - participants are matched in pairs
Experimental designs
846__ Same participants - all participants appear...conditions
Experimental designs
1066__ Typical experimental designs have one or two independent variable
Experiments
254__ Dependent variable depends on the independent variable
Experiments
525__ Independent variable is manipulated by the researcher
Experiments
760__ Predict the relationship between two or more variables
Experiments
1091__ Usability testing is applied experimentation
Experiments & usability testing
285__ Developers check that the system is usable by the intended user population for their tasks
Experiments & usability testing
370__ Experiments may also be done in usability testing
Experiments & usability testing
371__ Experiments test hypotheses to discover new knowledge by investigating the relationship between two or more things
Experiments & usability testing
302__ Discover knowledge,Many participants,Must be replicable
Experiments for research
367__ Experimental design,Scientific reported to scientific community
Experiments for research
835__ Results validated statistically,Strongly controlled conditions
Experiments for research
66__ Allevaluations need goals & questions to guide them
Explore the questions
1249__ moving through a virtual environment or a physical space
Exploring
1201__ Which statement is true about mode Exploring of interaction
Exploring of interaction involves users moving through virtual or physical environments
88__ Another trend has been to conduct remote usability testing, where users perform a set of tasks with a product in their own setting and their interactions with the software are logged directly
FALSE
1217__ You can design a user experience.
False
30__ A framework is not a set of interrelated concepts
False
65__ All usability and user experience goals will be relevant to the design and evaluation of an interactive product being developed
False
1248__ is about sending back information about what action has been done and what has been accomplished, allowing the person to continue with the activity
Feedback
642__ Measurement is NOT one of these is useful heuristics for analyzing interactive product, so find it out:
Feedback
54__ Advantages of same participant design
Few individuals, no individual differences
60__ Aim...understand what...naturally and how technology impacts
Field studies
1233__ decide how best to introduce new technology
Field studies can be used in product design to
1234__ determine design requirements
Field studies can be used in product design to
1238__ evaluate technology in use
Field studies can be used in product design to
1231__ between alternatives (evaluate)
Four basic activities in the design process
1250__ needs and establish requirements
Four basic activities in the design process
838__ Robotic interfaces
Four types
222__ Cooper:
From research and product to goal-related
97__ As... said, the findings suggest that using contrasting color is not a good way to group information on a screen and that using borders is more effective
Galitz, 1997
1203__ Which step is not one of first steps in analyzing data?
Gathering
116__ Based on how everyday objects behave
Good design
321__ Easy, intuitive and a pleasure to use
Good design
634__ Marble answering machine (Bishop,1995)
Good design
719__ Only requires onestep actions to perform core tasks
Good design
264__ Design practices contributing to ID:
Graphic design. Product design, Artist-design, Industrial design, Film industry
541__ Interdisciplinary fields that �do� interaction design:
HCI, Human Factors, Cognitive Engineering, Cognitive Ergonomics, Computer Supported Co-operative Work, Information Systems
923__ Task analysis
HTA
922__ Task analysis techniques such as
HTA help to investigate existing systems and practices
1122__ Users have created a range ofemoticonscompensate for lack of expressiveness in text communication:
Happy:),Sad:<,Sick:X,Mad>:,Very angry >:-(- User-created expressiveness
1187__ When consistency breaks down
Have to find other initials or combinations of keys, thereby breaking the consistency rule � e.g. ctrl+S, ctrl+Sp, ctrl+shift+L
605__ Looking for critical incidents
Helps to focus in on key events-Simple qualitative analysis
631__ Many techniques, the most popular is
Hierarchical Task Analysis (HTA)-Task analysis
1131__ Uses materials that you would expect in the final product
High-fidelity prototyping
1239__ high-fidelity Macromedia Director, Visual Basic, Smalltalk
High-fidelity prototyping
231__ Danger think they have full system��see compromises
High-fidelity prototyping
783__ Prototype looks more like final system than low-fidelity
High-fidelity prototyping
121__ Behaviour is very important
How an agent moves, gestures and refers to objects on the screen, Exaggeration of facial expressions and gestures to show underlying emotions (c.f. animation industry)
884__ Some experts argue that testing should continue until no new insights are gained
How many participants is enough for user testing?
993__ The number is a practical issue
How many participants is enough for user testing?
594__ Knowledge is often described as a mental model
How to use the system (what to do next), What to do with unfamiliar systems or unexpected situations (how the system works)- Mental models
853__ Select users,Select equipment,Find evaluators
Identify practical issues:how to
899__ Stay on budget,on schedule
Identify practical issues:how to
1172__ What is the process order of interaction design?
Identifying-Developing-Building-Evaluating
272__ Designing for user experiences, including: Making work effective, efficient and safer,
Improving and enhancing learning and training, Providing enjoyable andexciting entertainment, Enhancing communication and understanding, Supporting new forms of creativity and expression
1220__ a cardboard mock-up
In interaction design it can be (among other things)
1224__ a video simulating the use of a system,a lump of wood
In interaction design it can be (among other things)
1199__ Which statement is incorrect about interaction types
Instructing is a bad repetitive kinds of action performed on multiple object.
1161__ What are not the core principles of direct manipulation?
Involves users moving through virtual or physical environments
544__ Interface metaphors combine familiar knowledge knowledge
Is there a suitable metaphor?
659__ More flexible systems allow the user to take the initiative
I�d like to go to Paris next Monday for two weeks
142__ Caller-led speech where users state their needs in their own words
I�m having problems with my voice mail
769__ Problems include(of Asynchronouscomputermediated communication):
LAMING!!!, Message overload, False expectations as to when people will reply
1287__ �Is it possible for the user to work out how to use the product by exploring the interface and trying out certain actions?�. Which usability goal is this question for?
Learnabillity
uestion for?
Learnabillity|
534__ Instead interfaces are better conceptualized as �perceived� affordances
Learned conventions of arbitrary mappings between action and effect at the interface, Some mappings are better than others
1130__ Uses a medium which is unlike the final medium
Low-fidelity Prototyping
571__ Is quick, cheap and easily changed
Low-fidelity Prototyping
1255__ sketches of screens, task sequences, etc �Post-it� notes
Low-fidelity Prototyping:Examples
1257__ storyboards �Wizard-of-Oz�
Low-fidelity Prototyping:Examples
112__ Based on Johnson & Henderson (02) theory, guiding browsing from Web Browser called: Concepts, is that true? If not, what else?
Major metaphors
666__ Much exploited in human-computer interaction
Make user experience moreenjoyable, more motivating, make people feel atease, reduce anxiety- Anthropomorphism
1205__ Who �prefer a more detailed presentation, curvilinear shapes and the absence of some of the more brutal term... favored by male software engineers.�
Marcus (1992)
1278__ who like �suave prose, a restrained treatment of information density, and a classical approach to font selection�
Marcus (1992)
845__ Same as different but individual differences reduced
Matched:participant design:Advantages
155__ Cannot be sure of perfect matching on all differences
Matched:participant design:Disadvantages
435__ Full time: constant input, but lose touch with users
Member of the design team-Degrees of user involvement
869__ Short term: inconsistent across project life
Member of the design team-Degrees of user involvement
1292__ �What kinds of interface support have been provide to help users remember how to carry out tasks, especially for products and operations they use infrequently?�. Which usability goal is this question for?
Memorability
1292__ �What kinds of interface support have been provide to help users remember how to carry out tasks, especially for products and operations they use infrequently?�. Which usability goal is this question for?
Memorability|
179__ Combinations of approaches and �. are often used to obtain different perspectives
Methods
878__ Small screens, small number of keys and restricted number of controls
Mobile challenges
7__ ...are typically abstracted from a theory coming from a contributing discipline
Models
1095__ Usability tests with 100 participants
Multiple methods to evaluate the 1984 OMS
317__ Early simulations of telephone keypad
Multiple methods to evaluate the 1984 OMS
318__ Early tests of printed scenarios & user guides
Multiple methods to evaluate the 1984 OMS
432__ Free coffee and donut tests
Multiple methods to evaluate the 1984 OMS
44__ A �try to destroy it� test
Multiple methods to evaluate the 1984 OMS
553__ Interviews & demos with Olympians outside US
Multiple methods to evaluate the 1984 OMS
727__ Overseas interface tests with friends and family
Multiple methods to evaluate the 1984 OMS
72__ An Olympian joined team to provide feedback
Multiple methods to evaluate the 1984 OMS
759__ Pre-Olympic field-test atan international event
Multiple methods to evaluate the 1984 OMS
824__ Reliability of the system with heavy traffic
Multiple methods to evaluate the 1984 OMS
674__ Need communication both ways
Newsletters and other dissemination devices
636__ Match between system and real world is in�.
Nielsen�s heuristics
52__ Advantages of diff participant design
No order effects
124__ Benefits include(of Synchronous computer mediated communication)
Not having to physically face people may increase shy people�s confidence, Allows people to keep abreast of the goings-on in an organization without having to move from their office
1206__ Why are Direct Manipulation (DM) interfaces so enjoyable (Choose 3)?
Novices can learn the basic functionality quickly,Experienced users can work extremely rapidly to carry out a wide range of tasks, even defining new functions,Users can immediately see if their actions are furthering their goals and if not do something else
695__ Notes, pictures, recordings,Video,Logging
Observation & interviews
17__ ...is the process through which categories, their properties, and dimensions are discovered in the data
Open coding
151__ Can make a big difference to acceptance and success of product
Ownership-Importance of involving users
617__ Make the users active stakeholders
Ownership-Importance of involving users
661__ More likely to forgive or accept problems
Ownership-Importance of involving users
119__ Be treated politely
Participants have a right to
592__ Know the goals of the study
Participants have a right to
593__ Know what will happen to the findings
Participants have a right to
599__ Leave when they wish
Participants have a right to
768__ Privacy of personal information
Participants have a right to
770__ Problems with data gathering
Political problems within the organisation
1283__ �., such as the amount of time available to carry out the evaluation, the availability of participants, and suitable equipment, also impact these decisions
Practical issues
80__ And the more it is processed in terms of thinking about it and comparing it with other knowledge
Processing in memory
991__ The more attention paid to something
Processing in memory
363__ Evolutionary prototyping,�Throw-away� prototyping
Product must be engineered
865__ Shareable interfaces
Provide a large interactional space that can support flexible group working-Advantages
466__ Help users encode files in richer ways
Provide them with ways of saving files using colour, flagging, image, flexible text, time stamping, etc
46__ Academic disciplines contributing to ID
Psychology, Social Sciences, Computing Sciences, Engineering, Ergonomics, Informatics
1197__ Which statement is INCORRECT about qualitative and quantitative?
Qualitative data is data that is easy to measure, count, or express in numerical terms in a sensible fashion (difficult to measure).
1245__ integrity,portability,efficiency,etc
Quality must be attended to
753__ Placement in list is critical
Quit and save need to be far apart
123__ Benefits include(of Asynchronouscomputermediated communication):
Read any place any time, Flexible as to how to deal with it, Can make saying things easier
276__ Designs imply what for implications?
Readily distinguishtheir meaning
393__ External representations
Remind us that we need to do something (to buy something for mother�s day), Remind us of what to do (buy a card), Remind us when to do something (send a card by a certain date)
1078__ Usability engineering lifecycle model
Reported by Deborah Mayhew
1209__ Why �establish�
Requirements arise from understanding users� needs-Establishing requirements
56__ Advantages of online questionnaires
Responses are usually received quickly
555__ Interviews which reflect on an activity that was performed in the recent past, can be called�
Retrospective interviews
1291__ �What is the range of errors that are possible using the product and what measures are there to permit users to recovery easily from them?�. Which usability goal is this question for?
Safety
1291__ �What is the range of errors that are possible using the product and what measures are there to permit users to recovery easily from them?�. Which usability goal is this question for?
Safety|
53__ Advantages of matched participant design
Same as different participants but individual differences reduced
397__ Few individuals, no individual differences
Same:participant design:Advantages
226__ Counter-balancing needed because of ordering effects
Same:participant design:Disadvantages
772__ Problems with online questionnaires
Sampling is problematic if population size is unknown
925__ Task descriptions
Scenarios,Use Cases,Essential use cases
981__ The interviewer starts with preplanned questions and then probes the interviewee to say more until no new relevant information is forthcoming. This can be found in...
Semi-structured Interviews
477__ How are the functions related to each other?
Sequential or parallel?,Categorisations
352__ Evaluating a new kind of interaction: an ambient system
Six evaluation case studies
353__ Evaluating affective: challenge engagement collaborative
Six evaluation case studies
354__ Evaluating cell phonesfor different markets
Six evaluation case studies
355__ Evaluating design ideas mobile device for rural nurses
Six evaluation case studies
505__ Improving a design: the HutchWorld patient support system
Six evaluation case studies
670__ Multiple usability:olympic messaging system(OMS)
Six evaluation case studies
311__ Don�t be inhibited about drawing ability
Sketching
877__ Sketching is important to low-fidelity prototyping
Sketching
752__ Pilot studies
Small trial of main study-Four key issues
680__ Need to optimize the interactions users have with a product
So that they match the users� activities and needs- What to design
163__ Check to ensure that the final interface is consistent
Some examples of goals
497__ Identify the best metaphor on which to base the design
Some examples of goals
504__ Improve the usability of an existing product
Some examples of goals
558__ Investigate how technology affects working practices
Some examples of goals
1051__ Time to complete a task after a specified. time away from the product
Some type of data
1052__ Time to complete a task
Some type of data
699__ Number and type of errors per task
Some type of data
700__ Number of errors per unit of time
Some type of data
701__ Number of navigations to online help or manuals
Some type of data
703__ Number of users completing task successfully
Some type of data
704__ Number of users making a particular error
Some type of data
458__ Guided prompts can help callers back on track
Sorry I did not get all that. Did you say you wanted to fly next Monday
6__ ...are also being used much more for a variety of commercial services
Speech interfaces
1101__ Used early in design
Storyboards
1256__ sketches showing how user progress through using device
Storyboards
710__ Often used scenarios,bringing more detail,to role play
Storyboards
4__ ....are useful when the goals are clearly understood and specific questions can be identified
Structured Interviews
949__ The Star lifecycle model
Suggested by Hartson and Hix (1989)
1030__ There are many practical issues to consider when doing any kind of evaluation, and it is important to identify as many of them as possible before starting the study
TRUE
1045__ This means that just technical concerns, and for interaction design, the three fundamental activities of design listed above are extended to include an activity of producing a version of the design that users can interact with
TRUE
1150__ We chose the term establishing requirements to represent the fact that requirements arise from data gathering, analysis, and interpretation activities and have been established from a sound understanding of the users' needs
TRUE
331__ Empirical studies showing that the aesthetics of an interface can have a positive effect on people's perception of the system's usability (Tractinsky, 1997, 2000)
TRUE
34__ A grounded theory approach to analysis emphasizes the important role of empirical data in the derivation of theory
TRUE
35__ A grounded theory results in an event-driven description which emphasizes information and its propagation through the cognitive system under study
TRUE
576__ It is NOT usual for cognitive prcesses to occur in isolation
TRUE
582__ It is important to test a specific hypothesis that makes a prediction about the way users will perform with an interface
TRUE
64__ All usability and user experience goals will NOT be relevant to design and evaluation of developing
TRUE
667__ Much has been written about the significant cost of fixing errors early in the software development cycle rather than late during the requirements activity.
TRUE
716__ One solution has been to develop rigorous security measures whereby customers must provide various pieces of information after gaining access to their accounts
TRUE
967__ The effect can be to make them annoyed to the point of losing their temper: When a system does what the user wants it to do
TRUE
969__ The exact steps taken to create a product will vary from designer to designer, from product to product, and from organization to organization
TRUE
1009__ The test conditions should be the same for every participant
Testing conditions
1083__ Usability lab or other controlled space
Testing conditions
1236__ developing representative tasks
Testing conditions
23__ 5-10 users typically selected
Testing conditions
532__ Informed consent form explains procedures and deals with ethical issues
Testing conditions
927__ Tasks usually last no more than 30 minutes
Testing conditions
1088__ Usability studies,Usability testing,User testing
The language of evaluation
424__ Formative evaluation,Heuristic evaluation,Predictive evaluation
The language of evaluation
78__ Analytical evaluation,Controlled experiment,Field study
The language of evaluation
908__ Summative evaluation,Usability laboratory,User studies
The language of evaluation
1273__ user testing, inspection, and modeling users� task performance
The main methods are
1176__ What the major metaphors and analogies in conceptual model are used for
The major metaphors and analogies that are used to convey to the user how to understand what a product is for and how to use it for an activity
1162__ What components that a conceptual model should comprise
The major metaphors and analogies, The concepts and the relationships between concepts, The mappings
1191__ Where Evaluate design?
The wide diversity of interactive products gives rise to a range of features that evaluators must be able to evaluate
1196__ Which sentence is true about design principles?
They are intended to help designers explain and improve their design, They ensure that designers have provided certain features at an interface
1269__ understand,identify potential problem,generate metaphors
Three steps:Is there a suitable metaphor?
792__ Provide information about shared objects and progress of collaborative tasks
Tickertape, Babble
588__ Jordon (2000) based on
Tiger�s (1992) framework of pleasure
1200__ Which statement is not a one of benefits of conceptualizing a design in general terms early on in the design process encourages design teams
To become narrowly focused early on
1280__ �. involves a combination of data gathering techniques
Triangulation
1023__ Theories, models, and frameworks provide another way of framing and informing design and research
True
39__ A model is a simplification of some aspect of human�computer interaction intended to make it easier for designers to predict and evaluate alternative designs
True
538__ Interaction design is multidisciplinary, involving many inputs from wide-ranging disciplines and fields.
True
540__ Interaction types (e.g., conversing, instructing) provide a way of thinking about how best to support the activities users will be doing when using a product or service
True
556__ Introducing inconsistency can make it more difficult to learn an interface but in the long run can make it easier to use
True
986__ The main benefit of instructing of interaction types is to support quick and efficient interaction
True
1293__ �horizontal�:wide range of functions, but little detail
Two common types of compromise
1296__ �vertical�: provide a lot of detail for only functions
Two common types of compromise
1293__ �horizontal�:wide range of functions, but little detail
Two common types of compromise|
1296__ �vertical�: provide a lot of detail for only functions
Two common types of compromise|
1281__ �. is always advisable to have a plan of the main topics to be covered
Unstructured Interviews
854__ Selecting terms to convey a person�s feelings, emotions, etc., can help designers understand the multifaceted nature of the user experience
Usability and user experience goals
228__ Current level of performance
Usability engineering orientation
59__ Aim is improvement with each version
Usability engineering orientation
1193__ Which goals are concerned with assessing how useful or productive a system is from its own perspective?
Usability goals
805__ Quality thresholds
Usability goals lead to usability criteria set early on and check regularly-How do you choose among alternatives
283__ Develop usable products
Usability means easy to learn, effective to use and provide an enjoyable experience- Goals of interaction design
1112__ User satisfaction is evaluated using questionnaires & interviews
Usability testing
1113__ User satisfaction questionnaires & interviews provide data about users�opinions
Usability testing
1116__ Users are observed and timed
Usability testing
1133__ Usually not completely replicable,Conditions controlled as much as possible
Usability testing
1284__ �.is an evaluation approach to evaluation that involves measuring users' performance and evaluating their satisfaction with the system in question on certain tasks in a laboratory setting
Usability testing
188__ Comparison of products or prototypes common
Usability testing
217__ Controlled environmental settings
Usability testing
234__ Data collected by video & interaction logging
Usability testing
239__ Data is recorded on video & key presses are logged
Usability testing
398__ Field observations may be used to provide contextual understanding
Usability testing
412__ Focus is on time to complete task & number & type of errors
Usability testing
448__ Goals & questions focus on how well users perform tasks with the product
Usability testing
503__ Improve products,Few participants,Results inform design
Usability testing
566__ Involves recording performance of typical users doing typical tasks
Usability testing
774__ Procedure planned,Results reported to developers
Usability testing
936__ Testing is central
Usability testing
962__ The data is used to calculate performance times, and to identify & explain errors
Usability testing
1194__ Which goals are concerned with how users experience an interactive product from their perspective?
Use experience goals
1058__ Triangulation
Use more than one approach-Four key issues
1228__ as a means of co-operation across professional boundaries
Used throughout design in various ways
1253__ scripts for user evaluation of prototypes concrete tasks
Used throughout design in various ways
1087__ Usability principles (Nielsen 2001) Visibility of system status, Match between system and the real world
User control and freedom, Consistency and standards, Help users recognize, diagnose and recover from errors, Error prevention, Recognition rather than recall, Flexibility and efficiency of use, Aesthetic and minimalist design, Help and documentation
1181__ When a system does not provide sufficient information to enable the user to know what to do
User frustration
1182__ When a system doesn�t do what the user wants it to do
User frustration
1183__ When a system requires users to carry out too many steps to perform a task, only to discover a mistake was made earlier and they need to start all over again
User frustration
1185__ When a user�s expectations are not met
User frustration
1186__ When an application doesn�t work properly or crashes
User frustration
1188__ When error messages pop up that are vague, obtuse or condemning
User frustration
1190__ When the appearance of an interface is garish, noisy, gimmicky or patronizing
User frustration
1195__ Which is not one of main options in presenting the findings of data analysis?
Using activity theory
388__ Express proposed or imagined situations
Using scenarios in conceptual design
756__ Plus and minus scenarios to explore extreme cases
Using scenarios in conceptual design
1286__ �Does the product provide an appropriate set of functions that will enable users to carry out all their tasks in the way they want to do them?�. Which usability goal is this question for?
Utility
918__ Talk is central
Verbal and non-verba communication
392__ External consistency refers to designing operations, interfaces, etc., to be the same across applications and devices
Very rarely the case, based on different designer�s preference
307__ Do different interface types provide insight?
WIMP, shareable, augmented reality, etc
524__ Increasingly appearing on our screens
Web agents, characters in videogames, learning companions, wizards, pets, newsreaders, popstars- Virtual characters
1232__ conceptual,prototypes new system, complete prototypes
What
1165__ What information needs to be available?
What data is required to perform the task?
480__ How is this data to be transformed by the system?
What information needs to be available?
296__ Difficult, controversial, critical areas
What to prototype?
851__ Screen layouts and information display
What to prototype?
931__ Technical issues,Work flow, task design
What to prototype?
1266__ throughout; finished products evaluated information products
When
523__ Increases learning burden on user, making them more prone to errors
When consistency breaks down
1242__ in natural and laboratory settings
Where
535__ Instructing, conversing, manipulating or exploring
Which interaction type?
746__ Personal information management (PIM) is a growing problem for most users
Who have vast numbers of documents, images, music files, video clips, emails, attachments, bookmarks, etc.,
681__ Need to take into account:
Who the users are. What activities are being carried out, Where the interaction is taking place- What to design
1267__ to check that users can use the product and that they like it
Why
495__ Identify and explain the nature and causes of problems users encounter
Why do we need to understand users
963__ The design of spaces for human communication and interaction
Winograd (1997)
542__ Interface metaphor is NOT a name for describing specific operation, is that true? If not, what else?
a A central component of a conceptual model
729__ Paradigms defines
a A particular approach that has been adopted by a community in terms of shared assumptions, concepts, values and practices
730__ Paradigms refer to a new generation of user�computer environments, is that true? If not, what else?
a A particular approach that has been adopted by a community in terms of shared assumptions, concepts, values and practices
348__ Ethnography is vary along a scale from �outside�to �inside�, is that true? If not, what else?
a A philosophy with a set of techniques that include participant observation and interviews
454__ Grounded Theory is used for analyzing collaborative work, is that true? If not, what else?
a Aims to derive theory from systematic analysis of data
189__ Components of interactive design is NOT include anthropology, if NOT, what else?
a All of above
250__ Decision-making NOT involving congnition process, is that true? If not, what else?
a All of above
648__ Metaphor is browsing, analogy is drawing can be called different from metaphor & analogy, is that true? If not, what else?
a Both the same
767__ Principle of "Having similar operations and use similar elements for achieving similar task" is NOT a concept of affordance, but:
a Consistency
433__ Frequently repeat actions performed on multiple objects is cons when using interface metaphors, if NOT, what else?
a Design to look & behave literally like the physical entity it is being compare with
807__ Quantitative data is expressed the nature of elements, is that true? If not, what else?
a Expressed as numbers
86__ Another person decides to start speaking is rule 1 of Conversational mechanisms
a FALSE
1018__ Theoretical frameworks for qualitative analysis is retributed Cognition, is that true? If not, what else?
a Grounded Theory
425__ Four basic activities in Interaction Design are: Building needs, Verify alternative designs, Developing interactive versions, Evaluating designs, is that true? If not, what else?
a Identifying needs, Developing alternative designs, Building interactive versions, Evaluating designs
841__ Running the interview should be intro, explain the goals, main body, and closure, is that true? If not, what else?
a Intro, warm-up, main body, and closure
500__ Identifying and specifying relevant usability and user experience helps analyzing & evaluating aspects, if NOT? What it is?
a Lead to design of good interactive products
366__ Experiential involves recalling various kinds of knowledge that allow us to act appropriately, is that true? If not, what else?
a Memory
948__ The Star lifecycle model defines iterative framework so ideas can be checked and evaluated, is that true? If not, what else?
a No particular ordering of activities; development may start in any one
1020__ Theories are helping designer constrain and scope the user experience of which they are desinging, is that true? If not, what else?
a Providing of a means of analyzing and predicting the performance of users carrying out tasks for interfaces
815__ Reading, speaking and listening is NOT in cognitive aspects, is that true? If not, what else?
a Reading, speaking and listening
55__ Advantages of online questionnaires are copying and postage costs, is that true? If not, what else?
a Responses are usually received quickly
427__ Four key issues of data gathering are setting goals, Relationship with participants, Triangulation, Semi-structure studies, is that true? If not, what else?
a Setting goals, Relationship with participants, Triangulation, Pilot studies
249__ Decision about conceptual design should NOT be made after commencing any physical design
a TRUE
260__ Design interfaces that constrain and guide users NOT to select appropriate actions after learning
a TRUE
290__ Different data interpretation approaches emphasize difference elements
a TRUE
537__ Interaction design DONT involve many inputs from some disciplines and fields
a TRUE
672__ NOT making information plain when it needs attending to at a given stage of a task
a TRUE
735__ People can NOT design a user experience
a TRUE
1004__ The secondary in stakeholders means who is occasional or via someone else, is that true? If not, what else?
a The who is occasional or via someone else
905__ Structured interviews are rich but not replicable, is that true? If not, what else?
a Tightly scripted
225__ Corrupting visual & model is opposition to using interface metaphors, is that true? If not, what else?
a Too constraining
517__ In requirement design, task analysis focus on articulating existing and envisioned work practices, is that true? If not, what else?
a Use mainly to investigate an existing situation
1124__ Users moving through virtual or physical environment refers conversing interaction modeling, is that true? If not, what else?
a User & system act as dialog partners
436__ Functional requirement is how beautiful enough of GUI need to be, is that true? If not, what else?
a What the system should do
1110__ User frustration happens when a system requires users to carry out specific step to perform a task, is that true? If not, what else?
a When an application doesn�t work properly or crashes
757__ Pointing device interfaces can be defined as could be scrolled, stretched, overlapped, opened, closed, and moved around the screen using the mouse, is that true? If not, what else?
a a mouse controlling the cursor as a point of entry to the windows, menus, and icons on the screen
880__ Social aspects are the actions and interactions that people engage at work, is that true? If not, what else?
a all of above
964__ The distributed cognition approach describes NOT for what happens in a cognitive system, is that true? If not, what else?
a all of above
1213__ Windows were invented to overcome physical constraints of
a computer display, enabling more information to be viewed and tasks to be performed-Windows
1180__ When a person manipulates the physical object/s it causes
a digital effect to occur, e.g. an animation-Tangible interfaces
326__ Elvin is
a distributed awareness system that provides a range of client services (Segall and Arnold,1997)
512__ In general, the term "affective" refers to emotional skills, is that true? If not, what else?
a emotional response
149__ Can encourage users toexplore different parts of
a game or story-Interfaces and interactions
328__ Embodied conversational interface agents are formed, often to be understood as 3D characters in video games or other forms of entertainment, is that true? If not, what else?
a generating verbal and non-verbal output
207__ Consider which interface is best for
a given application or activity
27__ A conceptual model is:
a high-level description of how a system isorganized and operates. (Johnson andHenderson, 2002, p. 26)
748__ Persuasive technologies is how technologies can be implemented to change people�s attitudes and behavior, is that true? If not, what else?
a how technologies can be designed to change people�s attitudes and behavior
380__ Explain the interactions environment they are working in is awareness mechanism, is that true? If not, what else?
a involve knowing who is around, what is happening, and who is talking with whom
821__ Refers to an attribute of an object that allows people to know how to use it
a mouse button invites pushing, a door handle affords pulling- Affordances
858__ Self-service filling and payment system for
a petrol (gas) station-Kinds of requirements
577__ It is a representation
a plan for development
147__ Can constrain designers in the way they conceptualize
a problem space- Problems with interface metaphors
513__ In interaction design it can be (among other things)
a series of screen sketches,a storyboard,a Powerpoint slide show
31__ A framework is
a set of interrelated concepts and/or a set of specific questions
418__ For software-based prototyping maybe there is
a slow response? sketchy icons? limited functionality?
958__ The current speaker chooses the next speaker by asking an opinion is rule 3 of Conversational mechanisms, is that true? If not, what else?
a the current speaker continues talking
655__ Models the information processes of
a user interacting with a computer- Model Human processor(Card et al, 1983)
653__ Models of affect provide
a way of conceptualizing emotional and pleasurable aspects of interaction design
43__ A theory is
a well-substantiated explanation of some aspect of a phenomenon
1262__ there are 4 types of qualitive analysis that we discuss in Simple qualitative analysis, is that true? If not, what else?
a. 3
1260__ there are 3 degrees of user involvement, is that true? If not, what else?
a. 4
93__ Appliance interface type that expert use in AutoCAD, is that true? If not, what else?
a. Command
546__ Interface type in 1980s included Advanced Graphical, Web, Speech and Appliance, is that true? If not, what else?
a. Command and WIMP/GUI
1069__ UbiComp means compters have a strong influence, is that true? If not, what else?
a. Computers would be designed to be embedded in the environment and very popular
990__ The mappings between the ... and the user experience the product is designed to support
a. Concepts
1034__ There are two types of design: Social and physical model, is that true? If not, what else?
a. Conceptual and physical model
32__ A fundamental aspect of interaction design is to develop?
a. Conceptual model
900__ Steps designer have to do immediately after constructing conceptual model is considering interface types, is that true? If not, what else?
a. Considering interaction types
233__ Data calculation result & Information is displayed of experiments: are difference between Data and Information, is that true? If not, what else?
a. Data is conclusions maybe drawn, Information is the result of analyzing and interpreting data
253__ Depend on the interface of product itself, we implement evaluation, is that true? If not, what else?
a. Depend on the type of product itself
971__ The first step of DECIDE framework points to
a. Determine the goals
889__ Sounds should be audible and ... in cognition
a. Distinguishable
511__ In evaluating,the environment influencing the findings is...
a. Ecological validity
13__ ...immerse themselves in the culture that they study
a. Ethnographers
1173__ What is the second step of DECIDE framework?
a. Explore the questions
476__ High fidelity prototyping uses materials that you would expect to be in Requirement, is that true? If not, what else?
a. Final product
1031__ There are three main types of Data gathering, what are they?
a. Interviews, questionaires, and observation
1070__ UnderseaGrip device WetPC company created for undersea divers, is that true? If not, what else?
a. KordGrip
813__ Random and semantic are two main rating scales, is that true? If not, what else?
a. Likert and semantic
782__ Prototype has two kinds: Imprtant and non-important, is that true? If not, what else?
a. Low and high fidelity
650__ Middle value of data when ranked is called...
a. Median
404__ Figure that appears most often in the data is called...
a. Mode
656__ Money is what they enrich the interview experience, is that true? If not, what else?
a. Props
509__ In evaluating,can the findings be generalized?is...
a. Scope
706__ Observation is one of the types of interviews, is that true? If not, what else?
a. Structured
1032__ There are three types of experimental design: different- participants, same-participants, & matched participants
a. TRUE
1035__ There are two types of prototype including: low fidelity and high fidelity prototype, is that true? If not, what else?
a. TRUE
1068__ Typically observation and interviews are used to collect field studies data
a. TRUE
1079__ Usability goals include effectiveness, efficiency, safety, utility, learnability, and memorability
a. TRUE
1090__ Usability testing is an adapted form of experimentation
a. TRUE
1092__ Usability testing is done in controlled conditions
a. TRUE
1145__ Walkthroughs, as the name suggests, involve user in walking through scenarios with prototypes of the application
a. TRUE
1214__ Workshops are used in develop JAD model?
a. TRUE
1223__ a storyboard is a prototype
a. TRUE
1265__ there is managed discussion that leads to agreed decisions in Pluralistic walkthrough
a. TRUE
358__ Evaluation & design are closely integrated in user-centered design.
a. TRUE
368__ Experiments aim to test hypotheses by manipulating certain variables while keeping others constant
a. TRUE
36__ A low fidelity prototype is NOT one that look like very much like the final product
a. TRUE
374__ Expert evaluation: heuristic & walkthroughs
a. TRUE
399__ Field studies are done in natural environments
a. TRUE
423__ Formative evaluation, an evaluation to check that the product continues to meet user's need is done during designing
a. TRUE
473__ Heuristic evaluation relatively easy to learn
a. TRUE
49__ Activity theory (AT) is a product of Soviet psychology
a. TRUE
583__ It is sometime assumed that certain forms of data gathering will NOT result in quantitative data and others will only result in qualitative data?
a. TRUE
669__ Multidisciplinary teams strong to communicate and progress forward the designs being create
a. TRUE
754__ Pluralistic walkthrough calls: Variation on the cognitive walkthrough theme.
a. TRUE
761__ Predictive models are used to evaluate systems with predictable tasks such as telephones
a. TRUE
762__ Predictive models is less expensive than user testing
a. TRUE
764__ Predictive models provide a way of evaluating products or designs without directly involving users
a. TRUE
935__ Testing is a central part of usability testing
a. TRUE
945__ The DECIDE framework provides a useful checklist for planning an evaluation study
a. TRUE
103__ Audio recording, taking photographs and video recording are common form of data recording, is that true? If not, what else?
a. Taking notes, audio recording, taking photographs and video recording
984__ The kind of coupling to use between the physical action and digital effect,is issue of...
a. Tangible interface
96__ As Winograd(1997),HCI means
a. The design of spaces for human communication and interaction
1054__ To check that developer can design the product is why we have to evaluate, is that true? If not, what else?
a. To check that users can use the product and that they like it
830__ Requirements arise from understanding users' needs is...
a. Why 'establish' req
174__ Cognitive walkthroughs are guided by the second question
a. Will the user notice that the correct action is available?
1007__ The term lifecycle model used to represent a model that captures a set of activities and how they are related, is that true? If not, what else?
a. activities and how they are related
1033__ There are three types of experimental design
a. different-same-matched participants
1063__ Two different kinds of traditional requirements are functional and non-functional, is that true? If not, what else?
a. functional and non-functional
120__ Because of satisfying users, we need to involve users in interaction design, is that true? If not, what else?
a. get realistic expectations, no surprises, no disaspointment
950__ The aim of field study
a. is to understand what users do naturally and how technology impacts them.
50__ Add up values and divide by number of data points is called...
a. mean
291__ Different evaluation approaches and methods are often combined in
a. one study
973__ The further away & the ... the object, the longer the time to locate it and point to it.
a. smaller
1254__ simulations & prototypes are observed,recorded and analysed is found in...
a. user-centered quantitative analysis
191__ Compromises in prototyping can be
a. vertical & horizontal
1215__ Would radically change the way people think
about and interact with computers-Ubicomp
933__ Tendency to play video clips and animations,while skimming through
accompanying text or diagrams-Interfaces and interactions
584__ It requires taking into
account a number of interdependent factors, including context of use, type of activities,cultural differences, and user groups
216__ Continuous representation of objects and
actions of interest- Core principles of DM
104__ Averages-Mean
add up values and divide by number ofdata points
1053__ To be able to create engaging user experiences they also need to understand how emotions work, what is meant by ........., and the role of narrative in human experience
aesthetics, desirability
247__ Decide on whether phrases will
all be positive, all negative or mixed-Questionnaire design
444__ Generating .... is a key principle in most design disciplines, and one that should be encouraged in interaction design
alternatives
1039__ These may be identified by the users, through a retrospective discussion of a recent event, or they may be identified by an observer either through studying video footage, or from observation of the event in real time, can be found in�.
analyzing critical incidents
1240__ horizontal surfaces compared with vertical ones support more turn-taking
and collaborative working in co-located groups
357__ Evaluating what is being built throughout the process
and the user experience it offers- What is involved in the processof interaction design
263__ Design interfaces to have similar operations
and use similar elements for similar tasks- Consistency
999__ The propensity people have to attribute human qualities to objects is called...
anthropomorphism
678__ Need to first think about how the system will
appear to users (i.e. how they will understand it)- conceptual model
585__ It was simple, clear, and obvious to the users how to use the
application and what it could do
453__ Graphical representations (as discussed above) may be
appropriate for presentation
1024__ Theory is only
approximation of what happens and is greatly simplified
725__ Others by users who
are collocated or at a distance-Advanced graphical interfaces
1073__ Unstructured
are not directed by a script.Rich but not replicable-Simple qualitative analysis
820__ Reeves and Naas (1996)
argue that comput should be made to apologize
811__ Questions get refined
as understanding grows-Ethnography
1014__ The way in which experts are intended to use these heuristics is by judging them against �.
aspects of the interface
492__ Icons are
assumed to be easier to learn and remember than commands-Icon design
170__ Cognition involves several processes including
attention, memory, perception and learning
890__ Sounds should be
audible and distinguishable- Design implications
494__ Idea is they are
automatically forwarded to the appropriate service
210__ Consistency not called "Having attribute of an object that people know how to use it", so this is concept of:
b Affordance
765__ Presentation is the process to concentrate on, from the range of posibility available, is that true? If not, what else?
b Attention
802__ Qualitative data is expressed as numbers, is that true? If not, what else?
b Difficult to measure sensibly as numbers
1114__ User-centered approach is based on later focus on users and tasks, is that true? If not, what else?
b Empirical measurement
100__ Asynchronous computer- mediated communication defines communication takes place remotely at same times
b FALSE
1107__ User frustration NOT happens when a system requires users to carry out specific step to perform a task
b FALSE
1108__ User frustration NOT happens when an application doesn�t work properly or crashes
b FALSE
129__ Bordering and spacing are NOT effective visual ways of separating info that makes it easier to perceive and locate items
b FALSE
288__ Different approaches emphasize different elements e.g. class diagrams for non-object-oriented systems, entity-relationship diagrams for data intensive systems
b FALSE
327__ Embodied conversational interface agents are formed, often to be NOT understood as generating verbal and non-verbal output
b FALSE
390__ Expressive interfaces is NOT how the �appearance�of an interface can affect users
b FALSE
417__ Focussed and divided attention NOT enables us to be selective in terms of the mass of competing stimuli but limits our ability to keep track of all events
b FALSE
491__ Icons and other graphical representations should NOT enable users to readily distinguish their meaning
b FALSE
529__ Information at the interface should NOT be structured to capture users�attention
b FALSE
543__ Interface metaphors are NOT commonly used as part of a conceptual design
b FALSE
733__ People DO design a sensual experience
b FALSE
747__ Persuasive technologies is how technologies can NOT be designed to change people�s attitudes and behavior
b FALSE
912__ Synchronous computer- mediated communication defines conversations supported in offline through paper notes
b FALSE
161__ Challenging is one of followings that users experience goals, but what is NOT?
b Frustrating
430__ Frameworks are typically abstracted from a contributing discipline that can be apply in interaction design, is that true? If not, what else?
b Helping designer constrain and scope the user experience of which they are desinging
775__ Process of interaction design is NOT: Identify version - Develop user experience - Building design - Evaluate needs, but:
b Identify needs - Develop design - Building version - Evaluate user experience
118__ Be audible and distinguishable imply for implications, is that true? If not, what else?
b Information is acquired and transformed into experiences
278__ Designs imply what for perception and recognition?
b Information is acquired and transformed into experiences
515__ In requirement design, data interpretation focus on articulating existing and envisioned work practices, is that true? If not, what else?
b Initial interpretation before deeper analysis
337__ Encouraging creativity and playfulness is one of benefits on instruction issuing, is that true? If not, what else?
b Interaction is quick & efficient
893__ Spiral Lifecycle model defines iterative framework so ideas can be checked and evaluated, is that true? If not, what else?
b Iterative framework so ideas can be checked and evaluated
721__ Open questions have predetermined answer format, e.g., �yes�or �no�, is that true? If not, what else?
b No predetermined format
1072__ Unstructured interviews are not directed by a script, is that true? If not, what else?
b Not directed by a script
868__ Shneiderman outlines one of core principle that need to follow how the system actually works is portrayed to the user through the interface, if NOT, what else?
b Rapid reversible incremental actions with immediate feedback about object of interest
451__ Good utility is one of followings that is usability goals, but what NOT?
b Satisfactory
261__ Design interfaces that promote recall NOT rather than recognition by using menu, icon, and consistently placed objects
b TRUE
957__ The current speaker chooses the next speaker by asking an opinion is rule 1 of Conversational mechanisms
b TRUE
960__ The current speaker continues talking is rule 3 of Conversational mechanisms
b TRUE
38__ A main reason of having better understanding of people in context in which they live, work, and learn is NOT that can help designer evaluate user experience of product to fit it, but?
b That can help designer understand how to design interactive product to fit it
211__ Construction, frameworks provide another way of framing and informing design and research, is that true? If not, what else?
b Theories, models
568__ Involving identifying human activities and interactivites that are problematic can be problem space, is that true? If not, what else?
b Usability and user experience goals can be overlooked
619__ Making less underlying assumptions and claims can be called problem space, is that true? If not, what else?
b Usability and user experience goals can be overlooked
304__ Distributed Cognition are models the mediating role of artifacts, is that true? If not, what else?
b Used for analyzing collaborative work
992__ The more feedback functions are, the more likely users will be able to know what to do next, if NOT? What else?
b Visibility
685__ Non-functional requirement is what the system should do, is that true? If not, what else?
b What response time system should be?
1109__ User frustration does NOT happen when a user�s expectations are not met, is that true? If not, what else?
b When a system requires users to carry out specific step to perform a task
959__ The current speaker continues talking is rule 2 of Conversational mechanisms, is that true? If not, what else?
b another person decides to start speaking
382__ Explain the interactions environment they are working in is conversational mechanism, is that true? If not, what else?
b enable people to coordinate their "talk" with one another, allowing them to know how to start and stop
391__ Expressive interfaces is how the �UI�of an interface can affect users, is that true? If not, what else?
b how the �appearance�of an interface can affect users
647__ Menus interfaces can be defined as offering lists of options that could be scrolled through and selected, is that true? If not, what else?
b offering lists of options that could be scrolled through and selected
734__ People act through language is the basic premise of the language/action framework, is that true? If not, what else?
b people act through language
739__ People often prefer humanlike to those that attempt to be simple cartoon-like agents, is that true? If not, what else?
b simple cartoon-like agents, humanlike
896__ Star lifecycle model was proposed by Hartson and Hix in 80s, is that true? If not, what else?
b. 1980s
1261__ there are 3 frameworks do we use in the analysis of qualitative data, is that true? If not, what else?
b. 3
1263__ there are 6 form main types of interviews, is that true? If not, what else?
b. 4
1148__ Waterfall lifecycle model including 5 steps, is that true? If not, what else?
b. 5 steps
547__ Interface type in 1990s included: Advanced Graphical, Web, Speech and Mobile, is that true? If not, what else?
b. Advanced Graphical, Web, Speech, Pen, gesture, touch and Appliance
1010__ The third step of DECIDE framework points to
b. Choose the evaluation approach and methods
62__ Alice is the intelligent agent that guides visitor to the website Agentland, is that true? If not, what else?
b. Cybelle
1074__ Usability Engineering Lifecycle was proposed by Hartson and Hix, is that true? If not, what else?
b. Deborah Meyhew
1171__ What is the fifth step of DECIDE framework?
b. Decide how to deal with the ethical issues
1170__ What is one of the steps of DECIDE framework?
b. Determine the goals
9__ ...disciplines contributing to ID
b. Ergonomics
1163__ What does Association for Computing Machinery (ACM) provided for professionals to deal with their issues?
b. Ethical code
1006__ The term lifecycle model is used to represent a model that NOT captures a set of activities and how they are related
b. FALSE
1011__ The three main evaluation approaches are NOT included: usability testing, field studies, and analytical evaluation
b. FALSE
1026__ There are 5 evaluation case studies in chapter 12
b. FALSE
1029__ There are less issues to consider before conducting an evaluation study
b. FALSE
1062__ Two common compromises of prototype including high and low prototype
b. FALSE
1076__ Usability and user experience goals should be separated with appropriate measures
b. FALSE
1084__ Usability laboratory is a laboratory that is designed for formative evaluation
b. FALSE
1089__ Usability testing NOT involves measuring typical user's performance on typical task
b. FALSE
1106__ User characteristics capture the normal attributes of the intended user group
b. FALSE
1258__ the fourth step of DECIDE framework is to explore the questions
b. FALSE
140__ CASE STUDY 8.1 NOT uses ethnographic data to understand Idian ATM usage?
b. FALSE
162__ Chapter 8 NOT discuss about Data analysis, interpretation and presentation?
b. FALSE
235__ Data gathering for requirement including: Interview, questionaire, and studying documentation
b. FALSE
238__ Data in the qualitative data is NOT more difficult to measure than quantitative data
b. FALSE
241__ Data requirements capture the type, volality, size/amount, persistence, accuracy, and value of the non-required data?
b. FALSE
341__ Environmental requirements or context of use refer to the circumstances in which the interative product will be NOT expected to operate?
b. FALSE
360__ Evaluation and feedback are central to interaction design is NOT the cause of why prototyping
b. FALSE
369__ Experiments for research is not completely replicable
b. FALSE
403__ Field study is a study that is done in a laboratory
b. FALSE
426__ Four categories of user(Eason,1987)
b. FALSE
437__ Functional requirements capture what the product should NOT do?
b. FALSE
445__ Generating alternatives is NOT a key principle in most design disciplines
b. FALSE
450__ Good at displaying a small number of options at the same time is NOT advantage of flat menu
b. FALSE
475__ High fidelity prototyping uses materials that you would NOT expect to be in the final product
b. FALSE
545__ Interface type in 1980s NOT included command and WIMP/GUI
b. FALSE
607__ Low-fidelity Prototyping is evaluation and feedback are central to interaction design
b. FALSE
744__ Performed by anyone in Pluralistic walkthrough
b. FALSE
755__ Pluralistic walkthrough had it lent well to participatory design
b. FALSE
763__ Predictive models is usefulless limited to systems with predictable tasks -e.g., telephone answering systems, mobiles, cell phones, etc
b. FALSE
798__ QWERTY NOT means name of a keyboard
b. FALSE
812__ RAD is stand for Rare Application Development?
b. FALSE
894__ Spiral model is NOT developed by Barry Boehm?
b. FALSE
919__ Tangible interfaces are NOT type of interaction and they use sensor-based
b. FALSE
944__ The DECIDE framework provides a useful checklist for lab and checking work progress
b. FALSE
988__ The main methods used in evaluation are: observing users, asking users their opinions and asking experts their opinions
b. FALSE
732__ Pen interface is that the commercial application Sony's EyeToy used, is that true? If not, what else?
b. Gesture
153__ Can shrink or switch is advantage of flat menu, is that true? If not, what else?
b. Good at displaying a small number of options at the same time
876__ Sketches of screens,task sequences and 'Post-it' notes are...
b. Low-fidelity Prototyping
18__ ...provide a way of conceptualizing emotional and pleasurable aspect of interaction design
b. Models of affect
799__ QWERTY means name of a equipment, is that true? If not, what else?
b. Name of keyboard
402__ Field study is a study that is done in a laboratory, is that true? If not, what else?
b. Natural environment
606__ Low fidelity prototyping may be paper and cardboard, is that true? If not, what else?
b. Paper and cardboard
306__ Diversity of techniques now used to change what they do or think,is found in...
b. Perception
1047__ Three categories of user including: primary, secondary, and the last, is that true? If not, what else?
b. Primary, secondary, and tertiary
836__ Review is NOT one of the seven secrets that Kelley (2001) describles for better brainstorms, is that true? If not, what else?
b. Review
1129__ Users' reactions and performance to scenarios,manuals,simulations & prototypes are observed,recorded and analysed
b. TRUE
273__ Designing interactive products to support the way people communicate and interact in their everyday and working lives
b. TRUE
464__ Having a good understanding of the problem space can help inform the product
b. TRUE
816__ Receive from Customer is TRUE in Conceptual design, is that true? If not, what else?
b. Transform from user requirements/needs
1085__ Usability laboratory is a laboratory that is designed for usability testing, is that true? If not, what else?
b. Usability testing
715__ One of the dangers of producing running prototypes is: Manager like it, is that true? If not, what else?
b. User may believe that the prototype is the system
1135__ VR/VE stands for Virtual Relationship/Virtual Entry, is that true? If not, what else?
b. Virtual Reality/Virtual Environments
1111__ User interact system, but developer is responding to output rather than the system is...
b. Wizard of Oz
937__ Testing the size of the keys on the cell phone can be done in a school, is that true? If not, what else?
b. a laboratory
177__ Cognitive walkthroughs focus on
b. designer presents an aspect of the design & usage scenarios
842__ SPSS is one of the more popular quantitative analysis boxes, is that true? If not, what else?
b. packages
340__ Environmental requirements or context of use include the aspects of social, organizational and technical environment, is that true? If not, what else?
b. physical, social, organizational and technical environment
442__ Geert Hofstede, management theorist identified "dimensions' of national culture including living distance, idividualism,masculinity - femininity, and uncertainty avoidance, is that true? If not, what else?
b. power distance, idividualism,masculinity - femininity, and uncertainty avoidance
696__ Novices can learn the
basic functionality quickly- Why are DM interfaces so enjoyable
1103__ Used mainly as the
basis for evaluating systems- Usability principles
169__ Co-operation of people
being observed is required-Ethnography
985__ The kind of coupling to use
between the physical action and digital effect
1016__ The �gulfs� explicate the gaps that exist
between the user and the interface
459__ HCI has moved
beyond designing interfaces for desktop machines
1127__ Users read the web like a
billboard going by at 60 miles an hour-Usability versus attractiveness debate
1230__ be aware of
both people�s sensitivities and their capabilities
624__ Many designed to be very detailed and animated making them
both visually attractive and informative-Icons
441__ GUIs provide visually-based options that users need only
browse through until they recognize one- Recognition versus recall
987__ The main methods are
bserving, asking users, asking,experts
859__ Semi-structured - guided
by a script but interesting issues can be explored in more depth. Can provide a good balance between richness and replicability
482__ How many rules of Conversational mechanisms?
c 3
167__ Closed questions have no predetermined format, is that true? If not, what else?
c A predetermined answer format, e.g., �yes�or �no�
201__ Conflicts with design principles is mistake made when designing interface metaphors, is that true? If not, what else?
c All of the above
237__ Data gathering techniques can be combined depending on participants, is that true? If not, what else?
c All of the answers
125__ Benefits of conceptualizing a design early encourages design team: Asking about how the conceptual model will be understood by targeted users, is that true? If not, what else?
c Asking about how the conceptual model will be understood by targeted users
620__ Manipulating interaction modeling is NOT user & system act as dialog partners, if NOT, what else?
c Capitalize users' knowledge of how they do in physical world
395__ Feedback, is NOT principle of "Determine ways of restricting kinds of user interaction that can take place at a given moment", so whats in these?
c Constraint
215__ Context of use, user experience, culture differences, user groups optimize interaction between users & interactive product requires, is that true? If not, what?
c Context of use, types of activity, culture differences, user groups
1123__ Users moving through virtual or physical environment is instructing interaction modeling, is that true? If not, what else?
c Describing how users carry out their tasks by telling the system what to do
349__ Evaluate aspects of interactive product is NOT central to interaction design, so what is?
c Determine how to create quality user experiences
1050__ Three principles of User-centered design are on time focus, Empirical measurement, Iterative design, is that true? If not, what else?
c Early focus, Empirical measurement, Iterative design
643__ Memorability refers to the way a product support users in carrying out their task, is that true? If not, what it is?
c Efficiency
496__ Identify needs & establishing is NOT basic activities in Interaction Design, but:
c Evaluating needs & task-domains through users experience
48__ Activity Theory is used for analyzing collaborative work, is that true? If not, what else?
c Explains human behaviorin terms of our practical activity with the world
1055__ Traditional �waterfall� lifecycle defines iterative framework so ideas can be checked and evaluated, is that true? If not, what else?
c From top to down engineering
874__ Simple quantitative analysis should be semi-structured, is that true? If not, what else?
c Graphical representations
771__ Problems with online questionnaires preventing individuals from responding more than two, is that true? If not, what else?
c Individuals have also been known to change questions in email questionnaires
646__ Memory refers to how the info is acquired from the environment via the different sense organs, is that true? If not, what else?
c Perception
902__ Stress that it is a description of the user interface is referred to define conceptual model, is that true? If not, what else?
c Point out that it is a structure outlining the concept and relationship between user interfaces
1001__ The relationship between users experience & product concepts is one of components on conceptual model of Johnson & Henderson (2002), is that true? If not, what else?
c The concepts that users are exposed to through the product
997__ The primary in stakeholders means the who is frequent hands-on, is that true? If not, what else?
c The who is frequent hands-on
1046__ Those who receive output from the product are the users/stakeholders, is that true? If not, what else?
c Those who in the primary, the secondary, the tertiary
516__ In requirement design, scenarios focus on initially interpretation before deeper analysis, is that true? If not, what else?
c Used to articulate existing and envisioned work practices.
781__ Pros when using interface metaphors is involving manipulating objects and capitalizing users knowledge, is that true? If not, what else?
c Used to explain unfamiliar or hard to grasp things
75__ An increasingly popular form of well-designed interfaces is to create agents and other virtual characters as part of an interface, is that true? If not, what else?
c anthropomorphism
917__ Talk and the way it is managed is integral to collaborative technology, is that true? If not, what else?
c coordinating social activities
1211__ Windows interfaces can be defined as represented applications, objects, commands, and tools that were opened when clicked on, is that true? If not, what else?
c could be scrolled, stretched, overlapped, opened, closed, and moved around the screen using the mouse
1212__ Windows interfaces can be
c could be scrolled, stretched, overlapped, opened, closed, and moved around the screen using the mouse
595__ Language/action framework was developed to take place when a group of people act or interact together to achieve something, is that true? If not, what else?
c inform the design of systems to help people work more effectively through improving the way they communicate with one another
381__ Explain the interactions environment they are working in is co-ordination mechanism, is that true? If not, what else?
c take place when a group of people act or interact together to achieve something
839__ Rules of Conversational mechanisms are followings, is that true? If not, what else?
c the current speaker chooses the next speaker by asking an opinion
85__ Another person decides to start speaking is rule 1 of Conversational mechanisms, is that true? If not, what else?
c the current speaker chooses the next speaker by asking an opinion
325__ Elicit good feelings in people are concerned with affective aspects of interaction design, is that true? If not, what else?
c the way interactive systems make people respond in emotional ways
1093__ Usability testing was the dominant evaluation approach in the 70s, is that true? If not, what else?
c. 1980s
244__ Debriering session in which experts work together to prioritize problems in...step of heuristic evaluation
c. 3
1025__ There are 2 key issues in Data gathering, is that true? If not, what else?
c. 4
1259__ there are 3 basic activities in Interaction Design, is that true? If not, what else?
c. 4
1264__ there are 6 steps in DECIDE framework help you plan your evaluation studies and to reminde you about the issues you need to think about, is that true? If not, what else?
c. 6
22__ 4 is median value of the series numbers (4,5,6,7,7,8,8,8,9), is that true? If not, what else?
c. 7
109__ Awareness is NOT one of the evaluation approachs, is that true? If not, what else?
c. Awareness
726__ Overhearing and overseeing-allows tracking of what others are doing without explicit cues,is found in...
c. Awareness
305__ Distributed cognition approach is introduce in Chapter 1, is that true? If not, what else?
c. Chapter 3
723__ Optimizing the interaction between users and interactive products require taking into account a number of interdependent factors,including...
c. Cultural differences,User groups,Feedback
833__ Researchers at Berkerley (Newman et al.,2003) have been developing a tool to support the informal sketching and prototyping of websites called SKETCH, is that true? If not, what else?
c. DENIM
320__ Easy for coding is value of prototype in design, is that true? If not, what else?
c. Effective role playing exercise
1174__ What is the sixth step of DECIDE framework?
c. Evaluate, analyze, interpret and present the data
1219__ You can test out ideas for yourself is not TRUE in why we use prototype, is that true? If not, what else?
c. Help to create lifecycle model
77__ Analytical evaluation is an approach that include: Heuristic evaluation, field study, and modeling, is that true? If not, what else?
c. Heuristic evaluation, walkthroughs, and modeling
141__ CMM international standard is used in HCI, is that true? If not, what else?
c. ISO13407
615__ Make first questions easy and non-threatening,is step of...
c. Interview
236__ Data gathering for requirement including: interview, observation, and studying documentation, is that true? If not, what else?
c. Interview, questionaire, observation, and studying documentation
344__ Especially for those with poor manual dexterity or 'fat' fingers,is issue of...
c. Mobile interface
156__ Capture user characteristic is not True of Personas, is that true? If not, what else?
c. Not real people, but synthesised from real user characteristics
934__ Tester is involved in Interaction Design, is that true? If not, what else?
c. Process
847__ Sampling can be a problem when the size of a population is unknown as is common online,is issue of...
c. Questionnarie
510__ In evaluating,can the study be replicated?is...
c. Reliability
12__ ...have therapeutic qualities,being able to reduce stress and loneliness
c. Robots interface
920__ Tangible interfaces are type of interaction and they use color-based, , is that true? If not, what else?
c. Sensor-based
879__ Small trial run is pilot study, is that true? If not, what else?
c. Small trial run
457__ Guide those who are vague or ambiguous in their requests for information or services,is issue of...
c. Speech interface
1147__ Waterfall is NOT one of the lifecyle models in software engineering, is that true? If not, what else?
c. Star
219__ Conversations are supported in real-time through voice and/or typing can be found in...
c. Synchronous computer-mediated communication
1189__ When problems are found in user testing, fix them and carry out more tests is found in...
c. User-centered analysis
173__ Cognitive walkthroughs are guided by the first question
c. Will the correct action be sufficiently evident to the user?
446__ Getting requirements right is crucial, is that true? If not, what else?
c. crucial
708__ Observation may be...,in the field or in controlled setting
c. direct and indirect
230__ Danger that users think they have a full system is...
c. high-fidelity
176__ Cognitive walkthroughs experts focus on
c. is told the assumptions about user population, context of use, task details
1086__ Usability means easy to...
c. learn
409__ Fitts�Law is useful for evaluating systems for which ... to locate an object is important, e.g., a cell phone, a handheld devices
c. the time
240__ Data requirements capture the required data of type, volatility, size/amount, accuracy and value, is that true? If not, what else?
c. type, volatility, size/amount, persistence, accuracy and value
134__ Building interactive prototypes that
can be communicated and assessed- What is involved in the processof interaction design
834__ Restricting the possible actions that
can be performed- Constraints
79__ Analyzing video and data logs
can be timeconsuming-Ethnography
913__ Tagged physical objects (e.g., bricks, blocks) that are manipulated in a physical world (e.g., placed on a surface)
can result in other physical and digital events- Manipulating
1159__ Well-designed interfaces
canelicit good feelings in users
365__ Experienced users can work extremely rapidly to
carry out a wide range of tasks, even defining new functions- Why are DM interfaces so enjoyable
468__ Helps overcome some of the navigation problems associated with
cascading menus-Contextual menus
677__ Need to determine how to brand a web page to
catch and keep �eyeballs�-Usability versus attractiveness debate
998__ The principle here is that the data is divided up into elements and each element is then categorized, can be found in�.
categorizing data
136__ But also content and navigation are
central
810__ Questions can be
closed or open-Questionnaires
867__ Shneiderman (1983)
coined the term Direct Manipulation
178__ Collections of
comments, incidents, and artifacts are made-Ethnography
673__ Naming most
common means of encoding them
790__ Provide clear instructionson how to
complete the questionnaire-Questionnaire design
313__ Don�t overload users� memories with
complicated procedures for carrying out tasks- Design implications
609__ Made up of 4 core threads
compositional,, sensual,, emotional, spatio-temporal- Technology as Experience
1021__ Theories tend to be
comprehensive, explaining human�computer interactions
143__ Came from his fascination with
computer games at the time- Direct manipulation
736__ People find it easier to learn and talk about what they are doing at the
computer interface in terms familiar to them - Interface metaphors
692__ Not to become narrowly focused early on, we have to....
conceptualizing a design in general terms early on in the design process
58__ Affective aspects are
concerned with how interactive systems make people respond in emotional ways
651__ Misunderstandings can arise when the system does not know how to parse what the user says
cons of conversational model
1285__ �.is how well it produces the same results on separate occasions under the same circumstances
consistency
1125__ Users notify others as opposed to being
constantly monitored
828__ Reports usually
contain examples-Ethnography
520__ In turn, this can lead the design team to articulate the importance of ...... as a relationship
containership
84__ Another factor that affects the extent to which information can be subsequently retrieved is the �. in which it is encoded
context
110__ Back channeling to signal to
continue and following
298__ Direct observation in
controlled environments-Observation
826__ Remote robots can be
controlled to investigate bombs and other dangerous materials-Robotic interfaces
99__ Assumes that direct manipulation interfaces enable users to feel that they are directly
controlling the digital objects
521__ In..., rules are cycled through recursively
conversational
907__ Such .... mechanisms enable people to coordinate their �talk� with one another, allowing them to know how to start and stop
conversational
1060__ Turn-taking used to
coordinate conversation
1065__ Type of sensor-based interaction, where physical objects, e.g., bricks, are
coupled with digital representations-Tangible interfaces
490__ IDEO:
creates products, services and environments for companies pioneering new ways to provide value to their customers
82__ Annotation involves modifying existing representations through making marks
crossing off, ticking, underlining- Annotation and cognitive tracing
1225__ always use ctrl key plus first initial of the command for an operation
ctrl+C, ctrl+S, ctrl+O- Consistency
132__ Break conventional and
cultural rules
195__ Conceptual model establishes a set of common terms they all understand and agree upon, is that true? If not, what else?
d A high-level description of how a system is organized and operates
274__ Designing usable interactive products DONT require their activities are interacted, if not what else?
d All of above
336__ Encouraging a good response should be ensure questionnaire is well designed, is that true? If not, what else?
d All of answers
277__ Designs imply what for attention?
d All the above
258__ Design feedback & simplicity helps the way people communicate and interact in their everyday lives, if NOT? What it is?
d Analyzing & evaluating aspects
689__ Not Cognition, components is not related in Interaction Design, it is:
d Chrestomathy
251__ Declarations is not the form of speech act theory, is that true? If not, what else?
d Decorative
777__ Products ID supports the way people communicate and interact in everyday lives, which means?
d Design interactive products to support the way people communicate and interact in their everyday lives
135__ Building need activity is NOT the very much at the heart of interaction design, so what?
d Evaluating what has been build
101__ Attention is a state of mind in which we act & react effectively & effortlessly, is that true? If not, what else?
d Experiential
860__ Semi-structured interviews are replicable but may lack richness, is that true? If not, what else?
d Good balance between richness and replicability
742__ Perception involves thinking, comparing and decision-making, that leads to creativity, is that true? If not, what else?
d Reflective cognition
873__ Simple qualitative analysis should be averages, is that true? If not, what else?
d Semi-structured
1077__ Usability engineering lifecycle model defines: from top to down engineering, is that true? If not, what else?
d Stages of identifying requirements, designing, evaluating, prototyping
954__ The best way to present your findings depends on the audience, the presentation, the data gathering and analysis undertaken, is that true? If not, what else?
d The audience, the purpose, the data gathering and analysis undertaken
33__ A fundamental aspect of interactive design is to understand user experience and interaction product, is that true? If not, what else?
d To develop a conceptual model
652__ Models are typically abstracted from a contributing discipline that can be apply in interaction design, is that true? If not, what else?
d Typically abstracted from a contributing discipline that can be apply in interaction design
386__ Exploring interaction modeling is describing how users carry out their tasks by telling the system what to do, is that true? If not, what else?
d Users moving through virtual or physical environment
1143__ Visibility, Constraints, Feedback, Adaption is not the design principles, so what it is?
d Visibility, Constraints, Feedback, Consistency
90__ Anthropomorphism is the attribution of informative and fun, is that true? If not, what else?
d human qualities to objects
329__ Emotional agents are formed, often to be understood as 3D characters in video games or other forms of entertainment, is that true? If not, what else?
d predefined personality and set of moods that are manipulated by users
493__ Icons interfaces can be defined as a mouse controlling the cursor as a point of entry to the windows, menus, and icons on the screen, is that true? If not, what else?
d represented applications, objects, commands, and tools that were opened when clicked on
81__ Animated agents are formed, often to be understood as predefined personality and set of moods that are manipulated by users, is that true? If not, what else?
d tutors, wizards and helpers intended to help users perform a task
172__ Cognitive walkthroughs are guided by ... questions
d. 3
229__ Dancing butter,drinks,breakfast cereals,is known as...
d. Anthropomorphism
1098__ Use techniques that make standout like colour,ordering,spacing,underlining,sequencing and animation,is designed for...
d. Attention
1175__ What kinds of data need to be stored?is...
d. Data req
372__ Experiments test is...
d. Discover new knowledge by investigating the relationship between two or more things
42__ A software protoype can set expectations too high is NOT problem of high-fidelity, is that true? If not, what else?
d. Easy to develop
332__ Enable you to be able to analyze data gathered from observation studies is not one of true main aim of the Chapter 8, is that true? If not, what else?
d. Enable you to be able to analyze data gathered from ethnographys
271__ Designers controlling experiment, is a study that is performed in a laboratory, is that true? If not, what else?
d. Evaluator
857__ Selective coding is NOT one of the approach to analysis in the Grounded theory, is that true? If not, what else?
d. Formative coding
1042__ They use three theorical frameworks, including grounded theory, field study, and activity theory, is that true? If not, what else?
d. Grounded theory, distributed cognition, and activity theory
1003__ The second step of DECIDE framework points to
d. Identify the practical issues
16__ ...is cognitive
d. Interacting with technology
356__ Evaluating the design is NOT one of three fundamental activities that are recognized in all design, is that true? If not, what else?
d. Measure the design
548__ Interface type in 2000s included Advanced Graphical, Web, Speech and Appliance, is that true? If not, what else?
d. Mobile, muptimodal, shareable, tangible, wearable, robotic, augmented and mixed reality
1097__ Use low-fidelity prototyping to get rapid feedback is NOT key guiding principle of conceptual design, is that true? If not, what else?
d. Move to a solution too quickly
479__ How fast will they be stored(e.g.database)?is...
d. Non-functional req
720__ Onsite working is NOT one of steps in user-centered approach, is that true? If not, what else?
d. Onsite working
527__ Individuals have also been known to change questions,is issue of...
d. Questionnarie
645__ Memory involves 2 processes...
d. Recall-directed and recognition-based
882__ Some attributes of prototype may be expensive and complex, is that true? If not, what else?
d. Simple, cheap, and quick to produce
827__ Replicable but may lack richness is found in...
d. Structured qualitative analysis
1177__ What to prototype?
d. Technical issues
508__ In evaluating, is it measuring what you expected?is...
d. Validity
175__ Cognitive walkthroughs are guided by the third question
d. Will the user associate and interpret the response from the action correctly?
1167__ What is a prototype?
d. all the answers
164__ Choose the DECIDE evaluation approach & methods for
d. all the answers
401__ Field studies can be used in product design to
d. all the answers
608__ Low-fidelity Prototyping is
d. all the answers
1080__ Usability goals include efficiency, safety, utility, learnability, and memorability, is that true? If not, what else?
d. effectiveness, efficiency, safety, utility, learnability, and memorability
982__ The keystroke model allows .. to be made about how long it takes an expert user to perform a task
d. predictions
897__ Start soon after
data gathering session-Data interpretation and analysis
1096__ Use a combination of
data gathering techniques-Some basic guidelines
137__ But before
deciding upon these it is important to develop a conceptual model- From problem space to design space
613__ Major problem is
deciding where and how to save them all, then remembering what they were called and where to find them again
533__ Initial interpretation before
deeper analysis-Data interpretation and analysis
886__ Some tasks are better achieved through
delegating rather than manipulating- disadvantageswith DM
1075__ Usability and preference for these control devices varies
depends on the dexterity and commitment of the user-Mobile challenges
872__ Similar to
design principles, except more prescriptive- Usability principles
200__ Conflict with
design principles- Problems with interface metaphors (Nelson, 1990)
676__ Need to consider how best to
design,present, and structure information and system behavior
864__ Shareable interfaces are
designed for more than one person to use-Shareable interfaces
600__ Left dialog box was
designed for white American females- Marcus (1992)
829__ Representations of information need to be
designed to be perceptible and recognizable- Design implications
750__ Physical objects can be
designed to constrain things- Constraints
460__ HCI has traditionally been about
designing efficient and effective systems- Affective aspects
266__ Designed to be similar to a physical entity but also has own properties
desktop metaphor, search engine- Interface metaphors
335__ Encoding is first stage of memory
determines which information is attended to in the environment and how it is interpreted- Processing in memory
1140__ Very common interaction type underlying a range of
devices and systems- Instructing
780__ Props
devices for prompting interviewee, e.g., a prototype, scenario-Enriching the interview process
731__ Payne (1991)
did a similar study and found that people frequently resort to analogies to explain how they work
627__ Many people from
different backgrounds involved- Working in multidisciplinaryteams
186__ Communication takes place remotely at
different times
301__ Disadvantages
difficult to communicate and progress forward the designs being create- Working in multidisciplinaryteams
803__ Qualitative data
difficult to measure sensibly as numbers, e.g. count number of words to measure dissatisfaction
707__ Observation may be
direct or indirect, in the field or in controlled setting
698__ Nowadays, more emphasis on making pages
distinctive, striking, and pleasurable-Web interfaces
83__ Annoying and frustrating
e.g. Clippy- Disadvantages of Virtual characters
1156__ Web used to deceive people into parting with personal details
e.g. paypal, ebay and won the lottery letters- Phishing and trust
697__ Now more about how to design interactive systems that make people respondin certain ways
e.g. to be happy, to be trusting, to learn, to be motivated- Affective aspects
530__ Information at the interface should be structured to capture users� attention
e.g. use perceptual boundaries (windows),colour, reverse video, sound and flashing lights- Attention
405__ File management systems should be designed to optimize both kinds of memory processes
e.g., Search box and history list
185__ Common method used to coordinate collaborative activities,
e.g., checklists, tables, to-do lists- Shared external representations
622__ Many applications have been developed
e.g., email, videoconferencing, videophones, computer conferencing, instant messaging, chatrooms-Designing technologies to support conversations
686__ Non-verbal also used to emphasize and as substitute
e.g., nods, shakes, winks, glances, gestures and hand-raising- Verbal and non-verba communication
1241__ identify any incorrect assumptions they may have about particular user groups
e.g., not all old people want or need big fonts
1179__ When a group of people act or interact together they need to coordinate themselves
e.g., playing football, navigating a ship-Coordination mechanisms
1226__ appreciate that one size does not fit all
e.g., teenagers are very different to grown-ups
71__ Amusing to the designer but not the user
e.g.,Clicking on a link to a website only to discover that it is still �under construction�
70__ Also use of icons and shorthand in texting and instant messaging has emotional connotations,
e.g.I 12 CU 2NITE-created expressiveness
1139__ Various mechanisms and �rules� are followed when holding a conversation
e.g.mutual greetings- Conversational mechanisms
693__ Not to become narrowly focused
early on- Helps the design team
148__ Can enable
easier learning, better understanding, more engagement, and more pleasure-Interfaces and interactions
166__ Closed questions are
easier to analyze, and may be done by computer-Questionnaires
610__ Main benefit is consistent interfaces are
easier to learn and use- Consistency
87__ Another reason is that the way in which you present your requirements may affect your analysis, since it will enable you to identify and express some aspects more ...
easily than others
1279__ �. concerns how the environment in which an evaluation is conducted influences or even distorts the results
ecological validity
130__ Bordering and spacing are
effective visual ways of grouping information- Design implications
519__ In the early days of usability testing, user tests were conducted to investigate the �. of specific features of an interface
efficacy
297__ Digital effects can take place in a number of media and places or can be
embedded in the physical object-Tangible interfaces
289__ Different approaches
emphasize different elements-Data interpretation and analysis
852__ Scroll bars within windows also
enable more information to be-Windows
881__ Social mechanisms, like turn-taking, conventions, etc.,
enable us to collaborate and coordinate our activities
564__ Involves first
encoding and then retrieving knowledge- Memory
1000__ The purpose of expectation management is to ....
ensure that there are no surprises for users when the product arrives
501__ Identifying needs and
establishing requirements for the user experience- What is involved in the processof interaction design
1151__ We don�t remember
everything - involves filtering and processing what is attended to- Memory
14__ ...involves evolving a prototype into the final product
evolutionary prototyping
139__ By ____ it is meant how a product behaves and is used by people in the real world
experience
580__ It is important to point out that one cannot design a user ____ only design for a user ______
experience
514__ In particular, one cannot design a sensual ..... but only create the design ...... that can evoke it.
experience, features
74__ An approach to ethnographic study where user is
expert, designer is apprentice-Contextual Inquiry
421__ Formal meetings
explicit structures such as agendas, memos, and minutes are employed to coordinate the activity- Verbal and non-verba communication
808__ Quantitative data
expressed as numbers
800__ Qualitative analysis
expresses the nature of elements and is represented as themes, patterns,stories
714__ One of the benefits of using ... embellishments is that they provide reassuring feedback to the user
expressive
887__ Sometimes ....have the opposite effect on people
expressive embellishments
51__ Advanced graphical interfaces exist now that
extend how users can access,explore, and visualize information-Advanced graphical interfaces
1015__ The wide diversity of user experience gives rise to a range of features that evaluators must be able to evaluate
false
1028__ There are four types of experimental design, that's true
false
1041__ They define a UI as an abstraction that outlines what people can do with a product and what concepts are needed to understand how to interact with it
false
712__ Once these requirements have been established, they are used to create a design artifact such as laboratory, because it is easier for the evaluators to control the evaluation process
false
968__ The evaluation period, in which the experts are told what to do. A prepared script is useful as a guide and to ensure each person receives the same briefing.
false
979__ The heuristics focus the experts' attention on particular issues, so selecting appropriate heuristics is minnor important
false
1121__ Users gain confidence and mastery and
feel in control- Why are DM interfaces so enjoyable
150__ Can have a higher level of
fidelity with the objects they represent, c.f. multimedia-Interfaces and interactions
309__ Do not involve controlled tests in a laboratory
field studies typically
561__ Involve observation and interviews
field studies typically
776__ Produce qualitative data
field studies typically|Identify practical issues:how to
106__ Averages-Mode
figure that appears most often in the data
671__ Multiple windows can make it difficult to
find desired one, so techniques used-Windows
487__ How to switch attention between them to
find information needed without getting distracted
941__ The ... step in qualitative analysis is to gain an overall impression of the data and to start looking for patterns.
first
1268__ understand how to design interactive products that
fit with what people want, need and may desire- Why go to this length
40__ A number of menu interface styles
flat lists, drop-down, pop-up, contextual, and expanding ones-Menu
952__ The benefit of a�. is that it allows diverse or sensitive issues to be raised that might otherwise be missed
focus group
664__ Most popular use of speech interfaces currently is
for call routing-Get me a human operator
5__ ....involves assigning certain roles to people and prescribing a priori the types of turns that people are allowed to take in a conversation
formal communication
1059__ Tullis (1987)
found that the two screens produced quite different results
165__ Choose the evaluation approachand methods
framework to guide evaluation
246__ Decide how to deal with the ethical issues
framework to guide evaluation
280__ Determine the goals
framework to guide evaluation
351__ Evaluate, analyze, interpret and present the data
framework to guide evaluation
498__ Identify the practical issues
framework to guide evaluation
660__ More fluid and direct styles of interaction involving
freehand and pen-based gestures
801__ Qualitative and quantitative data may be gathered
from any of the three main data gathering approaches
410__ Flashing animations, especially flashing banner ads and pop-up ads, which are very distracting, make me....
frustrated
539__ Interaction design is the umbrella term covering all of these aspects
fundamental to all disciplines, fields, and approaches concerned with researching and designing computerbased systems for people
1117__ Users can immediately see if their actions are
furthering their goals and if not do something else- Why are DM interfaces so enjoyable
711__ On-board ship data analysis system for
geologists searching for oil-Kinds of requirements
1155__ Web interfaces are
getting more like GUIs
428__ Four key issues of data gathering
goals, triangulation, participant relationship, pilot
37__ A main benefit of instructing is to support quick and efficient interaction
good for repetitive kinds of actions performed on multiple objects- Instructing
180__ Combines different media within a single interface with various forms of interactivity
graphics, text, video, sound, and animations-Multimedia
1013__ The way an interface is designed can
greatly affect how well users can perceive, attend, learn and remember how to do their tasks
1036__ There is a wealth of resources now so do not have to draw or invent icons from scratch
guidelines,style guides,icon builders,libraries
308__ Do not always
have a clear goal in mind but react to the world
683__ Nielsen Norman Group:
help companies enter the age of the consumer, designing human-centered products and services
206__ Consider what might
help people in the way they currently do things- Understanding users� needs
794__ Provide users with a variety of ways of encoding digital information to
help them remember where they have stored them| e.g., categories, color, flagging, time stamping- Design implications
795__ Provides a framework that focuses analysis around the concept of an �activity� and
helps to identify tensions between the different elements of the system
786__ Provide a framework for
heuristic evaluation- Usability principles
10__ ...evaluate whether user-interface elements, such as dialog boxes, menus, navigation structure, online help, etc., conform to the principles
heuristics
440__ GUIs now
highly inviting, emotionally appealing, and feel alive-Icons
644__ Memorability refers to
how easy a product is to remember how to use, once learned.
598__ Learnability refers to
how easy a system is to learn to use.
323__ Effectiveness refers to
how good a product is at doing what it is supposed to do
333__ Enables calculations to be made of
how long a user will take to carry out a task- Model Human processor(Card et al, 1983)
779__ Proposes that digital objects be designed so they can be interacted with analogous to
how physical objects are manipulated- Direct manipulation
738__ People make inferencesusing mental models of
how to carry out tasks- Mental models
863__ Several guidelines around that recommend
how to combine multiple media for different kinds of task
252__ Deep versus shallow models
how to drive a car and how it works- Mental models
465__ Help designers think about
how to help users monitor their actions
89__ Anthropomorphism is said to be....
human quality to object propensity
891__ Specific usability and user experience goals need to be
identified, clearly documented and agreed at the beginning of the project- Core characteristics of interaction design
117__ Basic information would be recorded
identify each house-hold,head of house,members,age and medical history
282__ Develop new conceptual frameworks that
identify novel and specific features
1005__ The study goals provide an orienting focus for the formulation of themes, can be found in�.
identifying recurring patterns
214__ Context is
important in affecting our memory (i.e., where, when)- Memory
138__ But considering alternatives is
important to�break out of the box�-Where do alternatives come from
797__ Providing larger-sized tabletops does not
improve group working but encourages more division of labor
741__ Percentages and averages are commonly used
in Interaction Design
299__ Directed dialogs are where the system is
in control of the conversation-Format
452__ Got the computer to perform a range of different calculations and recalculations
in response to user input
562__ Involve users
in the design process- Goals of interaction design
192__ Computers would be designed to be embedded
in the environment-Ubicomp
855__ Selecting things to concentrate on at a point
in time from the mass of stimuli around us- Attention
28__ A cool-off period
include a few easy questions to defuse tension at the end-Running the interview
980__ The impact of a question can be
influenced by question order-Questionnaire design
416__ Focuses on
information propagation &transformation-Distributed Cognition
1222__ a goal-directed problem solving activity informed by
intended use, target domain, materials, cost, and feasibility
1251__ provide new kinds of experience, enabling users to
interact with objects and navigate in 3D space-Virtual reality and virtual environments
621__ Manipulating
interacting with objects in a virtual or physical space by manipulating them
221__ Conversing
interacting with the system as if having a conversation
966__ The do�s and don�ts of
interaction design- Design principles
107__ Avoid cluttering the
interface - follow the google.com example of crisp, simple design-Design implications for attention
227__ Craik (1943) described mental models as
internal constructions of some aspect of the external world enabling predictions to be made- Mental models
1049__ Three main data gathering methods
interviews, questionnaires, observation
557__ Introduction
introduce yourself, explain the goals of the interview, reassure about the ethical issues,ask to record, present any informed consent form-Running the interview
1128__ Users should be
involved through the development of the project- Core characteristics of interaction design
796__ Provides a persona that is welcoming, has personality and makes user feel
involved with them- Virtual characters
232__ Data analysis
is continuous-Ethnography
447__ Getting requirements right
is crucial
614__ Major rethink of what HCI
is in this context-Ubicomp
536__ Instructing
issuing commands using keyboard and function keys and selecting options via menus
749__ Physical actions and button pressing instead of
issuing commands with complex syntax- Core principles of DM
745__ Peripheral awareness
keeping an eye on things happening in the periphery of vision, Overhearing and overseeing - allows tracking of what others are doingwithout explicit cues
903__ Strike a balance between using white space and
keeping the questionnaire compact-Questionnaire design
420__ Form, name types and structure are
key research questions-Research and design issues
319__ Early websites were
largely text-based, providing hyperlinks-Web interfaces
909__ Supply theories, modelling tools, guidance and methods that can
lead to the design of better interactive products
1119__ Users develop an understanding of a system through
learning and using it- Mental models
939__ Text should be
legible and distinguishable from the background- Design implications
1120__ Users experience
less anxiety- Why are DM interfaces so enjoyable
218__ Conventions
like keeping quiet in a library, are a form of courtesy to others
422__ Formal rules
like the writing of monthly reports enable organizations to maintain order and keep track
293__ Different kinds of prototyping
low fidelity,high fidelity
350__ Evaluate multiple design concept. Useful communication device. Address screen layout issues. All are advantage of....
low-fidelity prototype
943__ The ..... that are used to convey to the user how to understand what a product is for and how to use it for an activity.
major metaphors and analogies
1146__ Warm-up
make first questions easy and non-threatening-Running the interview
111__ Badly designed interfaces
make people angry and frustrated
68__ Allows users, especially novices and technophobes, to interact with the system in a way that is familiar
makes them feel comfortable, at ease and less scared- pros of conversational model
602__ Lifecycle models are
management tools,simplified versions of reality-Lifecycle models
885__ Some people take the metaphor of direct
manipulation too literally- disadvantageswith DM
942__ The .... between the concept and the user experience the product is designed to support or invoke.
mappings
196__ Concerned with explaining how we interact with external representations
maps, notes, diagrams- External cognition
105__ Averages-Median
middle value of data when ranked
662__ More usual for stages to be
missed, repeated or out of order
819__ Reduce the chance of
misunderstandings and confusion arising later on- Helps the design team
126__ Benefits
more ideas and designs generated- Working in multidisciplinaryteams
1276__ when frightened or angry we focus narrowly and body responds by tensing muscles and sweating
more likely to be less tolerant- Claims from model
1277__ when happy we are less focused and the body relaxes
more likely to overlook minor problems and be more creative- Claims from model
866__ She may also have a tendency to concentrate �. usability aspect at the expense of missing others.
more on one
940__ The ... attention that is paid to something and the ... it is processed in terms of thinking about it and comparing it with other knowledge
more, more
209__ Consistency is
most important design principle-Research and design issues
385__ Exploit�s users� knowledge of how they
move and manipulate in the physical world- Manipulating
387__ Exploring
moving through a virtual environment or a physical space
1141__ Virtual objects can be manipulated by
moving, selecting, opening, and closing them- Manipulating
394__ Facilitates rapid access to
multiple representations of information-Interfaces and interactions
603__ Limits designers� imagination in coming up with
new conceptual models- Problems with interface metaphors (Nelson, 1990)
691__ Not all tasks can be described by objects and
not all actions can be done directly- disadvantageswith DM
1071__ Unstructured - are
not directed by a script.Rich but not replicable
461__ HTA focuses on physical and observable actions,and includes looking at actions
not related to software or an interaction device-Hierarchical Task Analysis
806__ Quantitative analysis
numerical methods to ascertain size, magnitude, amount
814__ Rapid reversible actions with immediate feedback on
object of interest- Core principles of DM
45__ Able to capitalize on the hugely successful phenomenon
of blogging - Assumptions
346__ Establish a set
of common terms they all understand and agree upon- Helps the design team
257__ Describes these in terms
of propagation across representational state-Distributed cognition
295__ Different perspectives and ways
of seeing and talking about things- Working in multidisciplinaryteams
202__ Conjures up the essence of the unfamiliar activity, enabling users to leverage
of this to understand more aspects of the unfamiliar functionality - Interface metaphors
924__ Task descriptions are
often used to envision new systems or devices-Task analysis
809__ Questionnaires may be
on paper, online or telephone
1064__ Two key models
one outlines what constitutes an �activity�; one models the mediating role of artifacts
560__ Involve more than
one representative from each stakeholder group-Some basic guidelines
658__ More flexible navigation, allowing for selection of
options to be done in the same window-Expanding menus
849__ Schedules used to
organize regular activities in large organizations
383__ Explains human behavior in terms of
our practical activity with the world-Activity Theory
766__ Presentation of the findings should not
overstate the evidence
275__ Designing user experiences for people using interfaces that are
part of the environment with no controlling devices
243__ Debate about differences between
participant observation and ethnography-Ethnography
347__ Ethnography is a philosophy with a set of techniques that include
participant observation and interviews-Ethnography
338__ Ensuring that information, that is
passed around via interconnected displays, devices,and objects, is secure and trustworthy
1247__ interaction designers
people involved in the design of allthe interactive aspects of a product
1244__ information architects
people who come up with ideas of how to plan and structure interactive products
1274__ web designers
people who develop and create the visual design of websites, such as layouts
1271__ user experience designers (UX)
people who do all the above but who may also carry out field studies to inform the design of products
1270__ usability engineers
people who focus on evaluatingproducts, using usability methods and principles
675__ Need to bridge the gulfs in order to reduce the cognitive effort required to
perform a task- The gulfs
20__ ...techniques have been used on the web to entice, cajole, and persuade people to do something they might not have otherwise done
persuasive
737__ People like to share their
photos with the rest of the world- Assumptions
549__ Interfaces are virtual and do not have affordances like
physical objects- What does �affordance� have tooffer interaction design
339__ Environment or context of use
physical: dusty? noisy? vibration? light? heat?humidity
24__ A central concern has been to develop systems that allow people to communicate with each other when they are in .... and thus not able to communicate in the usual face-to-face manner
physically different locations
840__ Run a
pilot session-Some basic guidelines
1295__ �is involving reflective cognition
planning
1295__ �is involving reflective cognition
planning|
171__ Cognitive tracing involves externally manipulating items into different orders or structures
playing scrabble, playing cards- Annotation and cognitive tracing
345__ Especially for those with
poor manual dexterity or �fat� fingers
334__ Enables more options to be shown on a single screen than is
possible with a single flat menu-Expanding menus
625__ Many innovative interfaces have emerged
post the WIMP/GUI era, including speech,wearable, mobile, and tangible
431__ Frameworks tend to be
prescriptive, providing designers with concepts, questions, and principles to consider
611__ Main body
present questions in a logical order-Running the interview
152__ Can provide better ways of
presenting information than can either one alone-Interfaces and interactions
488__ Human activity does not
proceed in such an orderly and sequential manner
193__ Concepts that users are exposed to through the
product
262__ Design interfaces that
promote recognition rather than recall- Design implications
635__ Marcus (1992)
proposed interfaces for different user groups
844__ Safety refers to
protecting the user from dangerous conditions and undesirable situations
8__ ...can be anything from a paper-based storyboard through to a complex piece of software, and from a cardboard mockup to a molded or pressed piece of metal.
prototype
910__ Support the process withprops such as
prototypes and task descriptions-Some basic guidelines
1178__ What to provide and what not to
provide at the interface- Design principles
389__ Expressive interfaces can
provide reassuring feedback
911__ Swim:
provides a wide range of design services, in each case targeted to address the product development needs at hand
724__ Orient themselves towards asking
questions about how the conceptual model will be understood by users- Helps the design team
342__ Error messages
rarely needed- Why are DM interfaces so enjoyable
953__ The best way to ensure that development continues to take users' activities into account is to involve ... throughout development
real users
183__ Command-based interfaces require users to
recall from memory a name from a possible set of 100s- Recognition versus recall
888__ Sometimes it can be difficult for people to
recall information that was encoded in a different context
204__ Consider carefully how to
record the data-Some basic guidelines
131__ Break conventional and cultural rules
recycle bin placed on desktop- Problems with interface metaphors (Nelson, 1990)
791__ Provide external representations at the interface that
reduce memory load and facilitate computational offloading- Design implication
995__ The people, environment & artefacts are
regarded as one cognitive system-Distributed Cognition
870__ Show how activities are
related to each other-Lifecycle models
67__ Allows us to focus on information that is
relevant to what we are doing- Attention
98__ Ask specific questions and
require specific responses-Format
1037__ These are then evaluated to see if the designers have interpreted the users' requirements correctly and embodied them in their designs appropriately
requirements
1008__ The term �....� is normally used to describe the activity of investigating and analyzing an initial set of requirements that have been gathered, elicited, or captured
requirements analysis
550__ Intermittent users can
retain operational concepts over time- Why are DM interfaces so enjoyable
875__ Since has been much popularised in interaction design to discuss how to design interface objects
scrollbars to afford moving up and down, icons to afford clicking on- Affordances
506__ In Coversation, if the listener to whom the question or opinion is addressed does not accept the offer to take the floor, the ... rule is applied
second
469__ Helps prevent user from
selecting incorrect options- Constraints
788__ Provide access to often-used commands that make
sense in the context of a current task-Contextual menus
596__ Large overhead to learning
set of commands-command interfaces
481__ How knowledge is
shared and accessed- What�s involved
1027__ There are different kinds of requirement, each is
significant for interaction design
663__ Most effective icons are
similar ones-Icon forms
989__ The mapping between the representation and underlying referent can be
similar,analogical,arbitrary-Icon forms
654__ Models tend to
simplify some aspect of human�computer interaction
665__ Moving a mouse around the screen can be
slower than pressing function keys to do same actions- disadvantageswith DM
591__ Key concern is designing for
small screen real estate and limited control space
930__ Technical feasibility
some not possible-How do you choose among alternatives
522__ Includes
sound, highlighting, animation and combinations of these- Feedback
265__ Design principles of
spacing, grouping,and simplicity should be used
1294__ �is form of language processing
speaking
1294__ �is form of language processing
speaking|
1104__ Used most for inquiring about very
specific information-Speech interfaces
679__ Need to have a good understanding of the problem space
specifying what it is you aredoing, why, and how it will support users in the way intended
559__ Involve all the
stakeholder groups-Some basic guidelines
690__ Not a description of the user interface but a
structure outlining the concepts and the relationships between them- What is and why need a conceptual model
554__ Interviews may be
structured, semi-structured or unstructured
932__ Techniques can be combined depending on
study focus, participants, nature of technique and available resources
926__ Tasks are
sub-divided into sub-tasks-Hierarchical Task Analysis
362__ Evaluations that are done to assess the success of a finished product, such as those needed to satisfy a funding agency that its money has been used well or to check that a standard is being upheld, are known as�
summative evaluation
668__ Much research focus has been on how to
support conversations when people are �at a distance� from each other-Designing technologies to support conversations
220__ Conversations are
supported in real-time through voice and/or typing
197__ Concerned with extending and
supporting all manner of human activities
61__ Aims to derive theory from
systematic analysis of data-Grounded Theory
1152__ We need to
take into account cognitive processes involved and cognitive limitations of users
956__ The communication that
takes place as the collaborative activity progresses- What�s involved
965__ The distributed problem-solving that
takes place- What�s involved
1192__ Where users instruct a system by telling it what to do
tell the time, print a file, find a photo- Instructing
688__ Norman argues it does not make sense to talk about interfaces in
terms of �real� affordances- What does �affordance� have tooffer interaction design
168__ Closure
thank interviewee, signal the end,e.g, switch recorder off-Running the interview
1153__ Web browsers, MP3 players, etc., provide lists of visited URLs, song titles etc.,
that support recognition memory- Recognition versus recall
929__ Teasley et al (1994) found this not to be true
the European dialog box was preferred by all and was considered most appropriate for all users, round dialog box was strongly disliked by everyone
91__ Anthropomorphism is
the attribution of human qualities to objects
955__ The best way to present your findings depends on
the audience, the purpose, and the data gathering and analysis undertaken
961__ The data analysis that can be done depends on
the data gathering that was done
518__ In the 1980s, the prevailing paradigm in human�computer interaction was how to design user-centered applications for ...
the desktop computer
224__ Core design concerns include whether size, orientation, and shape of
the display have an effect on collaboration
977__ The gulf of evaluation
the distance from the physical system to the user
978__ The gulf of execution
the distance from the user to the physical system while the second one
1134__ Utility refers to
the extent to which the product provides the right kind of functionally so that users can do what they need or want to do
122__ Believability refers to
the extent to which users come to believe an agent�s intentions and personality
898__ Start with a user goal which is examined and
the main tasks for achieving it are identified-Hierarchical Task Analysis
310__ Do you need different versions of
the questionnaire for different populations-Questionnaire design
996__ The predominant 80s paradigm was to designuser-centred applications for
the single useron the desktop-Paradigms in HCI
108__ Avoid using too much because
the software allows it-Design implications for attention
414__ Focus on identifying
the stakeholders� needs-Some basic guidelines
419__ Forces users to only understand
the system in terms of the metaphor- Problems with interface metaphors (Nelson, 1990)
657__ More chance of error, since caller might assume that
the system is like a human-Format
324__ Efficiency refers to
the way the product supports users in carrying out their tasks.
455__ Grounded Theory, Distributed Cognition and Activity Theory are
theoretical frameworks to support data analysis
255__ Derived from a mix of
theory-based knowledge, experience and common-sense- Design principles
641__ Means of framing a designer�s thinking about pleasure, highlighting that
there are different kinds- Pleasure model
443__ Generalizable abstractions for
thinking about different aspects of design- Design principles
1154__ Web designers are
thinking great literature-Usability versus attractiveness debate
587__ Iteration is needed
through the core activities- Core characteristics of interaction design
21__ ...uses the prototypes as stepping stones towards the final design
throwaway prototyping
904__ Structured - are
tightly scripted, often like a questionnaire. Replicable but may lack richness
1221__ a decision-making activity
to balance trade-offs
144__ Can be designed
to be compact and variably positioned on a screen-Icon design
883__ Some designed
to be viewed and used by individuals-Advanced graphical interfaces
1184__ When a tool is used in conjunction with an external representation
to carry out a computation (e.g. pen and paper)- Computational offloading
76__ An increasingly popular formof anthropomorphism is
to create agents and other virtual characters as part of an interface
626__ Many new design and research questions need to be considered
to decide which one to use
938__ Text labels can be used alongside icons
to help identification for small icon sets
1118__ Users can�t tell you what they �need�
to help them achieve their goals-What are �needs�
832__ Researchers are encouraged to draw on own theoretical backgrounds
to inform analysis-Grounded Theory
287__ Diaries, reminders, calendars, notes, shopping lists, to-do lists - written
to remind us of what to do- Externalizing to reduce memory load
623__ Many collaborative technologies systems have been built
to support collaboration
1160__ What are We Trying to Achieve in the Requirements Activity?
to understand users and to produce, from the needs identified, a set of stable requirements that form a sound basis to move forward into thinking about design
384__ Exploit user�s familiar knowledge, helping them
to understand �the unfamiliar�- Interface metaphors
184__ Commands such as abbreviations typed in at the prompt
to which the system responds-command interfaces
94__ Applications include automatic diaries and
tour guides-Wearable interfaces
1290__ �Real� users, not managers
traditionally a problem in software engineering,but better now
1290__ �Real� users, not managers
traditionally a problem in software engineering,but better now|
268__ Designers are
trained to consider alternatives,software people generally are not-Where do alternatives come from
531__ Information is
transformed through different media (computers, displays, paper, heads)-Distributed cognition
502__ If interactive technologies could be designed to be more �. then it might be easier to understand them in terms of how they work and what to do when they don't
transparent
279__ Despite many advances mobile interfaces can be
tricky and cumbersome to use, c.f.GUIs
1067__ Typical users can be taught to do heuristic evaluation, although there have been claims that this approach is not very successful (Nielsen, 1994a)
true
486__ How to enable people to access and interact with information in their work, social, and everyday lives, using an assortment of technologies, is one of...
ubiquitous computing
1019__ Theoretical frameworks such as mental models and external cognition provide ways of
understanding how and why people interact with products, which can lead to thinking about how to design better products
972__ The focus of HCI was primarily on .... with scant attention being paid to the design of aesthetically pleasing interfaces
usability
975__ The goal of usability testing is to test whether the product being developed is usable by the intended user population to achieve the tasks for which it was designed
usability testing
804__ Quality must be attended to
usability,reliability,robustness,maintainability
292__ Different kinds of prototyping are
used for different purposes and at different stages
728__ Paper, email and the web
used for dissemination-Questionnaires
921__ Task analysis is
used mainly to investigate an existing situation-Task analysis
687__ Norman (1988)
used the term to discuss the design of everyday objects- Affordances
848__ Scenarios, use cases and essential use cases can be
used to articulate existing and envisioned work practices.
25__ A concept that has become central to interaction design is the ....
user experience
1275__ what is being designed, e.g.,
user interface design, software design, user-centered design, product design, web design, experience design (UX)
406__ First developments was head- and eyewearmounted cameras that enabled
user to record what seen and to access digital information-Wearable interfaces
1100__ Use tried and tested
user-centered methods- Understanding users� needs
892__ Speech output should enable
users to distinguish between the set of spoken words- Design implications
499__ Identifying and involving stakeholders
users, managers, developers, customer reps?,union reps?, shareholders
632__ Many technological advances led to a newgeneration of
user�computer environments-Paradigms in HCI
1282__ �. is concerned with whether the evaluation method measures what it is intended to measure
validity
41__ A researcher�s degree of participation can
vary along a scale from �outside� to �inside�-Ethnography
717__ One way of coping with computer-induced frustration is to ....
ven
1002__ The role of
verbal and non-verbal behavior- What�s involved
831__ Requirements management
version control,ownership
19__ ...providing a lot of detail for only a few functions
vertical prototype
640__ Mean, median and mode are different kinds of �average� and can have
very different answers for the same set of data
364__ Examples include
video conferencing, VOIP,MUDs and chat
694__ Not trustworthy
virtual shop assistants?- Disadvantages of Virtual characters
182__ Command interfaces popular for
web scripting-Research and design issues
740__ People�s accounts greatly varied and
were often ad hoc
612__ Major metaphors and analogies that are used to convey how to understand
what a product is for and how to use it for an activity
861__ Sending information back to the user about
what has been done- Feedback
1126__ Users rarely know
what is possible-What are �needs�
463__ Having a good understanding of the problem space can help inform the design space
what kind of interface, behavior, functionality to provide- From problem space to design space
1044__ Think through
what might provide quality user experiences- Understanding users� needs
682__ Need to take into account
what people are good and bad at- Understanding users� needs
604__ Listen to
what people want and get them involved- Understanding users� needs
489__ Humans stick to
what they know works-Where do alternatives come from
758__ Post-its, piles, marked emails - where placed indicates priority of
what to do- Externalizing to reduce memory load
1149__ We can provide knowledge about
what users can and cannot be expected to do
26__ A conceptual model is ahigh-level description of a product
what users can do with it and the concepts they need to understand how to interact with it
590__ Keeping aware of what others are doing and letting others know
what you are doing are important aspects of collaborative working and socialising
616__ Make information salient
when it needs attending to-Design implications for attention
567__ Involves unconscious and conscious processes,
where images and analogies are activated- Mental models
314__ Draws from Pragmatism,
which focus on the sense-making aspects of human experience- Technology as Experience
213__ Context affects the extent to
which information can be subsequently retrieved
462__ Handheld devices intended to be used
while on the move, e.g., PDAs, cell phones-Mobile interfaces
789__ Provide awareness of others
who are in different locations- Designing technologies to support awareness
565__ Involves knowing
who is around, what is happening, and who is talking with whom- Awareness mechanisms
1040__ They can provide external information on -Shared external representations
who is working on what, When it is being worked on,where it is being worked on,when a piece of work is supposed to be finished,whom it goes to next
154__ Can support more equitable participation compared
with groups using single PC-Shareable interfaces
578__ It is concerned
with how to create quality user experiences
589__ Just as people like toblog so will they want to share
with the rest of the world their photo collections and get comments back- Assumptions
69__ Allows users, especially novices and technophobes, to interact
with the system in a way that is familiar
361__ Evaluation
with users or with peers, e.g. prototypes-How do you choose among alternatives
843__ Sacks et al. (1978)
work on conversation analysis describe three basic rules
569__ Involving stakeholders
workshops, interviews,workplace studies, co-opt stakeholders onto the development team
718__ Only make claims that
your data can support-Presenting the findings
1132__ Usually done early in design to understand users� expectations
�Wizard-of-Oz� prototyping
1272__ user interacting computer,but developer is responding rather than system
�Wizard-of-Oz� prototyping