HDF 200 - Chapter 5 Questions

Some experts view the remarkable similarities in children's language acquisition all over the world as strong evidence that language has a ______ basis. cultural social biological cognitive

biological

Some experts view the remarkable similarities in children's language acquisition all over the world as strong evidence that language has a ______ basis. social cognitive biological cultural

biological

Which of the following social interactions is important in language development? equilibration caregiver responsiveness educational TV programming intensive instruction

caregiver responsiveness

Wernicke's area is associated with language Multiple choice question. enhancement. retrieval. production. comprehension.

comprehension

What must infants have in order to make generalizations about objects? Multiple choice question. habituation schemas categorization concepts

concepts

______ are cognitive groupings of similar objects, events, people, or ideas. Concepts Schemas Symbols Equilibration

concepts

The sounds that infants make to express pleasure during interactions with a caregiver are called

cooing

What is the term for the gurgling sounds that infants make in the back of their throats? mumbling cooing babbling crying

cooing

Which sound do infants demonstrate first? crying babbling gesturing cooing

crying

Andrew is an 18-month-old boy. His mother has been cleaning the house. Andrew watches her vacuum, wash the windows, and sweep the kitchen floor. The next day his mother watches as Andrew takes his toy vacuum and pretends to vacuum the floor. What cognitive technique is Andrew demonstrating? habituation explicit memory repetitive modeling deferred imitation

deferred Imitation

______ is the replication of behavior after a time delay of hours or days. Deferred imitation Explicit imitation Demonstration imitation Implicit imitation

deferred imitation

______ is the replication of behavior after a time delay of hours or days. Demonstration imitation Implicit imitation Explicit imitation Deferred imitation

deferred imitation

What is the process by which information is transferred to memory?encoding internalization assimilation habituation

encoding

Statistical learning requires feedback. reinforcement. exposure. instruction.

exposure

An infant smacking their lips to indicate that they want food or drink is an example of overextension. receptive language. gesturing. schema development.

gesturing

Which form of infant communication involves showing and pointing?

gesturing

Which of the following is NOT an example of a common first-word type for an American infant? dada ball goes kitty

goes

Chomsky proposed that a language acquisition device allows children to do all of the following, EXCEPT understand syntax. hear spoken words. understand phonetics. understand semantics.

hear spoken words

Michael Tomasello stresses that young children are intensely interested in their social world and that early on they can understand the intentions of other people, which influences their language development. This is best described as a(n) ______ view of language. interaction biological metalinguistic behavioral

interaction

After an infant babbles, her mother immediately smiles and touches her. According to the environmental influence perspective, what behavior will the infant most likely display following her mother's response? sounds signifying hunger sounds signifying distress silence more speech-like sounds

more speech like sounds

In the English language, the letters "thr" may be combined as in the word "throat." However, the letters may not be combined in the order "rht." This is an example of syntax. semantics. morphology. phonology.

phonology

______ involves how sounds are used and how sounds are combined. Morphology Syntax Semantics Phonology

phonology

Lack of _________, a type of gesture, may indicate a problem in a baby's ability to communicate.

pointing

A person who experiences damage to Broca's area will have difficulty producing words correctly. using the hands to make gestures. developing complex thoughts. comprehending what others say.

producing words correctly

Research shows that an infant can understand words that refer to body parts, such as "hand" but they cannot yet speak these words. This is an example of spoken vocabulary. receptive vocabulary. overextension. underextension.

receptive vocabulary

Which of the following are required for joint attention? Multiple select question. reciprocal interaction an ability to track another's behavior one person directing another's attention reinforcement for attending to an event

reciprocal interaction an ability to track another's behavior one person directing another's attention

The sensorimotor substage in which sensation and action are coordinated primarily through such behaviors as rooting and sucking is called 1. simple reflexes 2. coordination of secondary circular reactions 3. internalization of schemes 4. secondary circular reactions

simple reflexes

Joint attention enables children to use their ______ skills to acquire language. social cognitive inherited intellectual

social

Language experts consider pointing to be an important index of the ______ aspects of language. Multiple choice question. cognitive emotional physical social

social

Words a child uses are called ______ vocabulary. spoken receptive interaction semantic

spoken

As infants extract an increasing number of potential word forms from the speech stream they hear, they begin to associate these with concrete, perceptually available objects in their world. This is referred to as statistical learning. infinite generativity. a tertiary circular reaction. object permanence.

statistical learning

Which of the following describes the vocalization known as babbling? smacking sounds made with the lips sounds that may signal distress gurgling sounds made in the back of the throat strings of consonant-vowel combinations

strings of consonant vowel

______ is a form of communication that is based on a system of symbols. Interaction Language Equilibration Social referencing

Language

Which of the following are characteristics of child-directed speech? Language spoken only by children to other children their same age that is simple and in telegraphic form Language spoken in a low, quiet pitch with simple words and sentences Parental imitation of words that the child speaks Language spoken in a higher pitch than normal with simple words and sentences

Language spoken in a higher pitch than normal with simple words and sentences

Which theorist believed that children learn language in specific contexts and through interaction? Sigmund Freud Michael Tomasello B.F. Skinner Noam Chomsky

Michael Tomasello

Which of the following statements regarding child-directed speech is NOT true? Child-directed speech has the outcome of capturing infant attention and maintaining communication. As soon as adults start talking to a baby, they tend to shift into child-directed speech. Four-year-olds will speak in simpler ways to two-year-olds than they will to other four-year-olds. Parents purposefully speak in child-directed speech to each other once they have a baby.

Parents purposefully speak in child-directed speech to each other once they have a baby.

A child sees a zebra for the first time. She says "horse" what Piagetian concept does this example describe? 1. assimilation 2. organization 3. accommodation 4. equilibration

1. Assimilation

Darlene's infant daughter does not yet recognize her name when someone says it. What is the oldest she is likely to be? Multiple choice question. 7 months old 11 months old 2 months old 4 months old

4 months old

Assimilation occurs when children use _______ schemes to deal with new information or experiences 1. dependent 2. new 3. independent 4. existing

4. Existing

At the beginning of the sensorimotor stage, ______ have little more than reflexes with which to work. 1. fetuses 2. preschoolers 3. toddlers 4. newborns

4. newborns

By as early as ______ months of age, an infant can recognize their name when someone says it. Multiple choice question. 2 7 9 5

5 months

At approximately what age do babies begin babbling? 1-2 months 12 months 6 months 18 months

6 months

at approximately what age do babies begin babbling?

6 months

While Piaget believed that deferred imitation doesn't occur until about a year-and-a-half of age, Meltzoff showed that ______ infants could imitate actions they had seen performed 24 hours before. 14-month-old 12-month-old 6-month-old 9-month-old

9-month-old

Michelle, an infant, is looking intently at her mother as she sings her a song. Which of the following best describes what Michelle is demonstrating? object permanence attention habituation memory

attention

What is the main finding in Rovee-Collier's experiment of infant memory? 1. Infants can retain information from the experience of being conditioned. 2. Operant conditioning is not effective in studies of infant memory. 3. Classical conditioning is an effective tool to use for aiding in infant memory. 4. Infants can retain information after conditioning for a few days but not for weeks.

1. Infants can retain information from the experience of being conditioned

What is the sensorimotor substage in which infants tend to make A-not-B errors more frequently? 1. coordination of secondary circular reactions 2. tertiary circular reactions, novelty, and curiosity 3. internalization of schemes 4. secondary circular reaction

1. coordination of secondary circular reactions

a circular reaction is a(n) _______ action. 1. repetitive 2. inconsequential 3. unique 4. mature

1. repetitive

When infants correctly find an object hidden at location A and then continue to look in location A even when they see the object hidden in a new location, they are engaging in which of the following? 1. intermodal perception 2. A-not-B error 3. violated exceptions 4. indiscriminate retrieval

2. A-not-B error

A scheme based on a reflex that has become completely separated from its eliciting stimulus is referred to as a(n) 1. accomodation 2. habit 3. circular reaction 4. concept

2. habit

Which of the following involves the retention of information over time? 1. encoding 2. memory 3. joint attention 4. habituation

2. memory

Piaget believed that we build ________ structures that help us understand the world and adjust to nee environmental demands 1. three-dimensional 2. mental 3. physical 4. scientific

2. mental

In Paiget's theory, actions or mental representations that organize knowledge are called 1. habituation 2. classifications 3. schemes 4. equilibration

3. Schemes

Select all that apply Which of the following are reasons language scholars believe that language has a biological basis? Children acquire language in a remarkably similar way all over the world. Particular regions of the brain are predisposed to be used for language. Damage to certain areas of the brain affect a person's ability to speak or understand language. Infants can hear sounds and voices prenatally.

Children acquire language in a remarkably similar way all over the world. Particular regions of the brain are predisposed to be used for language. Damage to certain areas of the brain affect a person's ability to speak or understand language.

Which of the following is evidence of the biological foundation of language? Children around the world acquire language milestones at about the same time and about the same order. Children use child-directed speech in one-on-one interactions with their peers. Language development is a simple matter of imitation and reinforcement. The development of language depends on children's interaction with others.

Children around the world acquire language milestones at about the same time and about the same order.

Order the sequence of babies' sounds during the first year of life, beginning with the earliest form at the top.

Crying cooing accidentally imitating sounds babbling intentionally imitating language sounds

True or False: Paiget believed that children are like sponges and passively absorb information form the world around them

False

Grasping strategies from problem solving, driving a car, and balancing a budget are all examples of _______, according to Piaget

Schemes

In Piaget's first stage of cognitive development, which is called ________ stage, infants construct an understanding of the world by coordinating sensory experiences with physical actions

Sensorimotor

Which of the following statements is true regarding common first words? Infants will not utter their first words until about 18 months of age on average. The first words that babies utter today reflect the current culture, and they change with the generations. A child's first words are usually things that he or she is familiar with. Infants' first words are part of their receptive vocabulary.

a child's first words are usually things that he or she is familiar with

Chomsky believed that children are born into the world with a language acquisition device. acquisition support system. comprehension device. comprehension support system.

acquisition device

What is the term for the loss or impairment of language processing? aphasia recasting lateralization plasticity

aphasia

Rebeca, a 14-month-old infant, and her mother are looking at a picture book. Her mother points to a picture of a dog and says, "Look, there's a doggie!" Rebeca repeats the word doggie. What concept does this example illustrate? child-directed speech pragmatics joint attention telegraphic speech

joint attention

Select all that apply Parents and teachers who provide a rich verbal learning environment for children do which of the following to attain positive outcomes? (choose every correct answer.) label things in their environment read to them make them use correct grammar pay attention to what children try to say

labeling things in their environment read to them pay attention to what children try to say

Which of the following gave most humans an edge over other animals and increased the chances of human survival? language ingenuity strength cunning

language

With what is Broca's area associated? the production of words the memory of what words mean the ability to hear others speak language comprehension

the production of words

Which of the following is NOT one of the functions of early vocalizations? Multiple choice question. to practice making sounds to attract attention to practice the semantics of language to communicate

to practice the semantics of language

True or false: One of the functions of early vocalizations is to attract attention.

true

In evolutionary time, humans' acquisition of language is considered to be Multiple choice question. very delayed. very ancient. very recent. slightly delayed.

very recent

Select all that apply Which of the following are components of language? (Choose every correct answer.) perceptual categorization words used by a community rules for varying words rules for combining words

words used by a community rules for varying words rules for combining words