Hemoglobin A1c testing

why is it done?

•The international committee of experts from the American Diabetes Association recommends that the A1c test be the primary test used to diagnose prediabetes, Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes. •After diagnosis, the test is used to monitor the patient's diabetes treatment plan •A better reflection of how well your diabetes treatment plan is working.

Definition

•A common blood test used to diagnose Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes •Gauges how well diabetes is being managed •Goes by other names: glycated hemoglobin, glycosylated hemoglobin, hemoglobin A1c and HbA1c

How to prepare for an A1c test

•It is a simple blood test. Patients can eat and drink normally before the test.

How often is it recommended?

-2 times/year for Type 2 diabetes, don't use insulin, & blood sugar level is consistently in target range. -3 - 4 times/year for Type 1 diabetes -4 times/year for Type 2 diabetes, use insulin to manage diabetes, or trouble keeping blood sugar level within target range. -More frequent tests if changing the diabetes treatment plan or begin new medication.

Results

-Normal range for non-diabetic 4.5% - 6% -To diagnose diabetes, an A1c level of 6.5% or higher on 2 separate tests indicates diabetes -Those diagnosed with diabetes, an A1c level of 7% or less is a common treatment target. (Sometimes MDs may choose higher target rates.) Remember, the higher the level, the > risk of diabetes complications.

What does it measure?

-The average blood sugar level for the past 2 - 3 months. -The percentage of hemoglobin (protein in RBC that carries O2) is coated with sugar (glycated). -The higher your A1c level, the poorer your blood sugar control.