HEAD/EYES/EARS
abnormal visual acuity
>20/50 or •one line difference between eyes = consider referral
legally blind is
20/200 in good eye with glasses
periorbital edema can be sign of
eye infection
myopia means
nearsightedness
Autonomic stimulation pupillary constriction?
parasympathetic NS
•Presbyopia is
problems seeing things close
light shining on one retina causes.. termed..
pupillary constriction direct reaction to eye
Autonomic stimulation pupillary dilation and raisin of upper eyelid
sympathetic NS
what muscle moves eye inward toward nose(adduction)
medical rectus
•Presbyopia
(farsightedness)
Visual Field Testing:
Static Finger Wiggle Test
nerve damage or injury to the muscle due to head trauma, congenital, causes or central lesions can cause aberration and lead to
diplopia (double vision)
Round moon face with red cheeks
cushings disease
optic disc denotes the
entry point of optic nerve
pupils contricts when
focus shifts to a close object
rotates the top of the eye away from the nose around the long axis and moves eye upwards
inferior oblique
what muscle moves the eye downward(depression)
inferior rectus
moves eye outward way from nose (abduction)
lateral rectus
rotates the top of the eye toward the nose and around the long axis also moves eye downward
superior oblique rotates the top of the eye away from the nose around the long axis and moves eye upwards
what muscle moves the eye upward(elevation)
superior rectus
when a person shifts gave from a far object to a near object.. mediated by?
the pupils constrict oculomotor nerve III
mixed edema sign of
thyroid issue
pupillary size changed in response to light and
to effort of focusing on a near object
Conjunctiva are transparent but can swell and
transparent but can swell and become injected infection, inflammation, injury
visual acuity is reported as
two number
Fundiscopic exam looks for
•Fundiscopic exam: Optic disk and cup, retina, and retinal vessels
What would you wanna ask in your head history
•Headaches •Dizziness(equilibrium) •Lightheadedness(about to pass out) •History of head trauma
Inspection of eyes
•Position and alignment •Eyebrows •Eyelids •Lacrimal glands •Conjunctiva and Sclera
head PE inspection
•Symmetry •Lesions •Masses •Hair •Skin Palpate when you notice something abnormal
in visual acuity, 20/100 means
•Top number distance from chart, bottom number distance at which a normal eye can read the chart
Eye Hx
•Vision change: unilateral, bilateral, sudden, gradual •Flashing lights •Seeing spots •Excessive tearing or lack of tearing •Eye trauma •Glasses or contacts •Hx of eye disease: glaucoma, cataract, macular degeneration pain/redness/lesions
visual PE
•Visual Acuity •Visual Fields •Conjunctiva and Sclera •Cornea, lens and pupils •Extraocular Movements
myopia is
•one line difference between eyes = consider referral