HESI Science

CCK and secretin

The duodenum releases which of the following biologically active proteins? --pepsinogen and CCK --CCK and secretin --secretin and trypsinogen --trypsinogen and pepsinogen

Eubacteria and Archaebacteria

Among the choices below, which pair of taxonomic categories of organisms are in separate domains? --Eubacteria and Archaebacteria --Fungi and Plantae --Animalia and Protista --Fungi and Protista

B (mutations in the germ line cells of the fertile members of the species must be able to occur)

An absolute requirement for continual adaption of species to occur through natural selection is described in which of the following statements? --A)--mutations in the somatic cells of the fertile members of the species must be able occur --B)--mutations in the germ line cells of the fertile members of the species must be able to occur --C)--sister chromatids must be capable of exchanging DNA segments before the completion of meiosis I --D)--sister chromatids must be capable of exchanging DNA segments before the completion of meiosis II

cilia

Bronchial epithelial cell membranes possess which of the following? --microvilli --cilia --flagella --dendrites

B (identical genotypes only)

By a strict genetic definition, perfectly identical twins must have... A)-identical phenotypes only B)-identical genotypes only C)-both identical genotypes and phenotypes D)-either identical genotypes or phenotypes

6

During photosynthesis, what is the total number of oxygen molecules produced for each molecule of glucose (C6H12O6) that is synthesized? -2 -6 -12 -24

B (individual tetrads align)

During the metaphase I state of meiosis, which of the following events occurs at the metaphase plate? A)-homologous tetrad pairs align B)-individual tetrads align C)-individual chromatids align D)-homologous chromatid pairs align

bile; small instestine

Emulsification of fats requires_____and occurs in the ______. Which of the following correctly completes the statement above? --amylase; stomach --bile; stomach --amylase; small intestine --bile; small intestine

a phosphate group, a pentose sugar, and a nitrogenous base

For all biological nucleic acids, a nucleotide is composed of which of the following three components? --a carboxylic acid, a nitrogenous base, and a pentose sugar --an amino acid, a hexose sugar, and a nitrogenous base --a phosphate group, a pentose sugar, and a nitrogenous base --a phosphate group, a hexose sugar, and an amino acid

it passes through the capillaries before returning to the internal chambers of the heart

In a normal human, once blood is pumped out of the heart, which of the following statements is always true? --it passes through the capillaries before returning to the internal chambers of the heart --it has been fully oxygenated --it immediately enters the aorta --it travels to the lungs before returning to the heart

B (a single, unique three-base codon will code for only one single, unique type of amino acid)

In human cells, which of the following statements correctly states a true principle of the processing of genetic information? A)-a single, unique sequence of genes coded for a single unique protein B)-a single, unique three-base codon will code for only one single, unique type of amino acid C)-a single unique protein can only be coded for by a single, unique sequence of codons D)-A single, unique protein can only be coded for by a single, unique sequence of DNA

the small intestines

In humans, the majority (>50%) of water obtained through oral intake is absorbed into the body through which of the following? --the oral mucosa and the esophagus --the esophagus and the stomach --the small intestines --the large intestines

the liver

In humans, urea is produced in which of the following locations? --the liver --the kidney --the pancreas --red blood cells

inadequate intake during childhood development can lead to the disease 'Kwashiorkor'

In humans, which of the following is true regarding dietary intake of proteins? --it does not occur in individuals who are strict vegetarians --it must include a variety of proteins that consist of all 20 amino acids required for protein synthesis to take place --inadequate intake during childhood development can lead to the disease 'Kwashiorkor' --breakdown begins when protein reaches the ileum of the small intestine

the large intestine

In humans, which of the organs listed below does NOT receive supplies of both oxygenated and deoxygenated blood? --the lungs --the heart --the liver --the large intestine

the diaphragm

In humans, which of the skeletal muscles listed below are more often than not under involuntary control? --the masseters --the diaphragm --the biceps --the tongue

intercellular membrane binding

In immune functions involving T-helper cells, the T-helper cell most likely engages in which of the following? --phagocytosis --cell lysis --circulating antibody production --intercellular membrane binding

B (H2CO3 is a weak acid)

In the reaction H2CO3--->HCO3-+H+, if HCO3- is a strong base, which of the following is true: A)- H2CO3 is a strong acid B)- H2CO3 is a weak acid C)- H2CO3 is a weak base D)- H2CO3 is a strong base

continuously throughout the entire respiratory cycle

Oxygen enters the circulatory system during? --inspiration only --inspiration and the interval between inspiration and expiration --the interval between inspiration and expiration and during expiration only --continuously throughout the entire respiratory cycle

A (individual tissue layers being to form)

The gastrulation stage of human fetal development is characterized by which of the following? A)-individual tissue layers being to form B)-the four fundamental cell types begin to differentiate C)-the first multipotent stem cells begin to appear D)-the first individual organs begin to function

sensory input

The integrative functions of the nervous system requires which of the following: --sensory input --hormonal regulation --spinal cord reflexes --effector cells

A (prophase, G1, and G2)

The interphase stage of a normal somatic cell cycle consists of which three sub-phases? A)-prophase, G1, and G2 B)-G1, G2, and cytokinesis C)-G1, S, and G2 D)-G1, S, and prophase

C (electromagnetic energy)

The largest fraction of energy that the Earth receives from the sun is the form of which of the following? A)-kinetic energy of electrons B)-kinetic energy of neutrons C)-electromagnetic energy D)-chemical energy

natural killer cells (NK)

Which of the following cell types secrete perforins? --liver parenchymal cells --natural killer (NK) cells --T-helper cells --vascular endothelial cells

ribosomes

Which of the following cellular organelles do not possess an outer encapsulating organellar membrane? --mitochondria --ribosomes --chloroplasts --nuclei

the heart is ventral to the esophagus

Which of the following correctly describes the relative anatomical positional relationship between two anatomical structures in a normal human adult? --the heart is ventral to the esophagus --the scapula is proximal to the vertebral column --the kidneys are medial to the abdominal aorta --the urinary bladder is rostral to the pancreas

production of antibodies

Which of the following is NOT a capacity of the human innate immune system? --phagocytosis of foreign cells --stimulation of fever --production of antibodies --the release of and response to cytokines

D (some, but not all, eukaryotic cells have chloroplasts, but no prokaryotic cells have chloroplasts)

Which of the following is a true statement regarding fundamental differences between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells? --A)--some, but not all, prokaryotic cells have cell walls, but no eukaryotic cells have cell walls --B)--some, but not all, prokaryotic cells have ribosomes, but all eukaryotic cells have ribosomes --C)--some, but not all, eukaryotic cells have nucleoids, but all prokaryotic cells have nucleoids --D)--some, but not all, eukaryotic cells have chloroplasts, but no prokaryotic cells have chloroplasts

D (the mRNA segment base sequence identical to the complementary DNA strand segment of the gene sequence except that uracil is substituted for thymine in the mRNA sequence

Which of the following is true regarding the relationship between a complete segment of mRNA and the gene from which the mRNA segment was transcribed? A)-the mRNA segment base sequence is identical to the DNA gene base sequence B)-the mRNA segment base is identical to the complementary DNA strand segment of the gene base sequence C)-the mRNA segment base sequence is identical to the complementary DNA strange segment of the gene base sequence that adenine is substituted for thymine in the mRNA base sequence D)-the mRNA segment base sequence identical to the complementary DNA strand segment of the gene sequence except that uracil is substituted for thymine in the mRNA sequence