Health

According to the scientific data collected on the potential of a substance to cause dependence, it can be concluded that___

some substances are more addictive than others

According to early medical models, dependence was characterized by the ____?

presence of withdrawal symptoms

Identify the personality traits that are frequently and increasingly being associated with the tendency to develop substance dependence.

impulsivity, sensation-seeking

Identify a route of drug administration that puts users primarily at a higher risk of contracting dangerous viral diseases like HIV/AIDS and hepatitis.

injection

Examination of the lives of alcohol-dependent individuals reveals that alcohol dependence...

often exists within a dysfunctional family

The animal research in the 1960s that led to the positive reinforcement model implied that Blank______ is critical to the development of frequent patterns of drug-using behavior.

psychological dependence

Before adopting a disease model for dependency based on the experiences of the founders of Alcoholics Anonymous (AA), psychiatrists had commonly assumed that alcohol use disorder was

secondary to another disorder

Identify an accurate statement about attributing cause of dependence to a substance.

A substance itself cannot be seen as the entire cause of a dependence problem.

The notion that _____ forms the basis of arguments in favor of passing laws to regulate drug use and drug users.

drug use changes a user's personality in a lasting way

____dependence on drugs is increasingly accepted as the real driving force behind repeated drug use.

Psychological

Identify the main concerns that motivated the federal government to pass laws that placed restrictive regulations on the sale and use of psychoactive drugs.

addiction, toxicity, crime

How does a regular drug user overcome his or her body's tolerance toward a particular drug to experience the desired effect of the drug?

by increasing the dose of the drug

In the context of substance dependence being a family disorder, Blank______ facilitates further substance use by that user.

codependence of family members on the user

The basis for laws concerning drug use and drug users was the belief that..

drug use causes crime

To prove that all compulsive behaviors have some common physiological or biochemical action in the brain theorists have

focused on studying dopamine, an important neurotransmitter in the brain

Identify the diseases that are at an increased risk of transmission due to needle-sharing activities of intravenous drug users.

hepatitis / AIDS

A criticism of the research work focused on explaining dependence through dopamine levels is that this model___

is too simple

According to the founders of Alcoholics Anonymous (AA), alcohol use disorder__

needed to be recognized and treated as a primary problem

According to research conducted on personality types that typically tend to be involved in drug-taking behavior,___

there is a relationship between a user's personality and drug-taking behavior

The phenomenon, seen with many drugs, in which repeated exposure to the same dose of the drug results in a lesser effect is known as...

tolerance

Drugs are said to be______ when they produce effects that interfere with normal functioning in such a way as to produce dangerous or potentially dangerous consequences.

toxic

In the context of the effect of drugs, the word ______ means poisonous, deadly, or dangerous.

toxic

Match

toxicity - some drug sellers were considered to be endangering public health and victimizing individuals by selling dangerous chemicals, often without putting appropriate labels or warnings on them. addiction - some drug sellers were seen as victimizing individuals and endangering their health by selling them habit-forming drugs, often without putting appropriate labels or warnings on them. crime - drug users came to be seen as a threat to public safety, resulting in widespread attitude that drug-crazed individuals would often break the law in violent, horrible ways.

According to the early medical models, when is the dependence on a drug said to be cured?

when a user no longer had withdrawal symptoms