Head and neck anatomy W1

Foramen magnum

(BLUE)Where the spinal cord passes

Hypoglossal canal

(GREEN) Hypoglossal nerves pass thru

Occitpital condyles

(PINK) Curved and smooth structures with moveable articulation to the atlas on the occipital bone notable from the inferior view

Jugular notch

(RED)Forms a medial part of jugular foramen

Jugular notch/ foramen

(STAR)Where the jugular vein passes through

Aperature

A narrow opening

Spine

Abrupt small prominence either blunt or sharply pointed

Perpendicular plate

Aids the vomer and the nasal septal cartilage to form the nasal septum

Nasal bones

Articulate only with the frontal and maxillary bones

Ethmoid sinus

Cavity located between the conchae and the orbital plate

Body of the sphenoid bone

Contains the left and right sphenoidal sinuses - lies in the midline

Fossa

Deeper depression/ concavity

Lesser palatine foramina

Distal to greater palatine Transmits nerve and blood vessels to soft palate

Greater palatine foramine

Distal to the second molar Landmark for LA

Nasolacrimal ducts

Ducts that carry tears formed at the junction of the maxillary and lacrimal bones

Plate

Flat area of bone

Zygomatic bones

Form cheekbones and inferolateral margins of orbits Articulate with zygomatic processes of temporal, frontal, and maxillary bones

Ethmoid bone

Forms anterior lateral wall of nose

Inferior nasal conchae

Forms anterior lateral wall of the nose

Palatine ( vertical)

Forms posterior lateral wall of nose

Cribriform ( horizontal plate)

Forms the anterior cranial fossa

Palate

Forms the floor of the nasal cavity

Maxillary bone

Forms the lateral edges of the nose

horizontal plate of palatine

Forms the posterior hard palate and floor of nasal cavity

Vertical plate of palatine

Forms the posterior lateral walls of the nasal cavity and small part of the orbit

Vomer and ethmoid

Forms the vertical nasal septum ( 2 bones)

Process

General term for prominence or extension

Ethmoid bone

Helps connect the cranial skeleton to the facial skeleton

Anterior body of the sphenoid bone

Helps form the nasal cavity

22 bones

How many bones are in the skull?

Cranial bones account for 8 of the total while facial account for 14 bones

How many cranial bones make up the skull vs the facial bones

Notch

Indentation at the edge of a bone

Paired bones that form part of the medial wall of the orbit

Lacrimal bones

Paired bones, articulate with ethmoid and frontal bones

Lacrimal bones

Superior and middle nasal conchae

Lateral parts of the ethmoid bone form ________

Horizontal plate of the palatine bone

Link between maxilla and sphenoid

Vomer- single Lacrimal- paired Nasal - paired Inferior nasal conchae- paired Palantine- paired not really considered a facial bone Zygomatic- paired Maxillary - paired Mandible- single

List the facial bones

1. Connects the cranial skeleton to the facial skeleton 2. Forms based on of cranium and lateral borders of the skull 3. Helps form the orbit 4. Attachment site for muscles of mastication

List the functions of the sphenoid bone (4)

rotundum, ovale, spinosum

List the three foramens in the greater wing

Pterygomaxillary fissure

Located between pterygoid process and maxillary tuberosity - consists of 2 plates

Canal

Longer narrow tubelike opening

External occipital protuberance

Midline projection of the bones posterior surface

Mineralized structures Provide shape and framework Provide protection Help immune system ( WBC and RBC)

Name 4 functions of bone

Ethmoid Sphenoid Zygomatic Parietal Nasal Lacrimal

Name all the bones the frontal bone articulates with

Occipital Frontal Parietal Temporal Sphenoid Ethmoid

Name all the cranial bones

Lacrimal fossa

Name the area highlighted in pink

zygomatic process of maxilla

Name the area highlighted in pink

Supraorbital notch

Name the area hightlighted in green

Fissure

Narrow and cleft like opening

Foramen lucrum

Nothing passses through it is just filled with fibrocartiledge over the lifespan

Superior orbital fissure

Opening between greater and lesser wing

Inferior orbital fissure

Opening medial to the greater wing

Optic canal

Opening within the lesser wing

Condyle

Oval prominence usually involved with joints

Palantine bones

Paired bones shaped like an L - consist of vertical and horizontal plate

Temporal bones

Paired bones that articulate with the zygomatic bones, parietal bones, occipital bone, sphenoid bone, and the mandible

Parietal bones

Paired bones that constitue most of the top and sides of the cranium articulating with the coronal, saggital, lamboidal, and squamosal sutures

Nasal bones

Paired small oblong bones fused together too form the bridge of the nose - located in midsag plane

Bony prominence

Part of bone that sticks out and serves as attachment for muscle

Petrous part of the temporal bone

Part of temporal bone that helps form the cranial floor

Arch

Prominence shaped like a bowlike outline

Crest

Prominent often rough border or ridge

Sphenoid bone

Resembles bat or butterfly with 2 great wings and 2 lesser wings

Tuberosity

Rough and rounded prominence

Sella turcica

Saddle shaped depression on the superior surface of the sphenoid bone that houses the pituitary gland

Sulcus/groove

Shallow depression marking the course of blod vessel or nerve

Spine

Sharp structure at the posterior end of the greater wing

Foramen

Short windowlike opening in a bone

Vomer

Single flat facial bone located in midsag plane of the nasal cavity

Ethmoid bone

Single midline bone running through the midsaggital plate - anterior to the sphenoid bone

Sphenoid bone

Single midline bone wedged between two other bones in the midsaggital plane

Cornu

Small hornlike prominence

Eminence

Small rounded elevation

Line

Small straight ridge

Cribriform ( horizontal plate)

Surrounds the crista galli Perforated by multiple olfactory foramina where the nerves pass through

Inferior nasal conchae

The lowermost scroll-shaped bones on the sidewalls of the nasal cavity. - spongy bone

Tympanic part of temporal bone

The part of the temporal bone containing the external acoustic meatus, and the petrotympanic fissue

Squamous Tympanic Petrous

The temporal bones are composed of what 3 parts?

Nasal septum

The vomer bone combines with the perpendicular plate to form this structure

3. Posterior and inferior portion

The vomer bone forms which part of the nasal septum 1. Anterior and inferior portion 2. Anterior and superior portion 3. Posterior and inferior portion 4. Posterior and superior portion

Facial bones

This group of bones form facial features and serve as a base for the dentition

Meatus

Type of canal

Crista galli

Wedge shaped continuation of the vertical plate superiorly into the nasal cavity

Lateral ptrygoid ( flattened ) Medial pterygid ( thinner ) - hamulus

What 2 plates make the pterygoid process

Perpendicular plate Cribriform plate

What 2 unpaired plates form the ethmoid bone

Lesser wing: forms orbital apex Greater Wing Pterygoid Process ( site of muscle attachment

What are the 3 processes on the body of the sphenoid bone

Mastoid process: air spaces Mastoid notch Styloid process

What are three processes of the temporal bone petrous part?

Frontal, sphenoid, lacrimal, maxilla, vomer bones

What bones does the ethmoid bone articulate with

Carotid canal Styloid mastoid foramen ( facial nerve) Portion of jugular foramen

What foramina are present on the temporal bone ( petrous part)

Lamboid suture

What suture does the green line represent that joins the parietal and the occipital bone

Saggital suture

What suture does the red line represent that joins the two parieatal bones

coronal suture

What suture is represented by the purple line that joins together the frontal bone and the parietal bone

Postglenoid process Articular eminence Articular fossa

Which 3 structures does the squamous part of the temporal bone contain?

sqaumous suture

Which suture does the red line indicate that joins the parietal bone and the temporal bones

Temporozygomatic

Which suture does the turquoise line represent that joins the zygomatic bones and the temporal bones

Transverse palatine suture

articulation of maxillae & palatine bones

Infratemporal crest

divides the greater wing and lateral pterygoid process of the sphenoid bone

Squamous part of the temporal bone

large, fan-shaped, flat part on each of the temporal bones - forms the braincase -forms part of zygomatic arch

Median palatine suture

median fusion point of the horizontal plates of the palatine bones

Vomer Mandible

unpaired facial bones