Health Care Systems CDC

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Secondary

-Amniotic fluid -Peritoneal fluid -Cerebrospinal fluid -Interstitial fluid -Pleural fluid -tissue specimens

CDC develops and applies the following to improve the health of Americans

-Disease prevention and control -Environmental health -Health promotion and education

Added Standard Precautions (were created to protect patients)

-Respiratory Hygiene/ Cough Etiquette -Safe injection practices -use of masks for insertion of catheters or injection of material into spinal or epidural spaces via lumbar puncture procedures

Primary

-blood -semen -vaginal secretions -any body fluid visibly contaminated with blood

Transmission-based precautions may be used alone or with standard precautions...include:

-droplet precautions -airborne precautions -contact precautions

Standard Precautions

-hand hygiene -use of gloves -gown -mask -eye protection -face shield -depending on the anticipated exposure -safe injection practices -equipment/supplies in patient environment likely to have been contaminated with infectious body fluids must be handled in a manner to prevent transmission of infectious agents *direct contact: gloves *heavily soiled: sanitize, disinfect, sterilize Education and training

Mission of the CDC

-identifies and defines preventable health problems -maintains active surveillance of diseases -environmental health problem *disease prevention/control and health promotion research * occupational safety and health standards *disease prevention and control program *clinical laboratories improvement program -controls the introduction and spread of infectious diseases *provides consultation and assistance to other nations and international agencies *administers the Preventive Health and Health Services Block Grant and grants *provides expertise/assistance with disease prevention and control to Federal, State, local, and private organizations

examples of Diseases (Droplet Precautions)

-influenza -meningococcal meningitis -mumps -rubella -diphtheria -pertussis (whooping cough) -streptococcus pneumonia

Standard Precautions

-primary strategy for prevention of transmission of infectious agents -applied to all patient care in all healthcare settings -all body fluids, non-intact skin and moist surfaces are considered infectious -barrier devices PPE should be worn when health care providers may come in contact with body fluids

Special Factors for Droplet precautions

-private room -a mask should be worn by the patient when out of the room -a regular/surgical mask should be used by healthcare providers

Center for Disease and Prevention

A federal agency

CDC

Center for Disease Control and Prevention

1992

Center for Disease Control is renamed Centers for Disease Control

1967

Communicable Disease Center is renamed National Communicable Disease Center (NCDC)

Precautions to Prevent Infectious Disease Spread

Developed "Universal Precautions" in 1987

Founder of the The Communicable Disease Center

Dr. Joseph Mountin

Airborne

M- Measles/monkeypox T-TB V-Varicella S-sars/smallpox

Contact

Mrs.Chewb M-multidrug resistant organism R. respiratory infection S-skin infections C-congenital rubella H-hepatitis type A E-enteric (clostridium difficile)/ -eye infection- conjunctivitis W- wound infections B- bronchiolitis

Droplet

SPIDERMAN S- sepsis/scarletfever/streptococcal pharyngitis P- parvovirus B19/pneumonia/pertussis I- influenza D- diphtheria(pharyngeal) E-epiglottitis/ebola R- rubella/rhinovirus M-mumps/meningitis/myocoplasma/meningeal pneumonia AN-adenovirus

CDC guidelines were revised in 1996 are now called

Standard Precautions

1970

The National Communicable Disease Center (NCDC) is renamed Center for Disease Control (CDC)

Droplet Precautions

reduce the risk of droplet transmission of infectious agents

History of CDC

small branch of the Public Health Service, which began in Atlanta in 1942 -1947 it expanded to other communicable diseases -disease surveillance -the nation's premiere health promotion, prevention, and preparedness agency

Protective (Reverse) Isolation Precautions

used in the hospital setting


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