Health review: Post Test ch 1-9

Marisa has begun taking St. John's wort for treatment of mild depression. Which statement by Marisa suggests that she understands the correct use of this product?

"St. John's wort may interfere with my oral contraceptive medication."

The estimated average weight gain for first-year college students in the United States is approximately _____ pounds.

11

The average adult needs to consume approximately _____ calories each day.

2,000

Which value represents a healthy BMI?

22

Life expectancy for women in the United States averages _____ years, whereas life expectancy for men is _____ years.

81.5; 76.7

_____ is a clinically significant behavioral or psychological syndrome or pattern associated with present distress or disability.

A mental disorder

In the United States, which cultural group has the lowest rate of obesity?

Asian Americans

Which mineral is most abundant in the body?

Calcium

_____ is the leading cause of death for women in the United States.

Cardiovascular disease

When faced with behavioral choices that challenge your personal values, which step is most appropriate to take first?

Consider the consequences of each choice

_____ is one of the most useful techniques for achieving your goals and boosting self-esteem.

Developing the habit of positive thinking and talking

Eduardo is leading a classroom discussion about the relationship between obesity and type 2 diabetes. Which information should Eduardo include in the discussion?

Excess weight increases the risk of premature death among people with type 2 diabetes.

Establishing smoke-free zones and enforcing alcohol policies on college campuses illustrate a new emphasis on _____.

Health promotion

A(n) _____ approach integrates all aspects of health and views health and the individual as a whole rather than piece-by-piece.

Holistic

_____, which may affect approximately 10 percent of Americans, is/are a common source of stress for college students.

Learning disabilities

Which organism has been associated with food poisoning outbreaks involving deli meats, hot dogs, soft cheeses, raw meat, and unpasteurized milk?

Listeria

Which eating pattern calls for plenty of vegetables, fruits and nuts, olive oil, and whole grains, along with minimal consumption of meat and full-fat milk products?

Mediterranean diet

Which group of American women has the highest rates of breast cancer?

Native Hawaiians

Which dimension of health involves placing the needs of others above your own?

Spiritual

Which characteristic best describes today's undergraduates?

They are more coddled and protected by their parents.

The American Heart Association recommends _____ servings of seafood a week.

Two

Which vitamin is manufactured in the skin after exposure to sunlight?

Vitamin D3

What is medical experts' beverage of choice?

Water

According to researchers, the key components of a successful weight loss diet include _____.

a daily caloric intake of 500 calories less than usual

Health experts propose that people must ascribe to three beliefs if they hope to change their health behavior. One of these, "susceptibility, " means that people _____.

acknowledge they are at risk for the negative consequences of their behavior

After dining at a restaurant, Michael feels anxious when trying to calculate an appropriate tip. Which type of stressor is Michael experiencing?

acute time-limited stressor

Which condition is directly associated with a fear of situations from which one perceives it would be difficult or embarrassing to escape?

agoraphobia

Health risks associated with severe restriction of carbohydrate intake include ketosis, caused by _____.

an incomplete breakdown of fats

Which type of drug is most commonly used to treat people with schizophrenia?

antipsychotics

According to the American College Health Association (ACHA) National College Health Assessment, nearly one in four students said that _____ had impaired their ability to learn.

anxiety

Compared with students at technical schools and community colleges, students at four-year colleges _____.

are more likely to binge drink

Eric continually cuts in line in the employee cafeteria, which sometimes costs his coworker, Cal, the dessert he wants. As an effective assertive tactic, Cal could _____.

ask Eric to be respectful of the other people in line

Arielle is planning to use biofeedback for stress reduction. Which activity is Arielle most likely to include when practicing this technique?

attaching an electronic monitoring device to her body

Your _____ is the number of calories needed to sustain your body at rest.

basal metabolic rate

Typically, symptoms of autism spectrum disorder begin _____.

before age 2

Approximately 8 to 19 percent of obese patients in weight loss programs suffer from _____, probably the most common eating disorder.

binge eating

Which measure of body composition is based on the ratio of weight to height?

body mass index (BMI)

One reason that compulsive overeaters have a hard time recovering is that they _____.

cannot give up entirely the object of their addiction (food)

A moderate physical activity option is _____.

canoeing

By encouraging Alex to recognize that what he believes is clearly inaccurate and how he thinks is too negative, Alex's therapist is engaging in _____.

cognitive behavioral therapy

Generally, a licensed clinical social worker has _____.

completed a two-year graduate program

As the body prepares to deal with a threat, the adrenal glands release the stress hormone _____.

cortisol

Traumatic experiences such as being abused as a child or being in combat that occurred long ago but continue to have an emotional and psychological impact are examples of _____.

distant stressors

For a person who is underweight, which strategy is most appropriate for promoting healthy weight gain?

eating dried fruits rather than fresh ones

The main sources of cholesterol include chicken, beef, and _____.

eggs

Which factor has the strongest association with weight gain?

energy imbalance

Alcoholics Anonymous encourages behavioral changes by teaching people how to submit to strict discipline to correct a problem. Which model is represented by this approach to change?

enlightenment model

Theresa is tired of her sweet tooth. One Saturday afternoon, she gathers all the candy bars that she had stashed around the house and donates the candy to a local scout troop. Which process of change is she demonstrating?

environmental control

Picking at one's skin is a characteristic of which disorder?

excoriation

Emotional health generally refers to _____.

feelings and moods

Forms of NEAT (nonexercise activity thermogenesis) include _____.

fidgeting

Which B vitamin lowers the risk of neural tube defects in newborns?

folate

Obese American adults die an average of almost _____ years earlier than those with normal weight.

four

As individuals age, the _____, which governs reason and forethought, plays a greater role in dealing with daily stressors and helps put challenges into perspective.

frontal cortex

_____ fitness refers to the performance of activities of daily living.

functional

Inside your brain, _____ separate the brain from the bloodstream, assist in the growth of neurons, accelerate transmission of nerve impulses, and engulf and digest damaged neurons.

glia

The ranking of carbohydrates, gram for gram, based on their immediate effect on blood glucose (sugar) levels is referred to as the _____.

glycemic index

Paul has started keeping a diary and begins each day by recording something for which he is thankful. Which term best describes Paul's technique for cultivating spiritual health?

gratitude interventions

Health outcomes for men and women differ in many ways, one of which is that men _____.

have higher rates of cancer

Stephanie is trying to reduce her sodium intake. To help limit her sodium consumption, which food item is most appropriate for Stephanie to include in her diet?

herbs

Hans Selye postulated that our bodies continually strive to maintain a stable and consistent physiological state, called _____.

homeostasis

The two key components of an aerobic workout are _____.

intensity and duration

In a(n) _____, the muscle applies force while maintaining an equal length.

isometric muscle contraction

Emotional intelligence, or the capacity of people to understand themselves and relate well with others, appears to be _____.

linked to increased work productivity

Which stress management technique is David employing when he seeks to be attuned to even the slightest physical sensation or the nearest sound?

mindfulness

Metabolic fitness refers to the _____.

optimal functioning of bodily systems, which reduces risk for diabetes and cardiovascular disease

An estimated 9 percent of all college students suffer from _____, characterized by the repeated reliving of a trauma through nightmares or recollection.

posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)

Which condition is associated with episodic symptoms including marked mood swings, tearfulness, sadness, or sensitivity to rejection?

premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PDD)

When Michael searches online for the nearest fitness center to see what exercises are offered, which stage of the transtheoretical model of behavior change has he reached?

preparation

The practice of _____ emphasizes intentionally increasing and then decreasing muscular tension.

progressive relaxation

Roxanne rarely goes to church, seldom prays, and has no interest in religion. Which activity is most appropriate to recommend to Roxanne if she is interested in enriching her spiritual life?

reading the inspirational writings of people of deep faith

Strategies proven beneficial to students with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) include _____.

recording lectures

John's coworkers surprise him with a gift basket of fruit in recognition of his efforts to lose weight. Their gift may influence John's behavior by serving as a(n) _____ factor.

reinforcing

Types of obesity, or bariatric, surgery include gastric bypass, which _____.

reroutes food around part of the upper intestine

"Use it or lose it" directly relates to the _____ principle.

reversibility

You stop exercising and lose some of your fitness improvements. This can be explained by the _____ principle.

reversibility

According to the self-determination theory, an "amotivated" individual _____.

sees no value in a certain activity

Which need represents the highest level in the Maslow pyramid of psychological health?

self-actualization

Marie got a D on her first college writing assignment. She was understandably upset but then told herself that it's not uncommon for students to struggle to adapt to college-level work, and she might need to go to the writing center and ask for help. A psychologist would most likely say that Marie has experienced _____.

self-compassion

As the drug of choice for treating depression, _____ are also effective in treating OCD, social phobia, and generalized anxiety disorder.

serotonin-boosting medications (SSRIs)

Scientific journal articles about nutrition _____.

should be reviewed by health professionals

With respect to gender differences in the sleeping patterns on college campuses, male students generally _____.

sleep better at the beginning of the academic year

The ability to identify your purpose in life and to attain your full potential is best described as _____.

spiritual health

The most profound state of unconsciousness occurs during which stage(s) of sleep?

stages 3 and 4

Janet suffers from bouts of insomnia. If she doesn't fall asleep quickly, she gets up and reads until she feels very tired. Which phrase best describes Janet's strategy for promoting sleep?

stimulus control therapy

Increased psychological demands and low control or decision-making ability over one's job are components of high job _____.

strain

According to Hans Selye, _____ refers to the nonspecific response of the body to any demands made upon it.

stress

Though his home was badly damaged by a tornado, Luke remains optimistic and comments that years of dealing with the destruction caused by severe Midwestern storms has left him well-prepared to cope with the storms, their destruction, and the recovery process. Luke's history with the storms has resulted in _____.

stress inoculation

Jenna, a college sophomore, wants to master effective time-management techniques for studying. According to experts, which technique would be most effective?

studying for 50 minutes, then breaking for 10 minutes

Although exercise confers many benefits, rigorous exercise can pose risks, such as a somewhat increased risk of _____.

sudden cardiac death for men

To add fiber to your diet, eat high-fiber snacks, such as prunes, popcorn, or _____.

sunflower seeds

An effective, but underused, treatment for mild to moderate depression is _____.

to exercise

As an example of the gender differences in mood management, women are more likely to _____.

to talk to someone

Major depression is most common among individuals who are _____.

unemployed

Which type of minority stress arises from perceptions of the campus environment as unwelcoming to members of the student's group?

university social climate stress

Among college women, common factors that lead to the development of disordered eating include _____.

unrealistic body images

The main components of a cardiovascular training program include _____.

warm-up, aerobic phase, and cool-down

Strategies to help protect yourself against food poisoning include _____.

washing fruits and vegetables under running water

Which group of Americans is generally at the highest risk for committing suicide?

white

Self-esteem is based on _____.

your beliefs about yourself