Health and Society

Paul Farmer has lived and worked among the poor for most of his adult life. In which countries (other than the United States) has Farmer worked the most?

-Rwanda -Haiti

What are some of the main provisions of the 2010 Affordable Care Act, known as "Obamacare"?

-all americans are required to purchase insurance -medicaid eligibility has been expanded -insurance for low-income americans is subsidized -young adults can stay on their parents plan till 26 -risk adjustment is based on preexisting conditions is eliminated

In which ways has advancing medical knowledge led to progress in the fight against AIDS?

-medication can lessen the likelihood of HIV transmissions from mothers to infants -medication can lessen the likelihood of HIV turning into AIDS -anti-HIV medicine is increasingly available

What are plausible reasons why the Dutch are on average significantly taller than Americans?

-more equal wealth distribution -lead healthier lifestyle

Which actions on the part of health-care providers, patients, and other agencies have contributed to the problem of increased antimicrobial resistance in infectious diseases?

-perscriptions of antibiotics to patients who do not need them -the routine use of antibiotics in animal feed -failure by patients to complete prescribed courses of treatment

Which factors caused doctors' authority to decline, starting in the 1990s?

-regulations gave patients more rights -market forces changed the compensation model for doctors -nontraditional medicine undermined doctors' monopoly on accepted treatments -advancing technology enabled less credentialed providers to give meaningful care

In which ways do doctors wield power in today's health-care system?

-they decide what counts as a medical disorder -they have broad authority to write prescriptions -they are self regulating

Which fraction of Americans take prescription antidepressant medication?

1 in 10

From which other trade did the surgical profession evolve?

Barbering

Which two countries are close to the United States in average life expectancy?

Columbia and Qatar

What is the origin of the word homeopathic?

It comes from the Greek words meaning "same" and "poison" (In homeopathic medicine, a disorder is treated with extreme dilutions of a substance whose effects match the disorder's symptoms.)

Rank the regions by decreasing numbers of people living with HIV.

Sub-Saharan AFrica, South and Southeast Asia, Central and South America, Middle East and North Africa

Place the ethnic groups in the United States in order of descending infant mortality rate.

black non hispanic, american indian (alaskan native), hispanic, asian american (pacific islander)

In an HMO, a doctor is paid based on the number of people assigned to him or her, rather than on the number of patient visits. What is the term for the per-person fee the provider earns?

capitation

What is the difference between dynamic psychiatry and diagnostic psychiatry?

dynamic focuses on the psychological causes while the diagnostic focuses on the symptoms

How did social psychologist Sherman James use the legend of John Henry to propose an explanation for the high incidence of hypertension (high blood pressure) among black Americans at all socioeconomic levels?

elevated blood pressure is caused by stress of constantly dealing with unfair treatment

What does the graph reveal about the interaction of race and gender when it comes to life expectancy in the United States?

for longevity race and gender both matter quite a bit

the drift theory

health casually affects SES

Within the United States, which three populations have the greatest risk of HIV infection?

homosexual men and african american men and women

Why are there generally more old women than old men in a given population?

longer life expectancy for female children and adults compared to men

What is the basic premise of the Housing First program?

providing housing to homeless individuals without requiring that they be in psychiatric or substance abuse treatment

Health and SES are spuriously correlated due to a common causal factor, such as genetics, driving both.

selective theory

SES casually affects health

social determinants theory

The Hmong people are an ethnic group native to the mountainous regions of mainland Southeast Asia. What is traditional Hmong understanding of epileptic seizures?

the soul briefly leave the body and visits the spirit world

In 1977, a change in Social Security policy produced a natural experiment: people born just after January 1, 1917, received reduced benefits compared to people born just a few days earlier. What did the experiment reveal?

there was a negative correlation between greater benefits and longevity -elderly working part time promotes longevity

Which is the leading killer worldwide?

waterborne illness