Helping Skills

Anger, sadness, fear, shame, pain, pain, and hurt seem to be the most important emotions involved in therapeutic change. - True. - False.

True

Samantha is talking about how much she likes her mother-in-law, but she seems to always have an excuse for why she cannot see her or speak with her on the telephone. Her helper says, "You say that you really like your mother-in-law, yet you do not make time for her in your schedule." The skill the helper used in this response is: a. A challenge. b. A reflection c. An immediacy intervention. d. An interpretation. e. A restatement.

a. A challenge

The most frequently used skills in the insight stage are: a. Exploration skills. b. Insight skills. c. Action skills. d. Negotiation skills. e. Self-awareness skills.

a. exploration skills

Helpers might need to interrupt when a. Helpers are bored. b. Clients are rambling. c. Helpers should never interrupt. d. Clients are defensive. e. Helpers have thought about what they want to say next.

b. Clients are rambling

All of the following are important counselor qualities EXCEPT: a. Patience b. Perfectionism c. Good psychological health d. Ability to tolerate ambiguity e. Honest

b. Perfectionism

Bruce seems hesitant to move toward action. His helper, Daniela, tries to use information and direct guidance to motivate Bruce. What might be happening in this scenario? a. Bruce may not be ready to change. b. Daniela may be too invested in Bruce's change. c. More exploration may be needed. d. All of the reasons listed may apply.

d. All of the reasons listed may apply

Liza believes that her adolescent client would not talk to her if she knew Liza was speaking to the client's parents. Therefore, Liza promises the client confidentiality and then secretly arranges to call the client's parents while the client is at school. Which ethical principle is Liza violating. a. Autonomy b. Beneficence c. Nonmaleficence d. Justice e. Fidelity

e. fidelity

Researchers have found that verbal behaviors play a more important role in the communication of emotions than do nonverbal behaviors. - True - False

False

It is best to encourage clients to come to their own insights, if possible. - True - False

True

At the end of the insight stage, clients should be able to: (check all that apply) a. Identify patterns and make connections. b. Have a deeper understanding of their inner dynamics. c. See things similarly to the therapist. d. Identify and experience their feelings. e. Change their thoughts or behaviors.

a. Identify patterns and make connections. b. Have a deeper understanding of their inner dynamics.

Necessary characteristics of helpers are that they (select all that apply): a. Listen carefully b. always say the right thing. c. are tolerant of ambiguity

a. listen carefully c. are tolerant of ambiguity

Feedback in the action stage is different from immediacy because: a. Feedback focuses on the interaction between the client and helper, whereas immediacy focuses on the client only. b. Feedback focuses on the client, whereas immediacy focuses on the interaction between the client and helper. c. Feedback focuses on the helper, whereas immediacy focuses on the client. d. Feedback is supportive, whereas immediacy is challenging.

b. Feedback focuses on the client, whereas immediacy focuses on the interaction between the client and helper.

The phenomenon when helpers' reactions and/or perceptions about clients are distorted by their own experiences is called a. Ego dystonic maintenance. b. Transference. c. Countertransference. d. Proactive projection. e Unethical behavior.

c. Countertransference.

The text discusses how Prochaska et al. (2005) identified five stages that are characterized as important in determining client readiness for change. Which of the following is NOT a stage in Prochaska's theory? a. Maintenance b. Action c. Contemplation d. Integration e. Preparation

d. Integration

When clients have some understanding, it is usually easier for them to change. - True - False

True

Select the best interpretation from the following responses: a. "I wonder if you are attracted to this woman primarily because she is so different from your wife." b. "On the one hand, you say you love your wife, but on the other hand, you are thinking about doing something that will hurt her." c. "You should think twice about this because you have regretted other impulsive decisions in the past." d. "You need to take responsibility for your behavior."

a. "I wonder if you are attracted to this woman primarily because she is so different from your wife."

Select the best intervention that provides FEEDBACK to the client in the action stage. a. "You did a really good job of expressing yourself to your mother last week." b."You really should admit to yourself that you are an alcoholic." c. "From what you are telling me, your wife seems hopeful that you are making progress in your recovery." d. "During the next week, look up several resources for alcoholics in this area." e. "Tell me again what it feels like to label yourself an alcoholic."

a. "You did a really good job of expressing yourself to your mother last week."

Select the best reflection of feelings from the following responses. a. "You feel angry toward your professor for giving your class a difficult test." b. "You had a really difficult test today." c. "I empathize with your feelings about the test you took today." d. "Your negative feelings toward your professor may stem from unresolved feelings toward your father." e. "Seems like if you had studied more, you wouldn't be feeling so angry."

a. "You feel angry toward your professor for giving your class a difficult test."

A reflection of feelings can involve (check all that apply) a. A repeating or rephrasing of the client's feelings. b. A repeating or rephrasing of the feelings of someone the client had a fight with. c. A repeating or rephrasing of the reason for the client's feelings. d. A tentative statement of the client's feelings. e. A direct statement of the client's feelings.

a. A repeating or rephrasing of the client's feelings. c. A repeating or rephrasing of the reason for the client's feelings. d. A tentative statement of the client's feelings. e. A direct statement of the client's feelings.

The role of the helper in the action stage, as discussed in the Hill text, is to: a. Assist clients in thinking about action. b. Present an action plan to the client. c. Deal with the therapeutic relationship. d. Give clients advice.

a. Assist clients in thinking about action.

During the exploration stage, a helper does all the following EXCEPT: a. Assist the client in determining his or her role in the issue. a. Establish rapport with the client. b. Help the client to explore his or her feelings. c. Begin to develop the therapeutic relationship. e. Provide a safe place for the client to tell her or his story.

a. Assist the client in determining his or her role in the issue.

Helpers typically assess previous change attempts to: (check all that apply) a. Avoid encouraging actions that clients have already tried. b. Avoid encouraging actions that have not worked in the past. c. Indicate respect for the client's change efforts. d. Let the client know the helper is aware that the client has been trying to solve problems. e. Prove how helpful the helper will be.

a. Avoid encouraging actions that clients have already tried. b. Avoid encouraging actions that have not worked in the past. c. Indicate respect for the client's change efforts. d. Let the client know the helper is aware that the client has been trying to solve problems.

Approval-reassurance: (check all that apply) a. Can provide emotional support and reassurance. b. Can indicate that helpers empathize with and understand the client. c. Can minimize the client's feelings, if used too frequently. d. Can alleviate helper anxiety about not knowing what to say. e. Can be used when helpers want to express moral judgment.

a. Can provide emotional support and reassurance. b. Can indicate that helpers empathize with and understand the client. c. Can minimize the client's feelings, if used too frequently.

Silence can be used to convey: (check all that apply) a. Challenge clients to take responsibility. b. Empathy, warmth, & respect. c. Time for clients to say what they want without interruption. d. Judgment of clients' thoughts and feelings. e. Boredom.

a. Challenge clients to take responsibility. b. Empathy, warmth, & respect. c. Time for clients to say what they want without interruption.

Challenges can involve (check all that apply): a. Discrepancies. b. Contradictions. c. Irrational ideas. d. Humor. e. Making connections.

a. Discrepancies. b. Contradictions. c. Irrational ideas. d. Humor.

Which of the following are reasons to focus on feelings in helping? (check all that apply) a. Emotions are a key part of our experience. b. Feelings are as important as thoughts in communication. c. Experiencing feeling allows clients to evaluate events. d. Clients' feelings are similar to helpers' feelings. e. When clients express feelings, helpers can understand them more.

a. Emotions are a key part of our experience. b. Feelings are as important as thoughts in communication. c. Experiencing feeling allows clients to evaluate events. e. When clients express feelings, helpers can understand them more.

Markers that a client is ready for an insight skill include: (check all that apply) a. Expressions of ambivalence. b. Contradictions. c. Passive-aggressiveness. d. Client experiencing feelings. d.Statement of a lack of understanding.

a. Expressions of ambivalence. b. Contradictions. e. statement of a lack of understanding

For clients to incorporate insight interventions: (check all that apply) a. Helpers may have to repeat them many times. b. Clients need to work collaboratively with helpers to construct understanding. c. The helper must give interpretations. d. The helper should insist that they are correct. e. Helpers should follow up in subsequent sessions.

a. Helpers may have to repeat them many times. b. Clients need to work collaboratively with helpers to construct understanding. e. Helpers should follow up in subsequent sessions.

Which of the following is (are) true regarding empathy? (Select all that apply.) a. It involves understanding clients and their perspectives from both an affective and a cognitive level. b. It is not necessarily a skill, but more a way of being with the client. c. It is similar to sympathy for the client. e. It means having the same feelings as the client.

a. It involves understanding clients and their perspectives from both an affective and a cognitive level. b. It is not necessarily a skill, but more a way of being with the client.

The skills typically involved in helping clients explore feelings are: a. Reflection of feelings, disclosure of feelings, open question about feelings. b. Restatement, reflection of feeling, open question about feeling. c. Summary, approval-reassurance, reflection of feelings. d. Reflection of feelings, closed questions, approvalreassurance. e. Accurate empathy, non-possessive warmth, genuineness.

a. Reflection of feelings, disclosure of feelings, open question about feelings.

In regard to nonverbal communication and behavior during a helping session, helpers: (check all that apply) a. Should try to understand the cultural meanings of nonverbal behaviors. b. Should expect clients to adapt to the helper's nonverbal style. c. Should not ask clients for feedback about what feels comfortable for them. d. Should always use an open stance. e. Use an appropriate amount of head nods and eye contact.

a. Should try to understand the cultural meanings of nonverbal behaviors. d. Should always use an open stance. e. Use an appropriate amount of head nods and eye contact.

Feelings that are not expressed (check all that apply) a. Tend to leak out in other ways. b. Are better left alone. c. Should be avoided. d. Are generally unexpressed because of shame and fear of disapproval.

a. Tend to leak out in other ways. d. Are generally unexpressed because of shame and fear of disapproval.

Which of the following is (are) a reason(s) for using challenges? (Check all that apply.) a. They can help clients become aware of ambivalent feelings. b. They can help clients take responsibility for their actions. c. They ca help nudge clients out of denial. d. They can help clients become aware of their defenses. e. They can help therapists get better at using challenges.

a. They can help clients become aware of ambivalent feelings. b. They can help clients take responsibility for their actions. c. They ca help nudge clients out of denial. d. They can help clients become aware of their defenses.

Disclosures of feelings can be particularly good because a. They can help normalize clients' feelings. b. They put the burden of exploration on the helper. c. They are easier to do. d. There is empirical proof they are effective. e. They give the helper a chance to talk about him/herself.

a. They can help normalize clients' feelings.

Helpful hints for using immediacy include: (check all that apply) a. Using "I" statements. b. Maintaining direct eye contact with the client and smiling after finishing the intervention. c. Providing helpful hints for how the client might change. d. Using appropriate gestures to illustrate one's points. e. Consider cultural differences.

a. Using "I" statements. e. Consider cultural differences.

Sources of data for developing interpretations include: (check all that apply) a. Verbal content of client speech. b. Past client experiences. c. Defenses. d. Existential issues and culture. e. Helper's feelings toward the client.

a. Verbal content of client speech. b. Past client experiences. c. Defenses. d. Existential issues and culture.

Cultural awareness includes (select all that apply): a. awareness of own culture/diverse identities and worldview b. Awareness of biases c. Empathy for people with diverse/different identities d. Being an expert in all cultures e. Ability to think about the role of diversity, difference and culture in counseling

a. awareness of own culture/diverse identities and worldview b. Awareness of biases c. Empathy for people with diverse/different identities e. Ability to think about the role of diversity, difference and culture in counseling

According to the lecture, it is important that counselors recognize the ______ inherent in the counselor role. a. Power b. Empathy c. Warmth d. Sensitivity e. Control

a. power

The helper wants to ask an open question about thoughts in the exploration stage using a statement format. Select the best intervention from the following responses. a. "Tell me why you think you are all alone when you have so many people who love you." b. "Tell me more about your thoughts about being all alone." c. "Everyone thinks they are all alone sometimes. What can you do to change your thinking?" d. "Let's think about all the positive things that are happening in your life right now." e. "Maybe you feel all alone because you were an only child. What do you think?"

b. "Tell me more about your thoughts about being all alone."

Identify the correct listing of the six basic ethical principles discussed in the Hill text. a. Individuality, autonomy, beneficence, nonmaleficence, justice, and fidelity. b. Autonomy, beneficence, nonmaleficence, justice, fidelity, and veracity. c. Generativity, justice, individuality, liberty, veracity, and beneficence. d. Justice, veracity, fidelity, consensuality, autonomy, and practicality. e. Liberty, justice, valence, autonomy, individuality, and generativity.

b. Autonomy, beneficence, nonmaleficence, justice, fidelity, and veracity.

Which of the following skills is NOT typically used for fostering awareness? a. Challenge. b. Direct guidance. c. Humor. d. Cognitive restructuring. e. Two-chair technique.

b. Direct guidance.

Therapeutic reasons for using disclosures of insight include: (check all that apply) a. Helpers admitting they are projecting. b. Disclosures are sometimes less threatening than interpretations. c. Disclosures can alter the power balance. d. Helpers using disclosures to solve their own problems. e. Disclosures of insight are a good way for the client to get to know the therapist.

b. Disclosures are sometimes less threatening than interpretations. c. Disclosures can alter the power balance.

Research shows that the best homework to give a client: (check all that apply) a. Is based on the client's resistance. b. Is easy to implement c. Is slightly challenging to implement. d. Is developed collaboratively with the client.

b. Is easy to implement d. Is developed collaboratively with the client.

Attending a. Is most important early in a session and in treatment. b. Is how helpers orient themselves physically to their clients. c. Is biologically determined at an early age. d. Refers to capturing and understanding the client's messages. e. Is paying attention to what is going on overtly with clients in terms of nonverbal behaviors and mannerisms.

b. Is how helpers orient themselves physically to their clients.

Dr. Arbona tells his client, Minnie, that he cannot tell her what actions to take. Encouraging Minnie to determine her own actions is important because: a. Once the goal is made, Dr. Arbona will direct Minnie to act on it. b. Minnie becomes responsible for meeting her goals and achieving the desired outcomes. c. Although Dr. Arbona knows what goal is best for Minnie, he does not want to impose his beliefs on her. d. Dr. Arbona does not want to be held responsible if the outcome is bad.

b. Minnie becomes responsible for meeting her goals and achieving the desired outcomes.

Which of the following is NOT a difficulty that beginning helpers tend to have in the exploration stage? a. Inadequate attending and listening. b. Not using enough interpretations. c. Talking too much. d. Not allowing silence. e. Giving too much advice.

b. Not using enough interpretations.

The rationale for helping clients explore thoughts is a. The three stage model is a behavioral model. b. So that clients can hear what they are thinking. c. Thoughts are more important than feelings. d. Clients need to ruminate about their stories. e. Thoughts are interesting.

b. So that clients can hear what they are thinking

A "dual relationship" occurs when a. There is a competitive nature in the therapeutic relationship. b. Someone in power interacts in two different roles with an individual who is less powerful and the potential for harm exists. c. There is similarity between how the client perceives the helper and how the helper perceives the client. d. The helper reminds the client of another important person in her or his life.

b. Someone in power interacts in two different roles with an individual who is less powerful and the potential for harm exists.

The main difference between sympathy and empathy is that a. The helper has sympathy and the client has empathy in the helping relationship. b. Sympathy involves the helper feeling pity for the client, whereas empathy involves the helper trying to feel what the client is experiencing. c. Empathy can only be achieved if the helper has had a similar experience, whereas this is not necessary to express sympathy. d. Clients seem to prefer sympathy over empathy because they know the helper cannot truly feel what they feel. e. Sympathy and empathy are synonyms; they mean the same thing.

b. Sympathy involves the helper feeling pity for the client, whereas empathy involves the helper trying to feel what the client is experiencing.

The insight stage of the Hill model is designed to help clients a. Experience their feelings. b. Understand the origins of their feelings and behaviors. c. Share their thoughts and feelings with another. d. Communicate their perspective without judgment.

b. Understand the origins of their feelings and behaviors.

Which of the following is NOT a defense mechanism? a. Projection. b. Overinvolvement. c. Intellectualization. d. Undoing. e. Reaction formation.

b. overinvolvement

In the ABCDE strategy for ethical decision making, what happens in the "B" step? a. The helper identifies specific breaches of confidentiality in the case b. the helper considers what will benefit the client, the relationship and important people in the client's life. c. The helper considers the benefits of consulting with another clinician on the case d. The benefits and risks are discussed directly with the client

b. the helper considers what will benefit the client, the relationship and important people in the client's life.

Select the best challenge from the following responses: a. "You should leave your boyfriend because he is mean to you." b. "I know you're going to be able to change because you've been working really hard." c. "Maybe you are so critical of others because you feel so insecure." c. "I'm hearing you say that you aren't mad at him, but your voice sounds angry." d. "You are feeling angry, and you are feeling alienated."

c. "I'm hearing you say that you aren't mad at him, but your voice sounds angry."

Jim states, "I don't know what happened. My son and I were so close until he started hanging around with a group of kids who drink and skip school. It seems like we can't talk anymore. I don't know what to do." The most appropriate restatement would be which of the following? a. "You sound overwhelmed." b. "Say more about that." c. "You were close to your son, but now things seem different." d. "Your son is involved in many new and different activities." e. "You are confused about what's going on with your son."

c. "You were close to your son, but now things seem different."

All of the following are ways of being ethically responsible related to culture EXCEPT: a. Recognizing that traditional ways of providing help may not be sufficient for clients from another culture. b.Reading about the client's culture. c. Assuming that the client wants to assimilate to the dominant culture. d.Demonstrating interest in the client's culture. e. Becoming aware of your own values.

c. Assuming that the client wants to assimilate to the dominant culture.

Challenges are different from interpretation because: a. Challenges raise awareness by pointing out contradictions, whereas interpretations point out discrepancies. b. Challenges raise awareness by pointing out discrepancies, whereas interpretations point out defense mechanisms. c. Challenges raise awareness by pointing out discrepancies, whereas interpretations suggest underlying reasons. d. Challenges point out defenses, whereas interpretations raise awareness.

c. Challenges raise awareness by pointing out discrepancies, whereas interpretations suggest underlying reasons.

Disclosures of feelings and reflections of feelings differ in that a. Disclosures focus on thoughts about feelings whereas reflections focus on feelings about feelings. b. Disclosures focus on projections, whereas reflections focus on objective knowledge. c. Disclosures use the helper's feelings but turn the focus back on the client, whereas reflections focus on the client's feelings. d. Disclosures are narcissistic whereas reflections are objective.

c. Disclosures use the helper's feelings but turn the focus back on the client, whereas reflections focus on the client's feelings

The textbook suggested which of the following to be true of emotional arousal in regard to the process of client change. a. Emotional arousal is too overwhelming and difficult for the client and precludes the client from becoming deeply involved in the helping process toward change. b. Emotional arousal covers up or disguises the client's real feelings and therefore blocks exploration. c. Emotional arousal seems necessary for change to occur and provides a strong awareness of feelings. d. Emotional arousal has no impact on the helping process and the process of change. e. Emotional arousal is not important in the insight stage.

c. Emotional arousal seems necessary for change to occur and provides a strong awareness of feelings.

When presenting a reflection of feelings, the helper should (check all that apply) a. Reflect past rather than current feelings. b. Use the most gentle feeling word possible. c. Keep the reflection concise. d. Focus on the client rather than on other people.

c. Keep the reflection concise. d. Focus on the client rather than on other people.

According to the textbook, the best exploration tool for most clients is: a. Restatements. b. Self-disclosure of feelings. c. Reflection of feelings. d. Open question about thoughts. e. Disclosure of similarities.

c. Reflection of feelings

Direct guidance is often used during a. The beginning of therapy to let the client know what she or he can expect. b. The insight stage to help a client examine discrepancies. c. The action stage to promote change. d. The action stage to give the client what they want. e. Termination, so that a client can know how to proceed one therapy has ended.

c. The action stage to promote change.

The primary use of process advisement in the action stage is: a. To help clients decide which action to take. b. To deal with the therapeutic relationship. c. To use behavioral exercises such as role-playing. d. To support the client.

c. To use behavioral exercises such as role-playing.

Common "pitfalls" in the insight stage include all of the following, EXCEPT a. Needing to make brilliant connections and insights. b. Moving into insight prematurely. c. Trying to connect the insights with what was discussed in the exploration stage. d. Giving insight, even when clients do not want or need it. e.All of these options are common pitfalls.

c. Trying to connect the insights with what was discussed in the exploration stage.

Circling is all of the following EXCEPT: a. Staying at the same level. b. Often as a result of ineffective or neutral interventions. c. When the client deeply ponders the helper's intervention. d. When the client continues to talk, repeating what he or she said.

c. When the client deeply ponders the helper's intervention.

According to the text, the primary reasons for using disclosures in the insight state is to: a. Develop the therapeutic relationship. b. Normalize the client's situation. c. Promote insight. d. Show the client that the helper is a "real person." e. Prepare for the action stage.

c. promote insight

Josie, a beginning helper, is frustrated because her client is resisting her insight interventions. She thinks that she may have to terminate the relationship. Of the following, what would NOT be a wise strategy. a. Disclose her feelings to her client in a caring way. b. Try to explore her client's issues again. c. Check for her client's reactions to the interventions. d. Begin to generate action plans for her client. e. Openly discuss with her client the "resistance" in simple language.

d. Begin to generate action plans for her client.

Which of the following is NOT a recommended coping strategy for helpers to use to manage difficulties that they might have in the exploration stage? a. Observing models. b. Role plays. c. Positive self-talk. d. Chatting with the client before the session. e. Deep breathing.

d. Chatting with the client before the session.

______ allows the helper to connect with who the client is as a person, and may enable the helper to connect with and identify the client's needs. a. Conceptualizing ability b. Self-insight c. Anxiety management d. Empathy e. Countertransference

d. Empathy

Which of the following does NOT define an interpretation? a. Makes connections between seemingly isolated statements or events. b. Points out themes or patterns in behaviors, thoughts, or feelings. c. Explicates defenses, resistance, or transference. d. Identifies emotions that the client was not aware of. e. Offers a new framework to understand behaviors, thoughts, feelings, or problems.

d. Identifies emotions that the client was not aware of.

Jeremy and his helper had a good relationship up until recently. His helper noticed a certain hesitance with Jeremy. He said, "Jeremy, I notice that you seem to be hesitant to open up to me lately." What type of intervention is the helper using? a. Reflection. b. Self-disclosure. c. Challenge. d. Immediacy. e. Interpretation.

d. Immediacy

Helpers self-awareness is important for CLIENT well-being for all of the follow reasons EXCEPT: a. helpers can use their inner experiences as tools for understanding what is happening in the helping process b. Bt being self-aware, helpers can make better decisions about how to intervene with with clients c. helpers' reactions to provide valuable clues about how other people respond to clients d. It provides a growth experience for helpers in their personal lives e. So that helpers personal issues do not intrude on the helping process

d. It provides a growth experience for helpers in their personal lives

If clients are actively involved in gaining insight, helpers should a. Use immediacy to deal with the therapeutic relationship. b. Use challenges to break through the client's defenses. c. Use deep interpretations because the client is ready and able to hear them. d. Probe with open questions to encourage them to attain their own insight.

d. Probe with open questions to encourage them to attain their own insight.

Which of the following is NOT one of the steps discussed in the text for using immediacy? a. Become aware of and pull out of being "hooked." b. Assist client readiness. c. Process the interaction. d. Wait until you are calm.

d. Wait until you are calm.

When using open questions about thoughts, helpers should: a. Have specific information in mind that the client should talk about. b. Ask a closed question after each open question. c. Ask several questions so the client can choose which to respond to. d. Ask only one question at a time. e. Focus on important past experiences.

d. ask only one question at a time

Select the best immediacy intervention from the following responses: a. "I'm really sorry about missing our appointment last week. Let's put that behind us and deal with your sadness about the loss of your job." b. "On the one hand you are smiling, but on the other hand, you say that you are irritated." c. "You have been late lots of times for our appointments. Why are you so upset when I forget one session?" d.. "Perhaps my forgetting our session reminds you of your siblings, who never included you in their games and activities. Tell me more about your childhood." e. "It seems like I disappointed you when I forgot our session last week. Could we talk about your feelings?"

e. "It seems like I disappointed you when I forgot our session last week. Could we talk about your feelings?"

In terms of knowing what to reflect when making reflections, helpers can use which of the following sources of reflections? a. The helper's own personal experience. b. Indirectly from the context of the client's life. c. From the material that seems to have the most affect for the client. d. From non verbal behaviors and cues. e. All of these options are good sources for reflections.

e. All of these options are good sources for reflections.

Which of the following is NOT a step involved in behavior change? a. Identify a specific problem. b. Explore the idea of action for this problem. c. Assess previous change attempts and resources. d. Generate options together. e. Gain insight into the problem.

e. Gain insight into the problem.

Managing their own anxiety is often a problem for beginning helpers. Recommended suggestions for handling this problem include all of the following EXCEPT: a. Practice in actual sessions. b. Role-play the use of different helping skills. c. Use positive imagery. d. View people actually doing therapy. e. Saying to yourself that you don't care about the session.

e. Saying to yourself that you don't care about the session.

Caveats about using the insight skills to NOT include: a. The therapeutic relationship must be strong. b. Clients must trust the helper. c. Helpers must have a base of knowledge from which to formulate insight interventions. d. The client must be ready. e. The client must be resistant.

e. The client must be resistant.

Although restatements, open questions, and reflections of feeling can be used in most situations that arise to help clients explore, some situations do exist for which they are not the most appropriate interventions. These situations include: a. Clients needing specific information about what to expect in helping or about the helper's credentials. b. Helpers needing specific information. c. Clients needing normalization, reinforcement, or reassurance. d. Helpers wanting to let clients know they have had similar feelings. e. Any of these options.

e. any of these options.