Health Promo Exam 2

What type of play is typical of infants? A. Solitary B. Parallel C. Associative D. Competitive/Cooperative

A. Solitary Rationale: Infants have a short attention span and do not interact with other children during play

A nurse is providing care based on Maslow's hierarchy of basic human needs. For which nursing activities is this approach useful? A. Making accurate nursing diagnoses B. Establishing priorities of care C. Communicating concerns more concisely D. Integrating science into nursing care

B. Establishing priorities of care

A nurse is planning a teaching plan for an older adult. Which common factors among older adult patients must be considered? (Select all that apply.) A. Sensory decline occurs as one ages. B. Learning may require more energy. C. Intelligence decreases as people age. D. Older adults rely more on visual rather than auditory learning. E. Older adult patients are more resistant to change that accompanies new learning.

A and B

A parent of a 3-year-old tells a clinic nurse that the child is rebelling constantly and having temper tantrums. Using Erikson's psychosocial development theory, which instruction (s) should the nurse provide to the parent? (Select all that apply) A. Set limits on the child's behavior B. Ignore the child when this behavior occurs C. Allow the behavior, because this is notmal at this age period D. Provide a simple explanation of why the behavior is unacceptable. E. Punish the child every time the child says "no" to change the behavior.

A and D Rationale: According to Erikson, the child focuses on gaining some basic control over self and the environment and the environment and independence between ages 1 and 3 years. Gaining independence often means that the child has to rebel against the parents wishes. Saying things like "no" or "mine" and having temper tantrums are common during this period of development. Being consistent and setting limits on the child's behavior are necessary elements. Providing a simple explanation of why certain behaviors are unacceptable is an appropriate action. Options 2 and 3 do not address the child's behavior. Option 5 is likely to produce a negative response during this normal development pattern.

A nurse must implement a teaching plan for a patient recently diagnosed with heart failure. Which should the nurse do first? A. Identify the patient's level of recognition of the need for learning. B. Frame the goal within the patient's value system. C. Determine the patient's preferred learning style. D. Assess the patient's personal support system.

A. Identify the patient's level of recognition of the need for learning.

Which stage of development is most unstable and challenging regarding development of personal identity? A) Adolescence B) Toddler hood C) Childhood D) Infancy

A) Adolescence

The mother of a toddler asks a nurse when it is safe to place the car safety seat in a face-forward position. The best nursing response is which of the following? A) When the toddler weighs 20 lbs B) The seat should not be placed in a face-forward position unless there are safety locks in the car C) The seat should never be place in a face-forward position because the risk of the child unbuckling the harness D) When the weight of the toddler is greater than 40 lbs

A) When the toddler weighs 20 lbs Rationale: The transition point for switching to the forward facing position is defined by the manufacturer of the convertible car safety seat but is generally at a body weight of 9 kg or 20 lb and 1 year of age. Convertible car safety seats are used until the child weighs at least 40 lb. Options b, c, and d are incorrect

A nurse is teaching a patient who has impaired vision to self-inject insulin. Which should the nurse do to facilitate the teaching-learning process? (Select all that apply.) A. Obtain an order for automatic-stop syringes. B. Provide written information in large print. C. Use audio learning materials. D. Enunciate each word clearly. E. Speak slowly.

A, B, and C

The nurse can increase a patient's self-awareness through which of the following actions? (Select all that apply.) A. Helping the patient define her problems clearly B. Allowing the patient to openly explore thoughts and feelings C. Reframing the patient's thoughts and feelings in a more positive way D. Have family members assume more responsibility during times of stress E. Politely asking the patient to refrain from sharing her problems

A, B, and C Rationale: -Self-Awareness is defines as: understanding how your behaviors are linked to your core beliefs and values -Introspection: the act of personal exploration and evaluation of thoughts, emotions, behaviors and values

The parent of a 3-month-old infant asks the nurse, "At what age do infants usually begin drinking from a cup?" The nurse would reply: A. 6 months. B. 9 months. C. 1 year. D. 2 years.

A. 6 months.

Which age group would have a tendency towards eating disorders? A. Adolescence B. Toddlers C. Childhood D. Infancy

A. Adolescence

A maternity nurse is providing instruction to a new mother regarding the psychosocial development of the newborn infant. Using Erikson's psychosocial development theory, the nurse would instruct the mother to: A. Allow the newborn infant to signal a need B. Anticipate all of the needs of the newborn infant C. Avoid the newborn infant during the first 10 minutes of crying D. Attend to the newborn infant immediately when crying

A. Allow the newborn infant to signal a need Rationale: According to Erikson, the caregiver should not try to anticipate the newborn infant's needs at all times but must allow the newborn infant to signal needs. If a newborn is not allowed to signal a need, the newborn will not learn how to control the environment. Erikson believed that a delayed or prolonged response to a newborn's signal would inhibit the development of trust and lead to mistrust of others.

"Trust vs. Mistrust" occurs when? A. Birth - 1 year B. 1 - 3 years C. 3 - 6 years D. 6 - 12 years E. 12 - 20 years F. 20 - 35 years G. 35 - 65 years H. 65 years and beyond

A. Birth - 1 year

Which factors should the nurse assess to determine a patient's ability to learn? A. Developmental capabilities and physical capabilities B. Sociocultural background and motivation C. Psychosocial adaptation to illness and active participation D. Stage of grieving and overall physical health

A. Developmental capabilities and physical capabilities Rationale: -Developmental and physical capabilities reflect one's ability to learn. -Sociocultural background and motivation are factors in readiness to learn. -Psychosocial adaptation to illness and active participation are factors in readiness to learn. -Readiness to learn is related to the stage of grieving. Overall physical health does reflect ability to learn; however, because it is paired here with stage of grieving (which is a readiness to learn factor), this is a wrong answer.

The theory of psychosocial development was created by ______. A. Erik Erikson B. Sigmund Freud C. Lawrence Kohlberg D. Jean Piaget

A. Erik Erikson

When developing an appropriate outcome for a 15-year-old girl, the nurse considers that a primary developmental task of adolescence is to: A. Form a sense of identity. B. Create intimate relationships. C. Separate from parents and live independently. D. Achieve positive self-esteem through experimentation.

A. Form a sense of identity.

The nurse is assessing a four-month-old infant. The nurse would anticipate finding that the infant would be able to A. Hold a rattle B. Bang two blocks C. Drink from a cup D. Wave "bye-bye"

A. Hold a rattle

Based on knowledge of the developmental tasks of Erikson's Industry versus Inferiority, the nurse emphasizes proper technique for use of an inhaler with a 10-year-old boy so he will: A. Increase his self-esteem with mastery of a new skill. B. Accept changes in his appearance and physical endurance. C. Experience success in role transitions and increased responsibilities. D. Appreciate his body appearance and function.

A. Increase his self-esteem with mastery of a new skill.

A nurse is assessing a patient to determine educational needs. Which is most important for the nurse to consider? A. Make no assumptions about the patient. B. Teaching may be informal or formal in nature. C. The teaching plan should be documented on appropriate records. D. A copy of the teaching-learning contract should be given to the patient.

A. Make no assumptions about the patient. Rationale: Many variables influence an individual's willingness and ability to learn (e.g., readiness, motivation, physical and emotional abilities, education, age, cultural and health beliefs, cognitive abilities). Because everyone is unique with individual needs, the nurse must avoid making assumptions and generalizations.

An adult woman is recovering from a mastectomy for breast cancer and is frequently tearful when left alone. The nurse's approach should be based on an understanding of which of the following: A. Patients need support in dealing with the loss of a body part. B. The patient's family should take the lead role in providing support. C. The nurse should explain that breast tissue is not essential to life. D. The patient should focus on the cure of the cancer rather than loss of the breast.

A. Patients need support in dealing with the loss of a body part.

A 16 year old child is hospitalized, according to Erik Erikson, what is an appropriate intervention? A. Tell the friends to visit the child B. Encourage patient to help child learn lessons missed C. Call the priest to intervene D. Tell the child's girlfriend to visit the child.

A. Tell the friends to visit the child Rationale: The child is 16 years old, In the stage of Identity vs. Role Confusion. The most significant persons in this group are the PEERS.

A patient had a stroke and must use a cane for support. A nurse is preparing to teach the patient about the cane. Which learning objective/outcome is most appropriate? A. The patient will walk to the bathroom and back to bed using a cane. B. The patient will understand the importance of using a cane. C. The patient will learn how to use a cane. D. The patient will know the correct use of a cane.

A. The patient will walk to the bathroom and back to bed using a cane.

In terms of cognitive development the 5-year-old child would be expected to: A. Use magical thinking. B. Think abstractly. C. Understand conservation of matter. D. Be able to comprehend another person's perspective.

A. Use magical thinking. Rationale: Magical thinking is believing that thoughts can cause events. Abstract thought does not develop until school-age years. The concept of conservation is the cognitive task of school-age children ages 5 to 7 years. Five-year-olds cannot understand another's perspective.

In developing role behavior, the child learns which of the following through substitution? A. Internalizing beliefs and values of role models B. Refraining from behavior even though tempted. C. Avoiding unacceptable behavior because it is punished. D. Engaging in an acceptable behavior instead of another unacceptable one

D. Engaging in an acceptable behavior instead of another unacceptable one

A nurse is teaching a patient colostomy care in relation to the affective domain. Which teaching method is most effective for this situation? A. Discussing a pamphlet about colostomy care from the American Cancer Society B. Exploring how the patient feels about having a colostomy C. Providing a demonstration on how to do colostomy care D. Showing a videotape demonstrating colostomy care

B. Exploring how the patient feels about having a colostomy Rationale: This option reflects learning in the affective domain. Affective learning is concerned with feelings, emotions, values, beliefs, and attitudes about the colostomy.

According to Erikson, the psychosocial task of adolescence is developing: A. Intimacy. B. Identity. C. Initiative. D. Independence.

B. Identity.

Which of the following questions would best relate to self identity on a focused self concept assessment? A. Who would you like to be? B. What do you like most about your body? C. What are your personal strengths? D. Do you like being a teacher?

C. What are your personal strengths?

The nurse would expect a 4-month-old to be able to: A. hold a cup. B. stand with assistance. C. lift head and shoulders. D. sit with back straight.

C. lift head and shoulders. Rationale: Because development is cephalocaudal, of these choices, lifting the head and shoulders is the one that the infant learns to do first. The infant can usually sit with support at about 5 months of age and can sit alone at about 8 months.

A clinic nurse assesses the communication patterns of a 5-month-old infant. The nurse determines that the infant is demonstrating the highest level of developmental achievement expected if the infant: A) Uses simple words such as "mama" B) Uses monosyllabic babbling C) Links syllables together D) Coos when comforted

B) Uses monosyllabic babbling Rationale: Using monosyllabic babbling occurs between 3 and 6 months of age. Using simple words such as "mama" occurs between 9 and 12 months. Linking syllables together when communicating occurs between 6 and 9 months. Cooing begins at birth and continues until 2 months.

A nurse is teaching a preschool-aged child. Which teaching method is most appropriate for the nurse to use when teaching a child in this age group? A. Demonstrations B. Coloring books C. Small groups D. Videos

B. Coloring books

The most appropriate activity to recommend to parents to promote sensorimotor stimulation for a 1-year-old would be to: A. ride a tricycle. B. spend time in an infant swing. C. play with push-pull toys. D. read large picture books.

C. play with push-pull toys Rationale: Push-pull toys are appropriate to promote sensorimotor stimulation for a 1-year-old child.

The most appropriate activity to recommend to parents to promote sensorimotor stimulation for a 2-year-old would be to: A. ride a tricycle. B. spend time in an infant swing. C. play with push-pull toys. D. read large picture books.

C. play with push-pull toys.

A 4-year-old boy is hospitalized with a serious bacterial infection. He tells the nurse that he is sick because he was "bad." The nurse's best interpretation of this comment is that it is: A. A sign of stress. B. Common at this age. C. Suggestive of maladaptation. D. Suggestive of excessive discipline at home.

B. Common at this age. Rationale: From ages 3-6, children are in Erikson's stage of "initiative vs. guilt." In this stage, children believe that events are a direct result from their actions. ("Bad things happen because I was bad" and vice-versa)

The nurse teaches parents how to help their children learn impulse control and cooperative behaviors. This would occur during which of the stages of development defined by Erikson? A.Trust versus mistrust B.Initiative versus guilt C.Industry versus inferiority D.Autonomy vs. Shame and doubt

B) Initiative vs Guilt. Rationale: The stage of initiative versus guilt occurs from ages 3 to 6 years, during which children develop direction and purpose. Teaching impulse control and cooperative behaviors during this stage help the child to avoid risks of altered growth and development. In the autonomy versus sense of shame and doubt stage, toddlers learn to achieve self-control and willpower. Trust versus mistrust is the first stage, during which children develop faith and optimism. During the industry versus inferiority stage, children develop a sense of competency.

Which of the following occurs during infancy? (Select all that apply) A. Magical thinking B. Object permanence C. Separation recognition D. Separation attachment E. Separation anxiety

B, C, E Rationale: A. Magical thinking occurs during ages 3-6 B. Object permanence develops at about 9 months. This is the process of knowing that an object still exists even when it is hidden from view C. Separation recognition occurs during the first year as infants recognize the boundaries between themselves and others D. Separation attachment is not a term that is a part of growth and development E. Separation anxiety develops between 4 and 8 months of age. Infants protest loudly when separated from parents, which can cause considerable anxiety for the parents

Which situation will cause the nurse to postpone a teaching session? (Select all that apply.) A. The patient is mildly anxious. B. The patient is fatigued. C. The patient is asking questions. D. The patient is hurting. E. The patient is febrile (high fever). F. The patient is in the acceptance phase.

B, D, E

The nurse is preparing written handouts to be used as part of the standardized teaching plan for patient's who have been recently diagnosed with diabetes. Which of the following statements would be appropriate to include in the handouts: A. "Polyphagia, polydipsia, and polyuria are common symptoms of Diabetes mellitus" B. "The use of the right foods can help in keeping blood glucose at a near-normal level" C. "Some diabetes control blood glucose with oral medications or nutritional interventions" D. "Diabetes mellitus is characterized by chronic hyperglycemia and the associated symptoms"

B. "The use of the right foods can help in keeping blood glucose at a near-normal level"

"Autonomy vs. Shame & Doubt" occurs when? A. Birth - 1 year B. 1 - 3 years C. 3 - 6 years D. 6 - 12 years E. 12 - 20 years F. 20 - 35 years G. 35 - 65 years H. 65 years and beyond

B. 1 - 3 years

The nurse knows that an infant's birth weight should be tripled by: A. 9 months. B. 1 year. C. 18 months. D. 2 years.

B. 1 year. Rationale: The infant usually triples his or her birth weight by about 12 months of age.

A parent brings a 6-month-old infant to the pediatric clinic for her well-baby examination. Her birth weight was 8 pounds, 2 ounces. The nurse weighing the infant today would expect her weight to be at least _____ pounds. A. 12 B. 16 C. 20 D. 24

B. 16 Rationale: Birth weight is usually doubled by 6 months of age.

Which statement accurately describes physical development during the school-age years? A. The child's weight almost triples. B. A child grows an average of 2 inches per year. C. Few physical differences are apparent among children at the end of middle childhood. D. Fat gradually increases, which contributes to the child's heavier appearance.

B. A child grows an average of 2 inches per year.

Which action best indicates that learning has occurred? A. A nurse presents information about diabetes. B. A patient demonstrates how to inject insulin. C. A family member listens to a lecture on diabetes. D. A primary care provider hands a diabetes pamphlet to the patient.

B. A patient demonstrates how to inject insulin.

A nurse is preparing to teach a patient about heart failure. Which environment is best for patient learning? A. A darkened, quiet room B. A well-lit, ventilated room C. A private room at 85 F temperature D. A group room for 10 to 12 patients with heart failure

B. A well-lit, ventilated room

A client is hospitialized with numerous acute health problems. According to Maslow's Basic needs model, which nursing diagnosis would take the highest priority: A. Risk for injury related to unsteady gait B. Altered nutrition, less than body requirements related to inability to absorb nutrients C. Self-care deficit related to weakness and debilitation D. Powerlessness related to chronic disease state

B. Altered nutrition, less than body requirements related to inability to absorb nutrients

Which nursing action is most appropriate for assessing a patient's learning needs? A. Assess the patient's total health care needs. B. Assess the patient's health literacy. C. Assess all sources of patient data. D. Assess the goals of patient care.

B. Assess the patient's health literacy. Rationale: -Because health literacy influences how you deliver teaching strategies, it is critical for you to assess a patient's health literacy before providing instruction. -The nursing process requires assessment of all sources of data to determine a patient's total health care needs. -Evaluation of the teaching process involves determining outcomes of the teaching/learning process and the achievement of learning objectives, not patient care. -Assessing the goal of meeting patient care is the evaluation component of the nursing process.

A patient with heart failure is learning to reduce salt in the diet. When would be the best time for the nurse to address this topic? A. At bedtime, when the patient is relaxed B. At lunchtime while the nurse is preparing the food tray C. At bath time, when the nurse is cleaning the patient D. At medication time, when the nurse is administering patient medication

B. At lunchtime while the nurse is preparing the food tray

Which car safety device should be used for a child who is 8 years old and is 4 feet tall? A. Seat belt B. Booster seat C. Rear facing convertible seat D. Front-facing convertible seat

B. Booster seat Rationale: All children whose weight or height is above the forward-facing limit for their car safety seat should use a belt-positioning booster seat until the vehicle seat belt fits properly, typically when they have reached 4 feet 9 inches in height and are between 8 and 12 years of age. Infants should ride in a car in a semireclined, rear-facing position in an infant-only seat or a convertible swat until they weigh at least 20 pounds and are at least 1 year of age. The transition point for switching to the forward-facing position is defined by the manufacturer of the convertible car safety seat but is generally at a body weight of 9 kg (20 pounds) and 1 year of age.

A student nurse learns that a normal adult heartbeat is 60 to 100 beats/minute. In which domain did learning take place? A. Kinesthetic B. Cognitive C. Affective D. Psychomotor

B. Cognitive Rationale: Cognitive learning includes all intellectual behaviors and requires thinking. In the hierarchy of cognitive behaviors, the simplest behavior is acquiring knowledge. The student nurse acquired knowledge, which is cognitive. Kinesthetic is a type of learner who learns best with a hands-on approach. Affective learning deals with expression of feelings and acceptance of attitudes, opinions, or values. Psychomotor learning involves acquiring skills that require integration of mental and muscular activities, such as the ability to walk or to use an eating utensil.

The nurse teaches parents how to help their children learn impulse control and cooperative behaviors. This would occur during which of the stages of development defined by Erikson? A. Trust versus mistrust B. Initiative versus guilt C. Industry versus inferiority D. Autonomy versus sense of shame and doubt

B. Initiative versus guilt Rationale: The stage of initiative versus guilt occurs from ages 3 to 6 years, during which children develop direction and purpose. Teaching impulse control and cooperative behaviors during this stage help the child to avoid risks of altered growth and development.

What type of play is typical of toddlers? A. Solitary B. Parallel C. Associative D. Competitive/Cooperative

B. Parallel Rationale: Toddlers observe other children and then engage in activities nearby

What describes a toddler's cognitive development at age 20 months? A. Searches for an object only if he or she sees it being hidden B. Realizes that "out of sight" is not out of reach C. Puts objects into a container but cannot take them out D. Understands the passage of time such as "just a minute" and "in an hour"

B. Realizes that "out of sight" is not out of reach

A recently divorced client, who is a lawyer, comes to the clinic. She has gotten custody of her two teenagers and states, "It is going to be impossible for me to raise my children the way I'd like and keep working as hard as I do." This is an example of: A. Role strain B. Role conflict C. Role ambiguity D. Gender role stereotype

B. Role conflict

The nurse asks the patient, "How do you feel about yourself?" The nurse is assessing the patient's: A. Identity. B. Self-esteem. C. Body image. D. Role performance.

B. Self-esteem.

The theory of psychosexual development was created by ______. A. Erik Erikson B. Sigmund Freud C. Lawrence Kohlberg D. Jean Piaget

B. Sigmund Freud

The nurse is assessing a six-month-old child. Which developmental skills are normal and should be expected? A. Speaks in short sentences. B. Sits alone. C. Can feed self with a spoon. D. Pulling up to a standing position.

B. Sits alone.

The parent of a 4-year-old son tells the nurse that the child believes "monsters and boogeyman" are in his bedroom at night. The nurse's best suggestion for coping with this problem is to: A. Insist that the child sleep with his parents until the fearful phase passes. B. Suggest involving the child to find a practical solution such as a night light. C. Help the child understand that these fears are illogical. D. Tell the child frequently that monsters and boogeyman do not exist.

B. Suggest involving the child to find a practical solution such as a night light Rationale: A night light shows a child that imaginary creatures do not lurk in the darkness. Letting the child sleep with parents will not get rid of the fears. A 4-year-old is in the preconceptual age and cannot understand logical thought.

A nurse is evaluating the developmental level of a two (2)-year-old. Which of the following does the nurse expect to observe in this child? A. Uses a fork to eat B. Uses a cup to drink C. Uses a knife for cutting food D. Pours own milk into a cup

B. Uses a cup to drink Rationale: By age 2 years, the child can use a cup and can use a spoon correctly but with some spilling. A. By ages 3 to 4, the child begins to use a fork. C and D. By the end of the preschool period, the child should be able to pour milk into a cup and begin to use a knife for cutting.

A mother of a 3-year-old tells a clinic nurse that the child is rebelling constantly and having temper tantrums. The nurse most appropriately tells the mother to: A) Punish the child every time the child says "no", to change the behavior B) Allow the behavior because this is normal at this age period C) Set limits on the child's behavior D) Ignore the child when this behavior occurs

C) Set limits on the child's behavior Rationale: According to Erikson, the child focuses on independence between ages 1 and 3 years. Gaining independence often means that the child has to rebel against the parents' wishes. Saying things like "no" or "mine" and having temper tantrums are common during this period of development. Being consistent and setting limits on the child's behavior are the necessary elements.

A nurse formulates teaching goals using action verbs. Which words are examples of verbs employed in learning outcomes in the psychomotor domain? (Select all that apply.) A. Accepts B. Explains C. Performs D. Assembles E. Demonstrates

C, D, and E Rationale: The psychomotor domain involves motor skills, such as performing, assembling, and demonstrating. Accepting and Explaining are considered part of the cognitive domain.

"Initiative vs. Guilt" occurs when? A. Birth - 1 year B. 1 - 3 years C. 3 - 6 years D. 6 - 12 years E. 12 - 20 years F. 20 - 35 years G. 35 - 65 years H. 65 years and beyond

C. 3 - 6 years

Which situation indicates to the nurse that the patient is ready to learn? A. A patient has sufficient upper body strength to move from a bed to a wheelchair. B. A patient has the ability to grasp and apply the elastic bandage. C. A patient with a below-the-knee amputation is motivated about how to walk with assistive devices. D. A patient has normal eyesight to identify the markings on a syringe and coordination to handle a syringe.

C. A patient with a below-the-knee amputation is motivated about how to walk with assistive devices.

A toddler is going to have surgery on the right ear. Which teaching method is most appropriate for this developmental stage? A. Encourage independent learning. B. Use discussion throughout the teaching session. C. Apply a bandage to a doll's ear. D. Develop a problem-solving scenario.

C. Apply a bandage to a doll's ear. Rationale: Use play to teach a procedure or activity (e.g., handling examination equipment, applying a bandage to a doll) to toddlers. Encouraging independent learning is for the middle-aged adult. Use of discussion is for older children, adolescents, and adults, not for toddlers. Use problem solving to help adolescents make choices. Problem solving is too advanced for a toddler.

A nurse is going to teach a patient about hypertension. Which action should the nurse implement first? A. Set mutual goals for knowledge of hypertension. B. Teach what the patient wants to know about hypertension. C. Assess what the patient already knows about hypertension. D. Evaluate the outcomes of patient education for hypertension.

C. Assess what the patient already knows about hypertension.

Which type of play is most typical of the preschool period? A. Solitary B. Parallel C. Associative D. Team

C. Associative Rationale: Associative play is group play in similar or identical activities but without rigid organization or rules. Play is not highly organized, and preschoolers do not cooperate during play. Solitary play is that of infants. Parallel play is that of toddlers. School-age children play in teams.

To be most effective, at which grade reading level should the nurse prepare written educational medical material? A. Fourth-grade B. Seventh-grade C. Fifth-grade D. Sixth-grade

C. Fifth-grade

A nurse is teaching a patient recently diagnosed with diabetes mellitus the step-by- step procedure of administering an insulin injection by using an orange. However, after two sessions of practice the patient is still reluctant to self-administer the insulin. Which should the nurse do? A. Keep reinforcing the principles that have been presented. B. Have the patient administer the injection to an orange again. C. Give the patient an opportunity to explore concerns about the injection. D. Determine if a member of the family is willing to administer the insulin.

C. Give the patient an opportunity to explore concerns about the injection. Rationale: When a teaching plan is ineffective, the nurse must gather more data and revise the teaching plan to achieve the desired goal.

The theory of the development of moral reasoning was created by ______. A. Erik Erikson B. Sigmund Freud C. Lawrence Kohlberg D. Jean Piaget

C. Lawrence Kohlberg

Which of the following is the most appropriate activity for a 5-year-old child? A. Squeeze toy. B. Board games. C. Play-Doh. D. Computer games.

C. Play-Doh. Rationale: In the preschooler, play is simple and imaginative and includes activities such as puppets, play-doh, and coloring book. Squeeze toys are appropriate for infants Board games are appropriate for the school-age child. Computer games are appropriate for an adolescent.

Robert, aged 19 years, has Down syndrome and is mildly developmentally disabled with an intelligence quotient of 82. He told his nurse, "I'm a good helper. You see I can carry these trays because I'm so strong. But I'm not very smart, so I have just learned to help with the things I know how to do." Robert most likely has which of the following? A. Negative self-concept and low self-esteem B. Negative self-concept and high self-esteem C. Positive self-concept and fairly high self-esteem D. Positive self-concept and low self-esteem

C. Positive self-concept and fairly high self-esteem Rationale: The data point to Robert having a positive self-concept ("I'm a good helper") and fairly high self-esteem (realizes his strengths and limitations). The statement "But I'm not very smart" is accurate and is not an indication of a negative self-concept.

Magical Thinking is an attribute of which age group? A. Infants (birth - 1 year) B. Toddlers (1 -3 years) C. Preschoolers (3 - 6 years) D. School-Age Children (6 - 12 years)

C. Preschoolers (3 - 6 years)

Marissa Yule, a 33-year-old businessperson, is now in counseling attempting to deal with a long-repressed history of sexual abuse by her father. "I guess I should feel satisfied with what I've achieved in life, but I'm never content, and nothing I achieve makes me feel good about myself . . . I hate my father for making me feel like I'm no good. This is an awful way to live." use the following letters to indicate the diagnosis that data suggest? A. Personal Identity Disturbance B. Body Image Disturbance C. Self-Esteem Disturbance D. Altered Role Performance

C. Self-Esteem Disturbance Rationale: Marissa's self-concept disturbance is mainly one of devaluing herself and thinking that she is no good. This is a self-esteem disturbance.

A mother of a three (3)-year-old tells a clinic nurse that the child is constantly rebelling and having temper tantrums. The nurse most appropriately tells the mother to: A. Punish the child every time the child says "no", to change the behavior B. Allow the behavior because this is normal at this age period C. Set limits on the child's behavior D. Ignore the child when this behavior occurs

C. Set limits on the child's behavior Rationale: Being consistent and setting limits on the child's behavior are the necessary elements. A and D: Saying things like "no" or "mine" and having temper tantrums are common during this period of development. B: According to Erikson, the child focuses on independence between ages 1 and 3 years. Gaining independence often means that the child has to rebel against the parents' wishes.

What happens if a developmental task is not met? A. Nothing happens. All tasks may be skipped B. It means that the person is developmentally advanced C. The further stages of the person's life may be affected D. The person will go backwards in development

C. The further stages of the person's life may be affected

Peer relationships become more important during adolescence because: A. Adolescents dislike their parents. B. Adolescents no longer need parental control. C. They provide adolescents with a feeling of belonging. D. They promote a sense of individuality in adolescents.

C. They provide adolescents with a feeling of belonging Rationale: The peer group serves as a strong support to teenagers, providing them with a sense of belonging and strength and power. During adolescence the parent/child relationship changes from one of protection-dependency to one of mutual affection and quality. Parents continue to play an important role in the personal and health-related decisions. The peer group forms the transitional world between dependence and autonomy. (Identity vs Role Confusion)

A nursing instructor is evaluating a student nurse's knowledge. Which student behaviors indicate that learning has occurred in the highest level of learning in the cognitive domain? (Select all that apply.) A. Identifies the expected properties of urine B. Explains the importance of producing urine C. Recognizes when something is contaminated D. Compares achieved outcomes with planned outcomes E. Contrasts laboratory results of urine testing against the expected range

D and E Rationale: D. When a learner compares achieved outcomes with planned outcomes, the learner is evaluating the effectiveness of the learning. This activity is evaluation, which is the highest level of the cognitive domain. It requires the nurse to compare, contrast, and differentiate information. E. This is the highest level of learning in the cognitive domain. Contrasting laboratory results of urine testing with the expected range reflects learning on the evaluation level, which is the sixth and highest level of learning in the cognitive domain.

A 16-year-old is admitted to the hospital for acute appendicitis, and an appendectomy is performed. Which of the following nursing interventions is most appropriate to facilitate normal growth and development? A) Allow the family to bring in the child's favorite computer games B) Encourage the parents to room-in with the child C) Encourage the child to rest and read D) Allow the child to participate in activities with other individuals in the same age group when the condition permits

D) Allow the child to participate in activities with other individuals in the same age group when the condition permits Rationale: Adolescents often are not sure whether they want their parents with them when they are hospitalized. Because of the importance of the peer group, separation from friends is a source of anxiety. Ideally, the members of the peer group will support their ill friend. Options a, b, and c isolate the child from the peer group.

Which would be an expected outcome for a client with the following nursing diagnoses self-care deficit related to congnitive impairment: A) The client will be able to name the staff that works on the day shift B) The client will eliminate safety hazards in her environment C) The nurse will stress the importance of adequate fluid intake D) The client with supervision will brush her teeth

D) The client with supervision will brush her teeth

Which statement indicates that the nurse has a good understanding of teaching/learning? A. "Teaching and learning can be separated." B. "Learning is an interactive process that promotes teaching." C. "Learning consists of a conscious, deliberate set of actions designed to help the teacher." D. "Teaching is most effective when it responds to the learner's needs."

D. "Teaching is most effective when it responds to the learner's needs."

"Industry vs. Inferiority" occurs when? A. Birth - 1 year B. 1 - 3 years C. 3 - 6 years D. 6 - 12 years E. 12 - 20 years F. 20 - 35 years G. 35 - 65 years H. 65 years and beyond

D. 6 - 12 years

Which of the following patients is most likely to develop problems related to self-concept? A. A 55-year-old woman television news reporter undergoing a hysterectomy (removal of uterus) B. A young clergyperson whose vocal cords are paralyzed after a motorbike accident C. A 32-year-old accountant who survives a massive heart attack D. A 23-year-old model who just learned that she has breast cancer

D. A 23-year-old model who just learned that she has breast cancer

A nurse is designing a teaching-learning program for a patient who is to be discharged from the hospital. After developing a nurse-patient relationship, which should the nurse do next? A. Identify the patient's locus of control. B. Use a variety of teaching methods appropriate for the patient. C. Formulate an achievable, measurable, and realistic patient goal. D. Assess the patient's current understanding of the content to be taught.

D. Assess the patient's current understanding of the content to be taught. Rationale: Learners bring their own lifetimes of learning to the learning situation. The nurse must customize each teaching plan, capitalize on the patient's previous experience and knowledge, and identify what the patient still needs to know before teaching can begin.

What type of play is typical of school-aged children? A. Solitary B. Parallel C. Associative D. Competitive/Cooperative

D. Competitive/Cooperative

The nurse is observing children playing in the hospital playroom. She would expect to see 4-year-old children playing: A. Competitive board games with older children B. With their own toys along side with other children C. Alone with hand held computer games D. Cooperatively with other preschoolers

D. Cooperatively with other preschoolers

A 76-year-old client who recently lost his wife is admitted for surgery. The nurse is using Erikson as a psychosocial framework for client assessment. Which of the following behaviors would alert the nurse that the client has an alteration in the integrity stage of his psychosocial development? A. Accepting his own limitations B. Verbalizing fear about the surgery C. Expressing his thoughts about his care D. Demanding excessive assistance from his daughter

D. Demanding excessive assistance from his daughter

Based on knowledge of Erikson's stages of growth and development, the nurse plans her nursing care with the knowledge that old age is primarily focused on: A. Intimacy versus Isolation. B. Autonomy versus Shame and Doubt. C. Generativity versus Self-Absorption. D. Ego Integrity versus Despair.

D. Ego Integrity versus Despair.

Which of the following terms accurately describes toddlers? A. Creative B. Invincible C. Dependent D. Egocentric

D. Egocentric Rationale: -Creativity is a trait of middle adults -Invincibility is a trait of adolescents (their feeling of invincibility leads to risky behaviors) -Dependence is a trait of infants (toddlers want to be independent) -Toddlers are unable to see things from another's perspective. They can only see things from their point of view (egocentric)

A 47-year-old woman expresses dismay to the nurse that her young adult children are unemployed. Her husband is working and near retirement. She is not working and feels bored with her life and unneeded. She is experiencing which of Erikson's stages of development? A. Integrity versus despair B. Intimacy versus isolation C. Identity versus confusion D. Generativity versus self-absorption and stagnation

D. Generativity versus self-absorption and stagnation Rationale: The stage of generativity versus self-absorption and stagnation occurs in middle age, and represents a time when individuals want to play a role in the development of the next generation. In the stage of integrity versus despair, during older adulthood, the individual either views life with despair and regret or acquires wisdom. Intimacy versus isolation is a stage seen in young adults. Identify versus confusion is the stage seen during puberty

Which of the following should not be fed to a toddler? A. Bananas B. Green beans C. Cake D. Grapes

D. Grapes Rationale: While cake is high in sugar and fat, grapes pose a choking hazard for toddlers and should be avoided for safety reasons. Bananas and green beans are appropriate for children of this age.

The theory of cognitive development was created by ______. A. Erik Erikson B. Sigmund Freud C. Lawrence Kohlberg D. Jean Piaget

D. Jean Piaget

Joe was able to list only three facts, traits, or qualities to describe himself. The nurse then asked him to list facts, traits, or qualities that he would like to be descriptive of himself or that he thinks he should have. Joe quickly listed 25, all of which were characteristic of a successful man. When asked if he knew anyone like this, he replied, "My father." This discrepancy between Joe's description of himself as he is and as he would like to be indicates which of the following? A. Negative self-concept B. Joe's modesty (lack of conceit) C. Body image disturbance D. Low self-esteem

D. Low self-esteem Rationale: Low self-esteem is characterized by great discrepancy between the ideal and real selves. There are no data in this item to suggest that Joe has either a negative selfconcept or a body image disturbance. The data do indicate something more serious than modesty.

The home care nurse is visiting an older female client whose husband died six (6) months ago. Which behavior, by the client, indicates ineffective coping? A. Visiting her husband's grave once a month B. Participating in a senior citizens program C. Looking at old snapshots of her family D. Neglecting her personal grooming

D. Neglecting her personal grooming Rationale: Coping mechanisms are behaviors used to decrease stress and anxiety. In response to a death, ineffective coping is manifested by an extreme behavior that in some instances may be harmful to the individual physically or psychologically. Option D is indicative of a behavior that identifies an ineffective coping behavior in the grieving process.

The clinic nurse is preparing to discuss the concepts of Kohlberg's theory of moral development with a parent. What motivates good and bad actions for the child at the preconventional level. A. Peer pressure B. Social pressure C. Parents' behavior D. Punishment and reward

D. Punishment and reward Rationale: In the preconventional (or premoral) stage, morals are thought to be motivated by punishment and reward. If the child is obedient and is not punished, then the child is being moral. The child sees actions as good or bad. If the child's actions are good, the child is praised. If the child's actions are bad, the child is punished. Options 1, 2, and 3 are incorrect for this stage of moral development.

The home health nurse is visiting a 90-year-old man who lives with his 89-year-old wife. He is legally blind and is 3 weeks' post right hip replacement. He ambulates with difficulty with a walker. He comments that he is saddened now that his wife has to do more for him and he is doing less for her. Which of the following is the priority nursing diagnosis? A. Self-care deficit, toileting B. Deficient knowledge regarding resources for the visually impaired C. Disturbed body image D. Risk for situational low self-esteem

D. Risk for situational low self-esteem

The client is on the orthopedic unit following back surgery. He states, "I feel like I can't do anything anymore--and I won't be able to continue my landscaping business." This is predominantly an example of a problem in which of the following components of self-concept? A. Body image B. Self-esteem C. Identity D. Role

D. Role

David and his wife decided that she will get a job so that David can go to pharmacy school, as he has wanted to do for some time. Their three teenagers, who were involved in the decision, are also getting jobs to buy their own clothes. David plans to work 12 to 16 hours weekly. He states, "I was always an A student, but I may have to settle for Bs now because I don't want to neglect my family, and I need to work a few hours so that my wife won't have to work overtime." This is an example of: A. Role ambiguity B. Role strain C. Role conflict D. Role overload

D. Role overload

Which of the following questions would provide the healthcare worker with the information needed first when assessing self concept? A. How would you describe yourself to others? B. Do you like yourself? C. What do you see yourself doing in 5yrs from now? D. What are some of your personal strengths?

D. What are some of your personal strengths?

"Identity vs. Role Confusion" occurs when? A. Birth - 1 year B. 1 - 3 years C. 3 - 6 years D. 6 - 12 years E. 12 - 20 years F. 20 - 35 years G. 35 - 65 years H. 65 years and beyond

E. 12 - 20 years

"Intimacy vs. Isolation" occurs when? A. Birth - 1 year B. 1 - 3 years C. 3 - 6 years D. 6 - 12 years E. 12 - 20 years F. 20 - 35 years G. 35 - 65 years H. 65 years and beyond

F. 20 - 35 years

"Generativity vs. Self Absorption and Stagnation" occurs when? A. Birth - 1 year B. 1 - 3 years C. 3 - 6 years D. 6 - 12 years E. 12 - 20 years F. 20 - 35 years G. 35 - 65 years H. 65 years and beyond

G. 35 - 65 years

"Integrity vs. Despair" occurs when? A. Birth - 1 year B. 1 - 3 years C. 3 - 6 years D. 6 - 12 years E. 12 - 20 years F. 20 - 35 years G. 35 - 65 years H. 65 years and beyond

H. 65 years and beyond