Health: Eating Disorders

Ghrelin

an enzyme produced by the stomach lining cells that stimulate appetite - makes your stomach growl

Satiety

feeling full

Bulimia Nervosa

individuals binge on huge amounts of food and then engage in purging, vomiting, or taking laxatives or exercise excessively to lose consumed calories

Bingeing

indulge in an activity, especially eating a lot of food in one sitting

Water

most abundant nutrient in your body; needed for all body functions

Positive Body Image

true perception of your appearance; a celebration of being unique

Fats

(lipids) keep you warm and protect origins, there are three types of fats saturated (are solid at room temperature such as butter), unsaturated (liquid at room temperature such as olive oil and vegetable oil), and trans fat (keep food good for a longer period of time) - carries the flavor of foods; makes you feel full and improves the tastes of foods

Body Image Disorders

-Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD) -Social Physique Anxiety (SPA)

Muscle Dysmorphia

-an exercise disorder among men occurs when a man believes that his body is insufficiently lean or muscular -behaviors include comparing oneself unfavorably to others, frequently checking one's appearance in the mirror, and camouflaging one's appearance -individuals with muscle dysmorphia are likely to use anabolic steroids and dietary supplements

Anorexia Athletica

-compulsive exercise -not by a desire to exercise but a compulsion to do so -a person may struggle with guilt and anxiety if he or she doesn't work out. -injuries to joints, tendons, ligaments, cartilage, broken bones, and stress on the heart occur. -people with this disorder are often plagued by anxiety and/or depression.

The APA criteria for Binge-Eating Disorder

-eating much more rapidly than normal -eating until feeling uncomfortably full -eating large amounts of food when not hungry -eating alone due to embarrassment over quantity eaten -feeling disgusted with oneself, depressed, or very guilty after overeating -marked distress regarding binge-eating is pressu

How Can You Help?

-learn as much as you can about the disorder. -know the difference between facts and myths. -be honest. -be caring, but firm. -compliment your friend's personality, successes, or accomplishments. -be a good role model. -tell someone.

The Female Athlete Triad

-low energy intake, typically prompted by disordered eating behaviors -menstrual dysfunction such as amenorrhea (absence of period) -poor bone density

Factors that Influence of Body Images

-media and popular cultural -family, community, and cultural - physiological and psychological factors

The APA criteria for Bulimia Nervosa

-recurrent episodes of binge eating -recurrent inappropriate compensatory behavior to prevent weight gain -binge eating and inappropriate compensatory behaviors occur on average at least once a week for 3 months -body shape and weight unduly influence self-evaluation

The American Psychiatric Association (APA) criteria for Anorexia Nervosa

-refusal to maintain body weight at or above a minimally normal weight range for age and height -intense fear of gaining weight or becoming fat, even though considered underweight by all medical criteria -disturbance in the way in which one's body weight or shape is experienced, undue influence of body weight or shape on self-evaluation, or denial of the seriousness of current low body weight

Eating Disorders Not Otherwise Specified (EDNOS)

-some patterns of eating disorder do not fit into diagnostic criteria but are a legitimate psychiatric illness. -this group of disorders can include night eating syndrome or recurrent purging in the absence of binge-eating.

Treat for Eating Disorders

-without treatment, about 20% of people with serious eating disorder will die from it -with treatment, long-term recovery rates range from 44% to 76% for anorexia nervosa and 50% to 70% for bulimia nervosa -treatment focuses on reducing threat to life and long-term therapy on the psychological, social, environmental, and physiological factors that have led to the problem

What is the most common eating disorder?

EDNOS

Hunger

a desire or craving for food

Appetite

a natural desire to satisfy a bodily need, especially for food, a psychological thought

What is Disordered Eating?

a pattern of atypical (unusual) behaviors used to achieve or maintain a lower body weight like at Thanksgiving and eating a lot

Anorexia Nervosa

a persistent, chronic eating disorder characterized by deliberate food restriction and severe, life-threatening weight loss -self starvation -distorted body image -purging through vomiting and laxatives

What is an Eating Disorder?

a psychiatric disorder characterized by several disturbances in body image and eating behavior

When do eating disorder most commonly begin?

adolescence

Proteins

amino acids that help build muscle such as fish and meats

What eating disorder is indicated by starvation behavior?

anorexia nervosa

Binge-Eating Disorder

binge-eaters gorge but do not practice inappropriate compensatory behaviors and so may be clinically obese

People suffering from their eating disorder typically appear to be normal weight, but can be doing significant damage to their internal organs

bulimia nervosa

Negative Body Image

either a distorted perception of your shape or feelings of discomfort, shame, or anxiety

Carlorie

energy value of a food

True or False: If your eating patterns do not fit the symptoms of a described eating disorder such as anorexia or bulimia, you are a normal eater

false

True or False: Only women develop eating disorders

false

True or False: The tendency to develop an eating disorder is random; it does not run in the family

false

What is body image?

how you see yourself in your mind, what you believe in your own appearance, and how comfortable you feel about your body

Vitamins

needed in small amounts for life and growth; divided into two groups, fats and water-soluble

How many essential amino acids are there?

nine

Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD)

persons with BDD are obsessively concerned with their appearance, have a distorted view of their own body shape, body size, weight, perceived lack of muscles, facial blemishes, sizes of body parts, and so on

Social Physique Anxiety (SPA)

persons with SPA spend a disproportionate amount of time fixating on their bodies, working out, and performing tasks that are ego centered and self-directed

6 Essential Nutrients

proteins, carbs, water, vitamins, minerals, and fats

Leptin

regulates fats stored in the body - says you're full

Purging

self induced vomiting and misuse of laxatives or excessive exercising

Minerals

substance such as iron and calcium, found in the environment; cannot be digested but are essential to the body's functions

Metabolism

the breakdown of food and its transformation into energy - a high metabolism means you process food faster

Nutrition

the process of producing of obtaining the food necessary for health and growth

Carbohydrates

there are two types, simple and complex (you should eat more complex foods) -complex are things like starches (such as pasta breakdown to glucose and provide energy), and fiber (fruits and vegetables that make you go to the bathroom) - made up of carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen; can be simple or complex

Abnormal Eating

this occurs when the emotional and psychological aspects of food cause a person to dramatically change their eating behavior

Can exercising be bad?

yes, if you exercise in an unhealthy way