Healthy Lifestyles Chapter 3

Which of the following is a useful strategy to prevent explosive anger?

Develop realistic expectations of yourself and others.

Which of the following is a key time management strategy that can reduce stress?

Set clear implementation intentions toward a specific end.

Which of the following is TRUE about stress?

Stress is a mental and physical response to real or perceived changes and challenges.

Which of the following statements regarding stress and hair loss is NOT true?

Stress-induced hair loss occurs when colonies of hair are pushed into an active phase.

Which of the following situations might contribute to impaired immune function?

Your grandmother moves in with your family after being hospitalized due to a stroke.

The body's attempt to restore homeostasis in the aftermath of a stress response is a(n) ________ response.

adaptive

Catrina just missed hitting a deer as she was driving along a dark, curving road. She felt her racing heart finally slow down after she pulled off the road and took a few deep breaths. This is an example of a(n)

adaptive response.

Cortisol is secreted by the

adrenal glands.

Hearing a piercing scream late at night while walking on a campus path would likely trigger which phase of the general adaptation syndrome?

alarm

Julia is extremely upset to discover a suggestive e-mail her boyfriend has sent to another woman. Which stage of the general adaptation syndrome applies to this situation?

alarm

Eating healthy foods helps in managing stress,

although the precise reasons are not fully understood.

Stress has been associated with increased blood pressure and inflammatory responses. These are most closely associated with an increased risk for

cardiovascular disease.

An ongoing state of physiological arousal in response to stressors is known as

chronic stress.

As part of the stress response, the hormone that makes stored nutrients available for energy is

cortisol.

The primary hormone responsible for physiological stress responses such as increased heart and breathing rates is

epinephrine.

After weeks of arguments, Riley and Schaeffer break up. They both spend most of the following weekend sleeping, eating, and watching TV. Which stage of the general adaptation syndrome are they now in?

exhaustion

Stress management consists of

finding balance and developing coping strategies.

To replenish vital energy stores, which of the following would be particularly helpful?

getting more sleep and "down time"

Jake is an excellent student and seems pretty resilient. He is passionate about becoming a pediatrician someday, and perseveres despite a high stress level due to his heavy course load and tight finances. Which of the following traits does Jake demonstrate?

grit

A collective term for several positive states in which individuals actively embrace the world around them is

happiness.

Your roommate just ate the last of your trail mix without asking. Which type of stressor is this?

hassle

Chronic stress has a strong connection to all of the following medical conditions EXCEPT

hearing loss

Brian is considered a Type A personality by his friends because of his history of "road rage" and extreme competitiveness. All the following put him at increased risk for cardiovascular disease EXCEPT

his upbeat, glass-half-full approach to life.

The part of the brain involved in controlling the body's overall reaction to stress is the

hypothalamus.

Chronic stress may cause structural degeneration and impaired function of the brain, increasing the risk for all of the following EXCEPT

meningitis

You really want to buy an expensive software program to help you with coursework, but your credit cards are maxed out and the rent is due next week. Which type of stressor is this?

money

Of the following choices, the source of stress experienced by the greatest percentage of American adults is

money.

Mariah is behind on her coursework because of training for the upcoming tryouts for the swim team. On top of that, she broke up with her boyfriend last week. Monica, her twin sister, does not participate on a sports team and has plenty of time to get her homework done before her boyfriend visits most evenings. Compared to Monica, Mariah is likely to experience

more upper respiratory illness.

One reason the validity of the Type A personality theory has been debated is that

not all Type A people experience negative health consequences.

Stress caused by not being able to accomplish all tasks and obligations in the time available is known as

overload.

The gland that secretes ACTH is the

pituitary.

Luci has worked as a customer service representative for two years. She believes that this job has improved her ability to cope with a variety of stressful situations and is confident in her ability to do so. Luci is exhibiting which of the following personality traits?

self-efficacy

The strategy of reframing appraisals of stressors more positively and working toward future goals is known as

shift and persist.

Which of the following BEST describes a Type C personality?

stoic

Marie's parents have given her money for a down payment on a new car; they are providing her with

tangible support.

A sense of being overwhelmed by perceived obligations to stay connected online is

technostress.

David woke up in the middle of the night because he smelled smoke. This most likely caused him to experience

the flight-or-fight response

Emily is experiencing an allostatic load due to a dysfunctional relationship, credit card debt, and a challenging course load. Which of the following defines the term allostatic load?

the long-term wear and tear on the body caused by the stress response

Jade's heart races and she cannot think of anything to say when the cute guy in class sits next to her. This is an example of

the stress response.

Jeff knows the midterm chemistry exam is going to be tough. He is trying to prepare for it by taking a practice test every night before he goes out with his buddies. Jeff is

using the technique of stress inoculation

Nathan's piano teacher is insisting that he practice more, while at the same time he is overloaded with assignments in his academic classes, worried about how he's going to make the final payments on this semester's tuition bill, and having trouble sleeping. Nathan is at high risk for

burnout

Which of the following statements about the graduating class of 2016 is true?

More than 70 percent of these students graduated with significant debt.

Which of the following is most likely to cause eustress instead of distress?

an impending promotion

Relationships can cause stress in all the following ways EXCEPT

aspiring to be the best one can be.

Tessa is dreading her chemistry final. When she finds herself thinking that she's going to fail the exam, she tells herself, "No, I might not ace it, but I've been studying and I'm definitely going to pass." Tessa is engaging in a process referred to as

cognitive restructuring.

The sum of exposure to stressors, including complex traumas, is known as

cumulative adversity.

Peter recently ended a relationship when he found out his partner was cheating on him. This probably caused

distress.

You have been a successful doctor of internal medicine for many years. You recently gave up your large practice in the city to join the staff of a small-town clinic where you will work four days a week. Which method are you using to manage stress?

downshifting

Suicidal ideation is significantly associated with

high stress and low self-esteem.

Which of the following is NOT an indicator that a person's sympathetic nervous system has been activated?

increased salivation

Exercise reduces stress primarily by

increasing endorphins and reducing levels of stress hormones

Which of the following has been recommended as a method for managing stress?

keeping a journal to track your stressors, worries, and options

Makoto has a disability affecting his movement. Throughout high school, he has been rejected, teased, and bullied. Makoto has been experiencing

minority stress.

The stress hormone cortisol plays a major role during the stress response in

mobilizing nutrients to meet energy needs

All of the following are techniques used in the Chinese art of feng shui EXCEPT

using sheer curtains that let in as much light as possible.

Which of the following forms of stress management also improves strength and flexibility?

yoga

Among the following, the group most likely to struggle with stress are

young adult females.

All of the following are likely to influence your response to stressors EXCEPT

your friend's level of stress.

When acute stress bombards your brain with stress chemicals,

your memory may be impaired.

Which of the following forms of stress management originated as a form of self-defense?

tai chi

Downshifting refers to the process of

taking steps to simplify one's life.

Meditation has been proven effective in managing stress. Which of the following is NOT true about meditation?

There is only one meditation style that is considered effective.

Rudy lives behind a train depot. The train runs from 5AM until midnight, and causes significant noise and pollution. Rudy gets quite a few upper respiratory infections, which are likely due to

background distressors.

To manage stress, the first step is to

identify and assess the stressors in your life.

The immune system's ability to respond to assaults is known as

immunocompetence.

Research has shown that laughter results in all of the following EXCEPT

increased risk of heart disease.

The feeling that you are overextended and that it's not possible for you to meet all the demands being placed up on you is known as

overload.

Eleanor comes from a low-income family and struggles to pay for her tuition, room, board, and school supplies. The other students in her major all seem to have no trouble purchasing everything they need, as well as new clothes, meals off campus, concert tickets, and the latest technology. Lately, Eleanor has been struggling with feelings of inferiority, low self-esteem, and doubt that may be due in part to

relative deprivation.

After Julia discovers a suggestive e-mail her boyfriend sent to another woman, she considers how to confront him about it. Which stage of the general adaptation syndrome applies to this situation?

resistance

Melanie grew up in extreme poverty, but won a full scholarship to a top liberal arts college. There, her sociology professor, who also comes from a poor family, has been helping Melanie to take a proactive approach to her current stressors and to focus on the future. These strategies are best classified as

shifting and persisting.