Health Care Systems CDC
Secondary
-Amniotic fluid -Peritoneal fluid -Cerebrospinal fluid -Interstitial fluid -Pleural fluid -tissue specimens
CDC develops and applies the following to improve the health of Americans
-Disease prevention and control -Environmental health -Health promotion and education
Added Standard Precautions (were created to protect patients)
-Respiratory Hygiene/ Cough Etiquette -Safe injection practices -use of masks for insertion of catheters or injection of material into spinal or epidural spaces via lumbar puncture procedures
Primary
-blood -semen -vaginal secretions -any body fluid visibly contaminated with blood
Transmission-based precautions may be used alone or with standard precautions...include:
-droplet precautions -airborne precautions -contact precautions
Standard Precautions
-hand hygiene -use of gloves -gown -mask -eye protection -face shield -depending on the anticipated exposure -safe injection practices -equipment/supplies in patient environment likely to have been contaminated with infectious body fluids must be handled in a manner to prevent transmission of infectious agents *direct contact: gloves *heavily soiled: sanitize, disinfect, sterilize Education and training
Mission of the CDC
-identifies and defines preventable health problems -maintains active surveillance of diseases -environmental health problem *disease prevention/control and health promotion research * occupational safety and health standards *disease prevention and control program *clinical laboratories improvement program -controls the introduction and spread of infectious diseases *provides consultation and assistance to other nations and international agencies *administers the Preventive Health and Health Services Block Grant and grants *provides expertise/assistance with disease prevention and control to Federal, State, local, and private organizations
examples of Diseases (Droplet Precautions)
-influenza -meningococcal meningitis -mumps -rubella -diphtheria -pertussis (whooping cough) -streptococcus pneumonia
Standard Precautions
-primary strategy for prevention of transmission of infectious agents -applied to all patient care in all healthcare settings -all body fluids, non-intact skin and moist surfaces are considered infectious -barrier devices PPE should be worn when health care providers may come in contact with body fluids
Special Factors for Droplet precautions
-private room -a mask should be worn by the patient when out of the room -a regular/surgical mask should be used by healthcare providers
Center for Disease and Prevention
A federal agency
CDC
Center for Disease Control and Prevention
1992
Center for Disease Control is renamed Centers for Disease Control
1967
Communicable Disease Center is renamed National Communicable Disease Center (NCDC)
Precautions to Prevent Infectious Disease Spread
Developed "Universal Precautions" in 1987
Founder of the The Communicable Disease Center
Dr. Joseph Mountin
Airborne
M- Measles/monkeypox T-TB V-Varicella S-sars/smallpox
Contact
Mrs.Chewb M-multidrug resistant organism R. respiratory infection S-skin infections C-congenital rubella H-hepatitis type A E-enteric (clostridium difficile)/ -eye infection- conjunctivitis W- wound infections B- bronchiolitis
Droplet
SPIDERMAN S- sepsis/scarletfever/streptococcal pharyngitis P- parvovirus B19/pneumonia/pertussis I- influenza D- diphtheria(pharyngeal) E-epiglottitis/ebola R- rubella/rhinovirus M-mumps/meningitis/myocoplasma/meningeal pneumonia AN-adenovirus
CDC guidelines were revised in 1996 are now called
Standard Precautions
1970
The National Communicable Disease Center (NCDC) is renamed Center for Disease Control (CDC)
Droplet Precautions
reduce the risk of droplet transmission of infectious agents
History of CDC
small branch of the Public Health Service, which began in Atlanta in 1942 -1947 it expanded to other communicable diseases -disease surveillance -the nation's premiere health promotion, prevention, and preparedness agency
Protective (Reverse) Isolation Precautions
used in the hospital setting