HDFS Chapter 1-6
The average age at which women go through menopause about _______.
51
Which of the following statements is true?
A complete eye examination is recommended for people aged 45 years or older, with regular follow-up examinations.
The most common chronic condition across all age groups is_________.
Arthritis
Which of the following would be considered a "social" age-related factor in the biopsychosocial perspective?
Becoming a grandparent
Bone thinning:
Begins at about age 35, Does not have to result in osteoporosis,Can be reduced if a person builds a high bone mass when they are young
The multiple jeopardy hypothesis proposes that ageism will be most severe for people who have which characteristic?
Being from more than one category of minority statu
People referred to as "old-old" have which specific characteristic?
Between the ages of 75-84
__________ can be treated through surgery, radiation and chemotherapy.
Cancer
Which of the following are physical changes that take place during adulthood?
Changes in outward appearances Bone and muscle changes Hormone changes
In the Selective Optimization with ____________ model, older adults are proposed to cut down on the abilities they are weak and make up with the abilities on which they show greater potential for improvement.
Compensation
An older adult couple in your neighborhood retired from their jobs as teachers but continue to work in the community as school volunteers. It seems as if they enjoy maintaining similar roles that they had when they were working. They would be a good example of which role satisfaction theory of aging?
Continuity
Older adults maintain their __________ , which refers to tasks related to facts and previous experiences. Some examples are social judgement, reading comprehension, and vocabulary
Crystallized intelligence
__________ is a condition involving loss of memory and other cognitive functions.
Dementia
The idea that older adults are much more satisfied with their lives when they are able to leave behind their former social roles and involvements is consistent with which role adjustment theory? Correct!
Disengagement
__________________ theory proposes a series of eight psychosocial crisis stages that correspond roughly to age periods in life in the growth of psychological functions.
Erikson's Psychosocial Development Theory
Ageism cannot be stopped
False
All older adults will have a severe decrease in judgment and decision making, abstract thinking, inhibition control, and organizational skills around 65 years old.
False
Exercise, video game playing, or cognitive training are not helpful for older adults.
False
Presbyopia is a disease of the eyes, which disrupts the daily lives of most people.
False
There are numerous symptoms of menopause and they are uniformly bothersome to all women.
False
Which of the following statements is true??
Foot pain contributes to falls in older adults.
The most common hypothesis for explaining Alzheimer's Disease are:
Formation of tangles (brain), Formation of beta-amyloid plaques, ApoE Gene
This is not a recommendation for communication with older adults
Give them many options and force them to respond "quizzing"
The leading cause of death in USA are
Heart Disease
The cardiovascular system includes which of the following
Heart, veins, arteries
75-year-old Mrs. A. has difficulty with her vision due to cataracts but her friend Mrs. B., also 75, can see perfectly. However, Mrs. B.'s arthritis makes it difficult for her to walk while Mrs. A. recently ran a senior marathon. This example illustrates which principle of adult development and aging?
Individuality matters.
According to the notion of ___________________, multiple "isms" such as ageism, sexism, and racism do not just add up but interact with one another to influence the discriminatory ways in which people reflecting more than one group are treated.
Intersectionality
__________ reduce the risk for developing Alzheimer's disease.
Mediterranean diet, Social support, Mental activity
Cognitive skills refers to different mental processes such as:
Memory, Attention, Speed Processing
The biopsychosocial model explaining diabetes includes associations with
Obesity, Low economic resources,Depression and stress
According to the World Health Organization, which is one of the stereotypes about aging?
Older people are helpless and unable to care for themselves
__________ is a painful degenerative joint disease in which the cartilage deteriorates.
Osteoarthritis
____________ is a hearing loss that occurs with aging.
Presbycusis
There are two major categories of biological theories:
Programmed Aging Theories and Random Error Theories
The index of age that represents a person's functioning on measures such as intelligence, memory, and learning ability is called ___________ age.
Psychological
Which model of development emphasizes the influence you have on the other people in your home, school, and community?
Reciprocal
Adult years are characterised by a progressive age related loss of muscle tissue known as ___________.
Sarcopenia
Activities of daily living ( ADL) DOES NOT include which of the following
Shopping
The parents of people in the Baby Boom generation are known as:
Silent Generation
Which of the following is NOT a preventative step for osteoporosis
Smoking
The combination of the person, the task, and the environment are all needed to explain age-related changes.
The combination of the person, the task, and the environment are all needed to explain age-related changes.
This is NOT a change that occurs in the healthy aging brain:
The left hemisphere stops working at night
Which of the following might account for the fact that the people who live to old age are the "survivors"?
Their families provided a strong support network.
Research can be empirical and theoretical. _________________ it is also called secondary research. It analyzes information and presents a new argument, a critique, or a new perspective. It also includes systematic literature reviews, proposals, metaanalysis, etc.
Theoretical
Individuals who are in the period of emerging adulthood are likely to show which qualities?
Transition to responsible family and work roles.
As one ages, the cells that produce color in the hair follicles stop functioning.
True
Body temperature is not as easily regulated in older people
True
Cognitive skills are assessed through intelligence tests and neuropsychological assessments
True
Hypertension is a condition in which an individual suffers from chronic abnormally elevated blood pressure.
True
Older adults compensate for deficits in one area of the brain by recruiting alternative brain regions in the processing of speech.
True
Sex, race, ethnicity, social class, income, religion, and culture are contextual influence3s on development
True
Stress incontinence can be brought about by a laugh, cough, sneeze, or lifting.
True
The skin starts to show small wrinkles around late twenties and early thirties
True
There are different models to explain aging. They can be developmental, sociocultural, psychological, or biological.
True
UV radiation including tanning beds is a major risk factor for cancer.
True
We can prevent negative cardiovascular changes that are associated with aging
True
With the right exercise program, older adults can increase muscle and maintain it as well as, or better than, their younger counterparts who do not train.
True
Yoga and other exercises are a great way to prevent and treat musculoskeletal problems.
True
The life-span perspective in development emphasizes
Understanding development as continuous from childhood to old age.
Which of the following are risk factors for chronic disease in adulthood?
Unhealthy diet, Smoking and alcohol use,Sedentary lifestyle
Instrumental activities of daily living DOES NOT include which of the following.
Using the toilet
Young and older adults require between 7 and 9 hours of sleep
Young and older adults require between 7 and 9 hours of sleep
The term_____ captures the concept that aging involves an interaction among process such as physical changes , cognition and socials context
biopsychosocial
Regular physical activity and exercise
can reduce the risk of developing some diseases as people get older
Classifying individuals based on the year of birth is referred to as _________.
cohort
A researcher obtains information about one of her older participants in a study that suggests the participant may have difficulty driving. According to the ethical principle of ______________, however, she cannot report this to the participant's family.
confidentiality
The ________________ principle of adult development and aging proposes that changes build on themselves over life in a cumulative fashion. Correct!
continuity
A study found that as study time increases, participants' grades also increases. This study most likely used a __________ design.
correlational
A _____________ study compares groups of people with different ages at one point in time.
cross-sectional
In Bronfenbrenner's ecological model of development, the macrosystem includes:
culture, nationality, and the economic structure.
In scientific research, the ___________ is the outcome that researchers observe. It cannot be manipulated.
dependent variable
The communication predicament model is associated with which type of language directed toward older adults?
elderspeak
Genevieve is 27 years old, finishing graduate school and living with her parents. As she makes her transition into adulthood, psychologists would consider her an example of someone in the age period called _______ adulthood.
emerging
According to the plasticity principle in development, individuals can alter the course of their own development by:
engaging in physical and mental exercise.
The increased population of adults 65 and older in the U.S. can be attributed specifically to the higher life _______ being achieved by current generations.
expectancy
According to one random error theory of aging, the _________ are unstable molecules that bond to other molecules, causing cells to misfunction.
free radicals
The number of years a person can expect to live with relatively little disability is known as:
health expectancy
In a scientific study, researchers manipulate this factor.
independent variable
Ethical guidelines require that researchers obtain ________________ in which they provide information about a study's risks and benefits to each participant and then obtain their signature indicating they understand it:
informed consent
A British documentary film maker followed a group of children every 7 years starting when they were 7 years old and continuing to track them down through age 56. This film comes closest to which type of developmental research design?
longitudinal
In the Bronfenbrenner ecological model of development, which type of system has the most direct impact on the individual?
microsystem
Which of the following would be considered an example of "normal" age-related psychological changes?
moderation of personal qualities
The large impact that COVID-19 had on long-term care residents of U.S. in 2020 makes it a ________________ influence on development.
normative history-graded
A research lab that focuses on studying the aging process is attempting to find the specific set of genes that control aging at the cellular level. It is likely that the researchers in this lab are operating from the model of development
organismic
The thickening of the lens of the eye (loss of elasticity) that results in loss of ability to focus on near objects in middle and older age (after 37) is called
presbyopia
Due to the process of ______ aging, an older adult may develop a disease such as skin cancer after years of exposure to the sun. Correct!
secondary
The term "gender" refers to
self-identification as male or female.
A world-class tennis player decides to end her career and retire at the age of 24. Her _____ age would be approximately 65 years old.
social
The term life ______ refers to the maximum number of years that a species lives, reflecting its genetic inheritance.
span
Because the _____________ are the individuals we study in later life, researchers caution that the findings may not be true for everyone born in a given period of time.
survivors
The rapid loss of functioning that individuals may experience at the very end of their lives is known as _________ aging.
tertiary
As proposed by terror management theory, the cause of ageism can be traced to:
the anxiety that people feel about their own deaths.
Current evidence on age-related changes in levels of testosterone in men indicates that _______.
there is a small and gradual decline from midlife onward
The modernization hypothesis of ageism proposes that attitudes toward older adults will be most negative in societies that:
value people for the amount they can produce and contribute to society.
A _____________ is a characteristic that "varies" from individual to individual.
variable