HDFS Chapter 1-6

The average age at which women go through menopause about _______.

51

Which of the following statements is true?

A complete eye examination is recommended for people aged 45 years or older, with regular follow-up examinations.

The most common chronic condition across all age groups is_________.

Arthritis

Which of the following would be considered a "social" age-related factor in the biopsychosocial perspective?

Becoming a grandparent

Bone thinning:

Begins at about age 35, Does not have to result in osteoporosis,Can be reduced if a person builds a high bone mass when they are young

The multiple jeopardy hypothesis proposes that ageism will be most severe for people who have which characteristic?

Being from more than one category of minority statu

People referred to as "old-old" have which specific characteristic?

Between the ages of 75-84

__________ can be treated through surgery, radiation and chemotherapy.

Cancer

Which of the following are physical changes that take place during adulthood?

Changes in outward appearances Bone and muscle changes Hormone changes

In the Selective Optimization with ____________ model, older adults are proposed to cut down on the abilities they are weak and make up with the abilities on which they show greater potential for improvement.

Compensation

An older adult couple in your neighborhood retired from their jobs as teachers but continue to work in the community as school volunteers. It seems as if they enjoy maintaining similar roles that they had when they were working. They would be a good example of which role satisfaction theory of aging?

Continuity

Older adults maintain their __________ , which refers to tasks related to facts and previous experiences. Some examples are social judgement, reading comprehension, and vocabulary

Crystallized intelligence

__________ is a condition involving loss of memory and other cognitive functions.

Dementia

The idea that older adults are much more satisfied with their lives when they are able to leave behind their former social roles and involvements is consistent with which role adjustment theory? Correct!

Disengagement

__________________ theory proposes a series of eight psychosocial crisis stages that correspond roughly to age periods in life in the growth of psychological functions.

Erikson's Psychosocial Development Theory

Ageism cannot be stopped

False

All older adults will have a severe decrease in judgment and decision making, abstract thinking, inhibition control, and organizational skills around 65 years old.

False

Exercise, video game playing, or cognitive training are not helpful for older adults.

False

Presbyopia is a disease of the eyes, which disrupts the daily lives of most people.

False

There are numerous symptoms of menopause and they are uniformly bothersome to all women.

False

Which of the following statements is true??

Foot pain contributes to falls in older adults.

The most common hypothesis for explaining Alzheimer's Disease are:

Formation of tangles (brain), Formation of beta-amyloid plaques, ApoE Gene

This is not a recommendation for communication with older adults

Give them many options and force them to respond "quizzing"

The leading cause of death in USA are

Heart Disease

The cardiovascular system includes which of the following

Heart, veins, arteries

75-year-old Mrs. A. has difficulty with her vision due to cataracts but her friend Mrs. B., also 75, can see perfectly. However, Mrs. B.'s arthritis makes it difficult for her to walk while Mrs. A. recently ran a senior marathon. This example illustrates which principle of adult development and aging?

Individuality matters.

According to the notion of ___________________, multiple "isms" such as ageism, sexism, and racism do not just add up but interact with one another to influence the discriminatory ways in which people reflecting more than one group are treated.

Intersectionality

__________ reduce the risk for developing Alzheimer's disease.

Mediterranean diet, Social support, Mental activity

Cognitive skills refers to different mental processes such as:

Memory, Attention, Speed Processing

The biopsychosocial model explaining diabetes includes associations with

Obesity, Low economic resources,Depression and stress

According to the World Health Organization, which is one of the stereotypes about aging?

Older people are helpless and unable to care for themselves

__________ is a painful degenerative joint disease in which the cartilage deteriorates.

Osteoarthritis

____________ is a hearing loss that occurs with aging.

Presbycusis

There are two major categories of biological theories:

Programmed Aging Theories and Random Error Theories

The index of age that represents a person's functioning on measures such as intelligence, memory, and learning ability is called ___________ age.

Psychological

Which model of development emphasizes the influence you have on the other people in your home, school, and community?

Reciprocal

Adult years are characterised by a progressive age related loss of muscle tissue known as ___________.

Sarcopenia

Activities of daily living ( ADL) DOES NOT include which of the following

Shopping

The parents of people in the Baby Boom generation are known as:

Silent Generation

Which of the following is NOT a preventative step for osteoporosis

Smoking

The combination of the person, the task, and the environment are all needed to explain age-related changes.

The combination of the person, the task, and the environment are all needed to explain age-related changes.

This is NOT a change that occurs in the healthy aging brain:

The left hemisphere stops working at night

Which of the following might account for the fact that the people who live to old age are the "survivors"?

Their families provided a strong support network.

Research can be empirical and theoretical. _________________ it is also called secondary research. It analyzes information and presents a new argument, a critique, or a new perspective. It also includes systematic literature reviews, proposals, metaanalysis, etc.

Theoretical

Individuals who are in the period of emerging adulthood are likely to show which qualities?

Transition to responsible family and work roles.

As one ages, the cells that produce color in the hair follicles stop functioning.

True

Body temperature is not as easily regulated in older people

True

Cognitive skills are assessed through intelligence tests and neuropsychological assessments

True

Hypertension is a condition in which an individual suffers from chronic abnormally elevated blood pressure.

True

Older adults compensate for deficits in one area of the brain by recruiting alternative brain regions in the processing of speech.

True

Sex, race, ethnicity, social class, income, religion, and culture are contextual influence3s on development

True

Stress incontinence can be brought about by a laugh, cough, sneeze, or lifting.

True

The skin starts to show small wrinkles around late twenties and early thirties

True

There are different models to explain aging. They can be developmental, sociocultural, psychological, or biological.

True

UV radiation including tanning beds is a major risk factor for cancer.

True

We can prevent negative cardiovascular changes that are associated with aging

True

With the right exercise program, older adults can increase muscle and maintain it as well as, or better than, their younger counterparts who do not train.

True

Yoga and other exercises are a great way to prevent and treat musculoskeletal problems.

True

The life-span perspective in development emphasizes

Understanding development as continuous from childhood to old age.

Which of the following are risk factors for chronic disease in adulthood?

Unhealthy diet, Smoking and alcohol use,Sedentary lifestyle

Instrumental activities of daily living DOES NOT include which of the following.

Using the toilet

Young and older adults require between 7 and 9 hours of sleep

Young and older adults require between 7 and 9 hours of sleep

The term_____ captures the concept that aging involves an interaction among process such as physical changes , cognition and socials context

biopsychosocial

Regular physical activity and exercise

can reduce the risk of developing some diseases as people get older

Classifying individuals based on the year of birth is referred to as _________.

cohort

A researcher obtains information about one of her older participants in a study that suggests the participant may have difficulty driving. According to the ethical principle of ______________, however, she cannot report this to the participant's family.

confidentiality

The ________________ principle of adult development and aging proposes that changes build on themselves over life in a cumulative fashion. Correct!

continuity

A study found that as study time increases, participants' grades also increases. This study most likely used a __________ design.

correlational

A _____________ study compares groups of people with different ages at one point in time.

cross-sectional

In Bronfenbrenner's ecological model of development, the macrosystem includes:

culture, nationality, and the economic structure.

In scientific research, the ___________ is the outcome that researchers observe. It cannot be manipulated.

dependent variable

The communication predicament model is associated with which type of language directed toward older adults?

elderspeak

Genevieve is 27 years old, finishing graduate school and living with her parents. As she makes her transition into adulthood, psychologists would consider her an example of someone in the age period called _______ adulthood.

emerging

According to the plasticity principle in development, individuals can alter the course of their own development by:

engaging in physical and mental exercise.

The increased population of adults 65 and older in the U.S. can be attributed specifically to the higher life _______ being achieved by current generations.

expectancy

According to one random error theory of aging, the _________ are unstable molecules that bond to other molecules, causing cells to misfunction.

free radicals

The number of years a person can expect to live with relatively little disability is known as:

health expectancy

In a scientific study, researchers manipulate this factor.

independent variable

Ethical guidelines require that researchers obtain ________________ in which they provide information about a study's risks and benefits to each participant and then obtain their signature indicating they understand it:

informed consent

A British documentary film maker followed a group of children every 7 years starting when they were 7 years old and continuing to track them down through age 56. This film comes closest to which type of developmental research design?

longitudinal

In the Bronfenbrenner ecological model of development, which type of system has the most direct impact on the individual?

microsystem

Which of the following would be considered an example of "normal" age-related psychological changes?

moderation of personal qualities

The large impact that COVID-19 had on long-term care residents of U.S. in 2020 makes it a ________________ influence on development.

normative history-graded

A research lab that focuses on studying the aging process is attempting to find the specific set of genes that control aging at the cellular level. It is likely that the researchers in this lab are operating from the model of development

organismic

The thickening of the lens of the eye (loss of elasticity) that results in loss of ability to focus on near objects in middle and older age (after 37) is called

presbyopia

Due to the process of ______ aging, an older adult may develop a disease such as skin cancer after years of exposure to the sun. Correct!

secondary

The term "gender" refers to

self-identification as male or female.

A world-class tennis player decides to end her career and retire at the age of 24. Her _____ age would be approximately 65 years old.

social

The term life ______ refers to the maximum number of years that a species lives, reflecting its genetic inheritance.

span

Because the _____________ are the individuals we study in later life, researchers caution that the findings may not be true for everyone born in a given period of time.

survivors

The rapid loss of functioning that individuals may experience at the very end of their lives is known as _________ aging.

tertiary

As proposed by terror management theory, the cause of ageism can be traced to:

the anxiety that people feel about their own deaths.

Current evidence on age-related changes in levels of testosterone in men indicates that _______.

there is a small and gradual decline from midlife onward

The modernization hypothesis of ageism proposes that attitudes toward older adults will be most negative in societies that:

value people for the amount they can produce and contribute to society.

A _____________ is a characteristic that "varies" from individual to individual.

variable