Head and Neck Anatomy
mastoid air cells
air spaces in the mastoid process of the temporal bone that communicate with the middle ear cavity
Transverse Palatine Suture
an articulation between the two palatine processes of the maxiallae and the two horizontal plates of the palatine bones
Angle of the Mandible
angle at the intersection of the posterior and inferior borders of the ramus
Body of the Hyoid Bone
anterior midline portion of the hyoid bone
Piriform Aperture
anterior opening of the nasal cavity
Lesser Wing of the Sphenoid Bone
anterior process of the body of the sphenoid bone
Coronoid Process
anterior superior projection of the ramus of the mandible
Zygomatic Arch
arch formed by the union of the temporal process of the zygomatic bone and zygomatic process of the temporal bone
Anterior Arch
arch of the atlas or first cervical vertebra
Posterior Arch
arch on the first cervical vertebra
mastoid process
area on the petrous portion of the temporal bone that contains the air cells and on which the cervical muscles attach
Articulation
area where the bones are joined to each other
Temporomandibular joint
articulation between the temporal bone and mandible that allows for movement of the mandible
Hyoid Bone
bone suspended in the neck that allows the attachment of many muscles
internal acoustic meatus
bony meatus in the temporal bone that carries the seventh and eighth cranial nerves
Styloid Process
bony projection of the temporal bone that serves as an attachment for muscles and ligaments
styloid process
bony projection of the temporal bone that serves as an attachment for muscles and ligaments
Lingula
bony spine overhanging the mandibular foramen
Incisive Papilla
bulge of tissue on the hard palate over the incisive foramen
Mandibular Canal
canal in the mandible where the inferior alveolar nerve and blood vessels travel
hypoglossal canal
canal in the occipital bone that carries the twelfth cranial nerve
Optic Canal
canal in the orbital apex between the roots of the lesser wing of the sphenoid bone
Carotid Canal
canal in the temporal bone that carries the internal carotid artery
carotid canal
canal in the temporal bone that carries the internal carotid artery
Infraorbital Canal
canal off the infraorbital sulcus that terminates on the surface of the maxilla as the infraorbital foramen
Nasal Cavity
cavity of the nose
Vertical Foramen
central foramen in the vertebrae for the spinal cord and associated tissues
External Oblique Line
crest on the lateral side of the mandible, where the ramus joins the body
Infratemporal Crest
crest that divides each greater wing of the sphenoid bone into temporal and infratemporal surfaces
Orbital Apex
deepest portion of the orbit composed of portions of the sphenoid and palatine bones
Ptergoid Fovea
depression on the anterior surface of the condyle of the mandible
Nasolacrimal Duct
duct formed at the junction of the lacrimal and maxillary bones that drains the lacrimal fluid or tears
Maxillary Tuberosity
elevation on the posterior aspect of the maxilla that is perforated by the posterior superior alveolar foramina
Tubercle
eminence or small, rounded elevation on the bony surface
Foramen Lacerum
foramen among the sphenoid, occipital, and temporal bones that is filled with cartilage
Mental Foramen
foramen between the apices of the mandibular first and second premolars that transmits the mental nerve and blood vessels
Jugular Foramen
foramen between the occipital and temporal bones that carries the internal jugular vein and ninth, tenth, and eleventh cranial nerves
Incisive Foramen
foramen in the maxilla that carries branches of the right and left nasopalatine nerves and blood vessels and is marked by the incisive papilla
Foramen Magnum
foramen in the occipital bone that carries the spinal cord, vertebral arteries, and eleventh cranial nerve
Greater Palatine Foramen
foramen in the palatine bone that carries the greater palatine nerve and blood vessels
Lesser Palatine Foramen
foramen in the palatine bone that transmits the lesser palatine nerve and blood vessels
Foramen Ovale
foramen in the sphenoid bone for the mandibular division of the trigeminal or fifth cranial nerve
Foramen Spinosum
foramen in the sphenoid bone for the middle meningeal artery
foramen rotundum
foramen in the sphenoid bone that carries the trigeminal or fifth cranial nerve
Stylomastoid foramen
foramen in the temporal bone that carries the facial or seventh cranial nerve
stylomastoid foramen
foramen in the temporal bone that carries the facial or seventh nerve
Mandibular Foramen
foramen of the mandible that allows the inferior alveolar nerve and blood vessels to exit or enter the mandibular canal
Infraorbital Foramen
foramen of the maxilla that transmits the infraorbital nerve and blood vessels
Transverse Foramen
foramen on the transverse processes of each cervical vertebra that carries the vertebral artery
Jugular Notch of the Occipital Bone
occipital or medial portion of the jugular foramen
List the cranial bones
occipital, frontal, sphenoid, ethmoid, paired parietal, and temporal bones
Dens
odontoid process of the second cervical vertebra
Canal
opening in bone that is long, narrow, and tubelike
Fissure
opening in bone that is narrow and cleflike
Meatus
opening or canal in the bone
Aperture
opening or orifice in bone
Condyle
oval, bony prominence typically located at articulations
Greater Cornu
pair of projections from the sides of the body of the hyoid bone
Lesser Cornu
pair of projections of the hyoid bone
Temporal Bones
paired cranial bones that form the lateral walls of the skull
Ethmoidal Sinuses
paired paranasal sinuses located in the ethmoid bone, which are also called ethmoid air cells
Frontal Sinuses
paired paranasal sinuses located internally in the frontal bone
Palatine Process of the Maxilla
paired processes that articulate with each other and form the anterior portion of the hard palate
Sphenoidal Sinuses
paired sinuses located in the body of the sphenoid bone
Paranasal Sinuses
paired, filled cavities in bone that include the frontal, sphenoidal, ethmoidal, and maxillary sinuses
Maxillary Sinuses
paranasal sinuses in each body of the maxilla
Ramus
plate of the mandible that extends superiorly from the body of the mandible
Orbital Plate of the Ethmoid Bone
plate that forms most of the medial orbital wall
Vertical Plates of the Palatine Bones
plates that form a portion of the lateral wall of the nasal cavity and orbital apex
Horizontal Plates of the Palatine Bones
plates that form the posterior portion of the hard palate
Articulating Surface of the Condyle
portion of the head of the condyle that articulates with the temporal bone at the temporomandibular joint
Articulating Surface of the condyle
portion of the head of the condyle that articulates with the temporal bone at the temporomandibular joint
Retromolar Triangle
portion of the mandibular alveolar process just posterior to the most distal mandibular molar that is covered by the retomolar pad
Body of the Maxilla
portion of the maxilla that contains the maxillary sinus
Lateral Ptergoid Plate
portion of the ptergoid process
Medial Ptergoid plate
portion of the ptergoid process
Ptergoid process
portion of the sphenoid bone that forms the lateral borders of the posterior nasal apertures
Tympanic Portion of the Temporal Bone
portion that forms most of the external acoustic meatus
Squamous Portion of the Temporal Bone
portion that forms the braincase and portions of the zygomatic arch and temporomandibular joint
Posterior Nasal Apertures
posterior openings of the nasal cavity
Greater Wing of the Sphenoid Bone
posterolateral process of the body of the sphenoid bone
Zygomatic Process of the Frontal Bone
process lateral to the orbit
Hamulus
process of the medial pterygoid plate of the sphenoid bone
Zygomatic Process of the Maxilla
process that forms a portion of the infraorbital rim
Maxillary Process of the Zygomatic Bone
process that forms a portion of the infraorbital rim and orbital wall
Frontal Process of the Maxilla
process that forms a portion of the orbital rim
Frontal Process of the Zygomatic Bone
process that forms a portion of the orbital wall
Temporal Process of the Zygomatic Bone
process that forms a portion of the zygomatic arch
Superior Articular Processes
processes from a vertebra that allow articulation with the vertebra above
Inferior Articular Processes
processes of the first and second cervical vertebrae that allow articulation with the vertebrae below
Nasal Conchae
projecting structures that extend inward from the lateral walls of the nasal cavity
Condyle of the Mandible
projection of bone from the ramus of the mandible that participates in the temporomandibular joint
Occipital Condyles
projections of the occipital bone that articulate with lateral masses of the first cervical vertebra
Arch
prominent bridgelike bony structure
Supraorbital Ridges
ridge on the frontal bone located over the superior portion of the orbit
Crest
roughened border or ridge on the none surface
Head
rounded surface projecting from a bone by a neck
Sagittal Suture
the suture between the paired parietal bones
All skull bones are immovable except for which one
the temporomandibular joint
The hard palate if formed by which structures
the two palatine processes of the maxillae and the two horizontal plates of the palatine bones
Which bone forms the posterior portions of the nasal septum
the vomer
Perforation
abnormal hole in a hollow organ, such as in the wall of a sinus
Spine
abrupt, small prominence of bone
The skull consists of _____ bones
22, not including the small bones of the middle ear
What are the three portions of the Temporal Bone
Squamous, Tympanic and Petrous
Paranasal Sinusitis
a condition in which the mucous membranes of the sinuses can become inflamed and congested with mucus
Frontonasal Duct
a constricted canal that allows each frontal sinus to communicate with and drain into the nasal cavity to the middle nasal meatus
Basilar Portion
a four-sided plate anterior to the foramen magnum
Median Palatine Suture
a midline articulation between the two palatine processes of the maxillae and between the horizontal plates of the palatine bones
Pharyngeal Tubercle
a midline projection on the stout basilar portion
What landmarks are located within the tympanic portion of the temporal bone
external acoustic meatus, and petrotympanic fissure
Orbit
eye cavity, which contains and protects the eyeballs
Atlas
first cervical vertebra, which articulates with the occipital bone
Superior Orbital Fissure
fissure between the greater and lesser wings of the sphenoid bone that transmits structures from the cranial cavity to the orbit
Inferior Orbital Fissure
fissure between the greater wing of the sphenoid bone and maxilla that carries the infraorbital and zygomatic nerves, as well as the infraorbital artery and inferior ophthalmic vein
Inferior Orbital Fissure
fissure between the greater wing of the sphenoid bone and maxilla that carries the ingraorbital and zygomatic nerves, as well as the infraorbital artery and inferior ophthalmic vein
petrotympanic fissure
fissure between the tympanic and petrosal portions of the temporal bone, just posterior to the articular fossa, through which the chorda tympani nerve emerges
Plate
flat structure of bone
Posterior Superior Alveolar Foramina
foramina on the maxillary tuberosity that carry the posterior superior alveolar nerve and blood vessels
Ptergoid fossa
fossa between the medial and lateral pterygoid plates of the sphenoid bone
Ptergopalatine Fossa
fossa deep to the infratemporal fossa and between the ptergoid process and maxillary tuberosity
Pterygopalatine Fossa
fossa deep to the infratemporal fossa and between the pterygoid process and maxillary tuberosity
Infratemporal Fossa
fossa inferior to the temporal fossa and infratemporal crest on the greater wing of the sphenoid bone
Lacrimal Fossa
fossa of the frontal bone that contains the lacrimal gland, located just inside the lateral portion of the supraorbital ridge.
Temporal Fossa
fossa on the lateral surface of the skull that contains the body of the temporalis muscle
Sublingual Fossa
fossa on the medial surface of the mandible, above the mylohyoid line, that contains the sublingual salivary gland
Submandibular Fossa
fossa on the medial surface of the mandible, below the mylohyoid line, that contains the submandibular salivary gland
Process
general term for any prominence on a bony surface
Suture
generally immovable articulation in which bones are joined by fibrous tissue
Nasal Meatus
groove beneath each nasal concha that contains openings for communication with the paranasal sinuses or nasolacrimal duct
Infraorbital Sulcus
groove in the floor of the orbital surface
Mylohyoid Groove
groove on the mandible where the mylohyoid nerve and blood vessels travel
cribriform plate
horizontal plate of the ethmoid bone that is perforated with foramina for the olfactory nerves
Body of the Mandible
horizontal portion of the mandible
Incisura
indentation or notch at the edge of the bone
Petrous Portion of the Temporal Bone
inferior portion of the bone that contains the mastoid process and air cells
Infraorbital Rim
inferior rim of the orbit
Primary sinusitis
inflammation of the sinus
Secondary sinusitis
inflammation of the sinus related to another source
Secondary Sinusitis
inflammation of the sinuses from another source, such as an infection of the adjacent teeth
Tuberosity
large, often rough prominence on the surface of bone
Lateral Masses
lateral portions of the first cervical vertebra where it articulates with the occipital bone above and the axis below
Transverse Process
lateral projections of the cervical vertebrae
Mylohyoid Line
line on the inner aspect of the mandible
Mental Protuberance
mandibular bony prominence of the chin
What landmarks are located within the petrous portion of the temporal bone
mastoid process, mastoid air cells, mastoid notch, styloid process, stylomastoid foramen, carotid canal, and jugular notch of the temporal bone
Lambdoidal Suture
the suture between the occipital bone and both parietal bones that forms the inverted "V"
Body of the Sphenoid Bone
middle portion of the bone containing the sphenoidal sinuses
Symphysis
midline articulation where bones are joined by fibrocartilage such as the midline ridge on the mandible that fuses together in early childhood
Genial Tubercles
midline bony projections or the mental spines on the inner aspect of the mandible
Perpendicular Plate
midline vertical plate of the ethmoid bone
Bones
mineralized structures of the body that protect internal soft tissues and serve as the biomechanical basis for movement
Coronoid Notch
notch in the anterior border of the ramus
Mandibular Notch
notch located on the mandible between the condyle and coronoid porcess
Supraorbital Notch
notch on the frontal bone located on the medial portion of the supraorbital ridge and is where the supraorbital artery and nerve travel from the orbit to the forehead
mastoid notch
notch on the mastoid process of the temporal bone
Axis
second cervical vertebra, which articulates with the first and third cervical vertebrae
Sulcus/sulci
shallow depression or groove such as that on the bony surface
Foramen/Foramina
short, windowlike opening in bone
Joint
site of a junction or union between two or more bones
Ptergoid Canal
small canal at the superior border of each posterior nasal aperture
Cornu
small hornlike prominence
Ostium/ostia
small opening in bone
Spine of the Sphenoid Bone
spine located at the posterior extremity of the sphenoid bone
Spine of the sphenoid bone
spine located at the posterior extremity of the sphenoid bone
Line
straight, small ridge of bone
Cranium
structure that is formed by the cranial skull bones and includes the occipital, frontal, parietal, temporal, sphenoid, and ethmoid bones. It is the portion housing the brain
Coronal Suture
suture between the frontal and parietal bones
Squamosal Suture
suture between the temporal and parietal bones
Temporozygomatic suture
suture between the temporal and zygomatic bones
What structure is most flexible in infants
sutures
jugular notch of the temporal bone
temporal or lateral portion of the jugular foramen
What landmarks are located within the Squamous portion of the Temporal Bone
the articular fossa, articular eminence, and postglenoid process
What consists of the braincase
the cranium and face
Which bone forms the superior and middle nasal conchae
the ethmoid bone
What four cranial bones are visible when viewed from above
the frontal, both parietals, and occipital bones
Which bones are visible from the anterior (front) view
the frontal, ethmoid, vomer, sphenoid and the mandible bones
What does the inferior orbital fissure connect the orbit with
the infratemporal and pterygopalatine fossae
Which bones form the lateral boundaries of the nasal cavity
the maxillae
Anteriorly, what structures form the nasal septum
the nasal septal cartilage and the perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone
Which bones form the nasal cavity
the paired nasal bones
What nerve and artery pass through the optic canal to reach the eyeball
the second cranial nerve/optic nerve and the ophthalmic artery
Coronal Suture
the suture between the frontal and parietal bones
Eminence
tubercle or rounded elevation on a bony surface
Temporal Lines
two separate parallel ridges, superior and inferior, on the lateral surface of the skull
Maxillae
upper jaw that consists of two maxillary bones
Cervical Vertebrae
vertebrae in the vertebral column between the skull and thoracic vertebrae
Crista Galli
vertical midline continuation of the perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone into the cranial cavity
Nasal Septum
vertical partition of the nasal cavity
Orbital Walls
walls of the orbit composed of portions of the frontal, ethmoid lacrimal, maxillary, zygomatic and sphenoid bones