Health: Eating Disorders
Ghrelin
an enzyme produced by the stomach lining cells that stimulate appetite - makes your stomach growl
Satiety
feeling full
Bulimia Nervosa
individuals binge on huge amounts of food and then engage in purging, vomiting, or taking laxatives or exercise excessively to lose consumed calories
Bingeing
indulge in an activity, especially eating a lot of food in one sitting
Water
most abundant nutrient in your body; needed for all body functions
Positive Body Image
true perception of your appearance; a celebration of being unique
Fats
(lipids) keep you warm and protect origins, there are three types of fats saturated (are solid at room temperature such as butter), unsaturated (liquid at room temperature such as olive oil and vegetable oil), and trans fat (keep food good for a longer period of time) - carries the flavor of foods; makes you feel full and improves the tastes of foods
Body Image Disorders
-Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD) -Social Physique Anxiety (SPA)
Muscle Dysmorphia
-an exercise disorder among men occurs when a man believes that his body is insufficiently lean or muscular -behaviors include comparing oneself unfavorably to others, frequently checking one's appearance in the mirror, and camouflaging one's appearance -individuals with muscle dysmorphia are likely to use anabolic steroids and dietary supplements
Anorexia Athletica
-compulsive exercise -not by a desire to exercise but a compulsion to do so -a person may struggle with guilt and anxiety if he or she doesn't work out. -injuries to joints, tendons, ligaments, cartilage, broken bones, and stress on the heart occur. -people with this disorder are often plagued by anxiety and/or depression.
The APA criteria for Binge-Eating Disorder
-eating much more rapidly than normal -eating until feeling uncomfortably full -eating large amounts of food when not hungry -eating alone due to embarrassment over quantity eaten -feeling disgusted with oneself, depressed, or very guilty after overeating -marked distress regarding binge-eating is pressu
How Can You Help?
-learn as much as you can about the disorder. -know the difference between facts and myths. -be honest. -be caring, but firm. -compliment your friend's personality, successes, or accomplishments. -be a good role model. -tell someone.
The Female Athlete Triad
-low energy intake, typically prompted by disordered eating behaviors -menstrual dysfunction such as amenorrhea (absence of period) -poor bone density
Factors that Influence of Body Images
-media and popular cultural -family, community, and cultural - physiological and psychological factors
The APA criteria for Bulimia Nervosa
-recurrent episodes of binge eating -recurrent inappropriate compensatory behavior to prevent weight gain -binge eating and inappropriate compensatory behaviors occur on average at least once a week for 3 months -body shape and weight unduly influence self-evaluation
The American Psychiatric Association (APA) criteria for Anorexia Nervosa
-refusal to maintain body weight at or above a minimally normal weight range for age and height -intense fear of gaining weight or becoming fat, even though considered underweight by all medical criteria -disturbance in the way in which one's body weight or shape is experienced, undue influence of body weight or shape on self-evaluation, or denial of the seriousness of current low body weight
Eating Disorders Not Otherwise Specified (EDNOS)
-some patterns of eating disorder do not fit into diagnostic criteria but are a legitimate psychiatric illness. -this group of disorders can include night eating syndrome or recurrent purging in the absence of binge-eating.
Treat for Eating Disorders
-without treatment, about 20% of people with serious eating disorder will die from it -with treatment, long-term recovery rates range from 44% to 76% for anorexia nervosa and 50% to 70% for bulimia nervosa -treatment focuses on reducing threat to life and long-term therapy on the psychological, social, environmental, and physiological factors that have led to the problem
What is the most common eating disorder?
EDNOS
Hunger
a desire or craving for food
Appetite
a natural desire to satisfy a bodily need, especially for food, a psychological thought
What is Disordered Eating?
a pattern of atypical (unusual) behaviors used to achieve or maintain a lower body weight like at Thanksgiving and eating a lot
Anorexia Nervosa
a persistent, chronic eating disorder characterized by deliberate food restriction and severe, life-threatening weight loss -self starvation -distorted body image -purging through vomiting and laxatives
What is an Eating Disorder?
a psychiatric disorder characterized by several disturbances in body image and eating behavior
When do eating disorder most commonly begin?
adolescence
Proteins
amino acids that help build muscle such as fish and meats
What eating disorder is indicated by starvation behavior?
anorexia nervosa
Binge-Eating Disorder
binge-eaters gorge but do not practice inappropriate compensatory behaviors and so may be clinically obese
People suffering from their eating disorder typically appear to be normal weight, but can be doing significant damage to their internal organs
bulimia nervosa
Negative Body Image
either a distorted perception of your shape or feelings of discomfort, shame, or anxiety
Carlorie
energy value of a food
True or False: If your eating patterns do not fit the symptoms of a described eating disorder such as anorexia or bulimia, you are a normal eater
false
True or False: Only women develop eating disorders
false
True or False: The tendency to develop an eating disorder is random; it does not run in the family
false
What is body image?
how you see yourself in your mind, what you believe in your own appearance, and how comfortable you feel about your body
Vitamins
needed in small amounts for life and growth; divided into two groups, fats and water-soluble
How many essential amino acids are there?
nine
Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD)
persons with BDD are obsessively concerned with their appearance, have a distorted view of their own body shape, body size, weight, perceived lack of muscles, facial blemishes, sizes of body parts, and so on
Social Physique Anxiety (SPA)
persons with SPA spend a disproportionate amount of time fixating on their bodies, working out, and performing tasks that are ego centered and self-directed
6 Essential Nutrients
proteins, carbs, water, vitamins, minerals, and fats
Leptin
regulates fats stored in the body - says you're full
Purging
self induced vomiting and misuse of laxatives or excessive exercising
Minerals
substance such as iron and calcium, found in the environment; cannot be digested but are essential to the body's functions
Metabolism
the breakdown of food and its transformation into energy - a high metabolism means you process food faster
Nutrition
the process of producing of obtaining the food necessary for health and growth
Carbohydrates
there are two types, simple and complex (you should eat more complex foods) -complex are things like starches (such as pasta breakdown to glucose and provide energy), and fiber (fruits and vegetables that make you go to the bathroom) - made up of carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen; can be simple or complex
Abnormal Eating
this occurs when the emotional and psychological aspects of food cause a person to dramatically change their eating behavior
Can exercising be bad?
yes, if you exercise in an unhealthy way