Health 3332

DEFINITION OF HEALTH IN 1947

"A state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity"

Curriculum

Activities and experiences that provide students with opportunities to acquire functional knowledge, practice skills, and evaluate attitudes

- Opportunity to practice communication skills - Connects health issues to other content areas - Enriches the classroom because it capitalizes on individually appropriate practices

Advantages of involving children in the curriculum-planning process:

Students will analyze the influence of family, peers, culture, media, technology, and other factors on health behaviors.

Analyze Influences (NHES 2)

- The brain is a complex "parallel processor." - Learning involves the whole body and its processes. - The search for meaning is innate. - The brain searches for meaning by "patterning." - Emotions are critical to "patterning." - The brain processes parts and wholes simultaneously. - We understand and retain best when facts and skills are embedded in spatial memory. - Complex learning is enhanced by challenge, but is inhibited by threat.

Applying Brain Research to Health Promotion

- Improving student performance - Eliminating achievement gaps - Upgrading the qualifications of teachers and paraprofessionals

As a result of NCLB, the federal government assumed leadership in state agencies and local school districts regarding:

DEFINITION OF HEALTH TODAY

Best understood as the capacity to function in effective and productive ways, influenced by complex personal, behavioral, and environmental variables that can change quickly.

- Acknowledged that the most effective teachers are not rewarded for doing a great job. - Recognized NCLB narrowed the focus of curriculum and marginalized history, the arts, and other critical subjects. - Eliminated the misuse of test data and teaching to the test - Refocused punitive orientation of NCLB.

Blueprint for Reform

-Maximize available expertise and resources. -Conserve taxpayer dollars by reducing duplication of services. -Maximize use of public facilities in the school and community. -Enhance communication and collaboration among health promotion professionals. -Address student health risks in the context of, rather than in competition with, the academic mission of the school.

CSH has the capacity to:

- Focuses on specific behavioral outcomes - Is research-based and theory driven - Addresses individual values and group norms - Focuses on increasing perception of risks involved in risky behaviors and reinforces protective factors - Addresses social pressures - Builds personal and social competence - Provides functional health knowledge - Uses strategies to personalize information and engage students - Provides developmentally appropriate and age-appropriate information, learning activities, teaching methods, and materials - Incorporates culturally inclusive learning strategies, teaching methods, and materials - Emphasizes adequate instructional time - Provides opportunities to reinforce skills and positive health behaviors - Provides opportunities to connect with influential others - Includes teacher information and professional development opportunities

Characteristics of Effective Health Education Curricula

- The foundation for these programs is provided by the National Health Education Standards. - The health education classroom should include heterogeneous groups of students.

Comprehensive health education programs are designed to promote healthy living and discourage health-risk behaviors.

Students will comprehend concepts related to health promotion and disease prevention to enhance health.

Core Concepts (NHES 1)

1. Identifying similarities and differences 2. Summarizing and note taking 3. Reinforcing effort and providing recognition 4. Homework and practice 5. Non-linguistic representations (images of ideas) 6. Cooperative learning 7. Setting objectives and providing feedback 8. Generating and testing hypotheses 9. Cues, questions, and advance organizers

Effective classroom teachers can significantly influence student achievement by using proven instructional strategies

1. Define the problem. 2. Identify a support group. 3. List alternatives. 4. Identify pros and cons. 5. Evaluate alternatives. 6. Rank the remaining alternatives. 7. Try the chosen alternative. 8. Evaluate the choice.

Eight-Step Decision Making Process

- Knowledge is necessary, but not enough to produce changes in student health behaviors - Health behaviors are influenced by a number of factors:

Elementary and middle-school teachers must focus on the following when providing quality health instruction

6 influential elements / domains of health today

Emphasize both the independent strength and the interactive effect of six influential elements: the 1. physical, 2. mental/intellectual, 3. emotional, 4. social, 5. spiritual, and 6. vocational domains.

- Various federal agencies are responsible for monitoring and supporting school-based health education and promotion activities: - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) manages and supports:

Federal Monitoring and Supervision of School Health Activities

- Inadequate basic resources - Psychological problems - Stress situations - Crisis and emergencies - Life transitions

Five barriers to learning:

- Problem - Define the problem. - Alternatives - List alternative solutions. - Pros and cons - List the positive and negative consequences of each alternative, including thoughts and emotions. - Choose - Make a choice and try it. - Evaluate - How did it go? What would you do next time?

Five-Step Decision Making Process

- Health determinants - Social factors - Attitudes - Values - Norms and skills

Health behaviors are influenced by a number of factors:

- Decrease absenteeism - Lower health care and insurance costs - Increase employee retention - Improve morale - Reduce the number of work-related injuries - Increase productivity - Increase motivation to practice healthy behaviors - Provide healthy role models for students

Health promotion programs for faculty and staff have been shown to:

1. Objectives establish a foundation to help individuals and communities make and act on informed health decisions. 2. Specific objectives focus on the health of children and youth. -School communities can use these objectives as -a guide to promote the health of youth.

Healthy People 2020 provides a structure to measure specified health outcome

- Apathy and shorter attention spans - Low energy levels - Inability to concentrate - Increased absences from school - Increased risk for infections

Inadequate nutrition leads to:

1. Use of higher-order thinking skills 2. Depth of knowledge 3. Meaning beyond the classroom 4. Conversation about the subject 5. High level of social support for the achievements of peers

Instructional approaches should be consistent with the following criteria:

-Mental and emotional health -Healthy eating -Physical activity -Safety -Personal health and wellness -Violence prevention -Tobacco -Alcohol and other drugs -Sexual health

Key Health Instructional Topics

- Biological factors - genetics, chemical imbalances, trauma - Environmental factors - violence, extreme stress, death of a significant person - Combination of causes

Mental, emotional, and behavioral disorders in children are caused by

Local level and Not at the state Level

Most activities related to family and community involvement in school health programs are based at the _____________ level and, not the _____________ level.

- Accountability for results - Emphasis on policies and instructional practices demonstrated by research to be effective - Expansion of options for parents - Extension of local control and flexibility in the management of schools

NCLB was built with a focus on:

- Connections - Describe relationships between behavior and health - Draw logical conclusions about connections between behavior and health - Comprehensiveness - Thoroughly covers health topic, showing breadth and depth - Gives accurate information

NHES 1: Core Concepts and its Assessment Strategies

- Identify internal and external influences on health - Explain how internal and external influences interact to impact health choices and behaviors - Explain both positive and negative influences, as appropriate

NHES 2: Analyze Influences and its Assessment Strategies

Students will demonstrate the ability to access valid information and products and services to enhance health.

NHES 3: Access Information, Products, and Services

- Access health information - Locate specific sources of health information, products, or services relevant to enhancing health in a given situation - Evaluate information sources - Explain the degree to which identified sources are valid, reliable, and appropriate as a result of evaluating each source

NHES 3: Access Information, Products, and Services and its Assessment Criteria:

Students will demonstrate the ability to use interpersonal communication skills to enhance health and avoid or reduce health risks.

NHES 4: Interpersonal Communication

- Use appropriate verbal and nonverbal communication strategies in an effective manner to enhance health or avoid/reduce risk - Use appropriate skills (e.g., negotiation skills, refusal skills) and behaviors (e.g., eye contact, body language, attentive listening)

NHES 4: Interpersonal Communication and its Assessment Criteria:

Students will demonstrate the ability to use decision-making skills to enhance health.

NHES 5: Decision Making

- Reach a health-enhancing decision using a process consisting of the following steps: - Identify a health-risk situation. - Examine alternatives. - Evaluate positive and negative consequences. - Decide on a health-enhancing course of action.

NHES 5: Decision Making and its Assessment Criteria

Students will demonstrate the ability to use goal setting to enhance health.

NHES 6: Goal Setting

- Goal statement Give goal statement that identifies health benefits - Goal is achievable and will result in enhanced health - Goal setting plan Show plan that is complete, logical and sequential, and includes a process to assess progress

NHES 6: Goal Setting and its Assessment Criteria

Students will demonstrate the ability to practice health-enhancing behaviors and avoid or reduce health risks.

NHES 7: Self-Management the "doing skill"

- Application (transfer) - Initiates health-enhancing behaviors - Applies concepts and skills appropriately and effectively - Self-monitoring and reflection - Monitor actions and makes adjustments - Accept feedback and makes adjustments - Able to self-asses, reflect on, and take responsibility for actions

NHES 7: Self-Management and its Assessment Criteria

Students will demonstrate the ability to advocate for personal, family, and community health.

NHES 8: Advocacy

- Health-enhancing position - Give clear, health-enhancing position - Support for position - Support position with facts, concepts, examples, and evidence. - Audience awareness - Show awareness of target audience; choose words, tone, and examples to suit audience. - Conviction - Display conviction for position

NHES 8: Advocacy and its Assessment Criteria

Originally written in 1995, revised and updated in 2007

NHES what year was it written and what year was it revised?

Originally written in 1995, revised and updated in 2007

National Health Education Standards (NHES)

- Provide access to nutritious and appealing meals that meet the health and nutrition needs of students. - Establish a school nutrition program.

Nutrition services should

ASCD

Position statement initiated by __________ supports that academic achievement is only one element of student learning.

National Health Education Standards

What is the acronym NHES?

1. Biology and genetics Examples include: age, sex, and inherited conditions 2. Social factors Physical conditions and other factors in the environment in which people are born, live, play, and work. 3. Health services Access to, and the quality of available health services. 4. Public Policy Local, state, and federal laws and policy initiatives have influenced the health of individuals and the population as a whole. 5. Individual behavior Positive changes in behaviors can reduce chronic diseases

Public health officials have identified five major sources of influence:

1. Cognitive domain 2. Affective domain 3. Psycho-motor/skill domain

Quality health education is grounded in developmentally appropriate practice and the three domains of learning:

the States

Responsibility for educating youth rests with the ____________.

Mental Health Services

School counselors, psychologists, and social workers are critical in providing, What?

- Screenings - Health education - Employee assistance programs - Health care - Policies that support safe and healthy lifestyles

School districts are ideal for work-site health promotion activities such as:

-Bullying -Weapon carrying -Tobacco, alcohol, and other drug possession -And acting out

School districts must consistently enforce policies managing student behaviors in the CDC priority risk areas, which include:

- Create policies that increase access to and encourage physical activity for all students. - Maintain strong physical education programs that engage students in moderate to vigorous activity at least 50% of their class time. - Integrate physical activity into classroom practice to students can be active across the school day. - Employ qualified and credentialed staff to teach PE and meet activity needs of students with disabilities.

Strategies schools can take to help children be more active:

- Information and skills seem relevant - They are actively engaged in the learning process - Learning experiences are organized - Learning experiences enable them to derive their own conclusions - They become emotionally involved with or committed to the topic - They can interact with others - Information can be put to immediate use or skills can be practiced - They recognize the reason for or value of the information or tasks to be mastered - Positive teacher-learner relationships are cultivated - A variety of teaching methods and learning strategies are used

Students learn best when...

- Design learning activities that require students to build on prior knowledge or experience. - Provide model responses for students to compare to their work. - Create rubrics that require students to develop models or visual representations of error patterns. - Have opportunities for students to identify patterns of events and compare/contrast characteristics among ideas.

Teachers are encouraged to consider the following strategies:

- Make the environment challenging, yet supportive to help reduce stress. - Structure learning experiences that enable students to practice social skills and peer acceptance. - Create and reinforce a climate of civility in the classroom. - Use humor, movement, or the expressive arts to engage students and ease instructional transitions.

Teachers are encouraged to use emotionally supportive classroom practices:

1. medical care, to make the sick well 2. disease prevention, attempts to minimize threats to health. 3. health promotion, attempts to educate basically healthy communities and individuals to develop healthier lifestyles.

The 1979 Healthy People publication provided a starting point by defining the 3 key concepts:

-Premature death -Heart disease -Diabetes -Colon cancer -High blood pressure -Depression -Anxiety

The 1996 Surgeon General's report on physical activity confirmed the benefits of regular physical activity, which include a reduced risk for:

1. Tobacco use 2. Poor eating habits 3. Alcohol and other drug use 4. Behaviors resulting in intentional and unintentional injuries 5. Physical inactivity 6. Sexual behaviors resulting in HIV and other STDs or unintended pregnancy

The CDC identified six priority health behaviors to guide educational programming

National School Lunch program

The __________ _________ _______ _________ began in 1946 in response to the inadequate nutrition of many students.

Public Schools

What schools are: - Operate in full compliance with federal, state, and local laws. - They must respond to expectations of taxpayers. - Influential stakeholders havea voice in school policy and practice.

- Present new information within the context of prior knowledge or previous experience. - Structure opportunities for students to repeat learning activities. - Use mnemonics to promote associations in memory tasks. - Incorporate visually stimulating learning materials and hands-on manipulative. - Integrate art, music, and movement into learning experiences.

To promote learning, teachers are encouraged to:

Decentralization

U.S. education is grounded in ___________________ .

Home Schooling

What Schools are: - Students are educated by parents or caregivers. - Educational plans and records must be submitted to the state department of education. - There is an increase in educational materials available

Charter or Community Schools

What Schools: - Operate with public monies and conform to state standards and federal civil rights laws. - Are granted autonomy in policy, curriculum, and program development.

50%

What ____% of premature illness and death was linked to lifestyle/personal behavior choices.

1. Core concepts 2. Analyze influences 3. Access resources 4. Interpersonal communication 5. Decision-making skills 6. Goal-setting skills 7. Practice health-enhancing behaviors 8. Advocate for health

What are the 8 National Health Education Standards (NHES)?

1. Core concepts 2. Analyze internal and external influences 3. Access information, products, and services 4. Interpersonal communication 5. Decision making 6. Goal setting 7. Self-management 8. Advocacy

What are the 8 National Health Education Standards?

-Developed by the CDC -Contains guides and resources for conducting analysis of health education curricula -Based on the National -Health Education Standards -Will help districts select appropriate and effective health education programs

What are the Health Education Curriculum Analysis Tool (HECAT)

-Health education -School health services -A healthy school environment -School counseling, psychological and social services -Physical education -School nutritional services -Family and community involvement -School-site health promotion for staff

What are the components of CSH

Is for students to adopt and maintain healthy behaviors.

What is the Goal of Health Education

Health Education Curriculum Analysis Tool (HECAT)

What is the acronym HECAT?

No Child Left Behind

What is the acronym NCLB?

Tuition Vouchers

What schools are: - Vouchers were initially proposed by politicians and education reform advocates. - They are a way for economically disadvantaged children to gain access to a wide range of school choice alternatives. - The Supreme Court ruled states have the right to distribute public tax dollars to parents for use as tuition vouchers for their children to attend private schools.

the US Constitution.

Who assets that education is the responsibility of each State.

Local School Boards

Who establish policies and practices governing day-to-day district operations?

The State Board of Education (SBE)

Who is responsible for policy making, enforcement, and governance of public schools and for long-term goals and bipartisan leadership over a variety of matters, including school health programming?

School Districts

Who must comply with federal and state educational laws?

Classroom teachers

_________ _____________ have an important role as advocates for students and participate in initial observation and referral for student health conditions.

State mandates

___________ ___________ are interpreted by local school districts and put into practice.

Chronic diseases

___________ ______________have replaced infectious diseases as the leading causes of death in the U.S.

Recognized NCLB

____________ __________narrowed the focus of curriculum and marginalized history, the arts, and other critical subjects.

"Authentic" learning

________________ is defined as learning that has meaning and significance

Individual with Disabilities Education Act

what is the acronym IDEA 2004

Individualized Education Program

what is the acronym IEP

Coordinated School Health (CSH)

what is the acronym of CSH