HESI STUDY

The skull is comprised of how many bones?

22

Individual bones are classified by ________.

Shape

Which of the following is a symptom of viral herpes?

Skin eruption

Which organ is responsible for most of the nutrient absorption in the body?

Small intestine

The Growth Hormone is also known as ___________.

Somatotropin hormone (STH)

Which of the following is not included in the bones of the cranium?

Sphenoid Temporal ****Nasal Ossicles

Which of the following is a connective tissue containing open spaces partially filled with interconnected, needle-like structures?

Spongy bone

In regard to the respiratory system, the larynx is ____________ to the trachea.

Superior

Which muscles work in collaboration with the prime movers?

Synergists

What form of tissue provides support and structure for the organs?

Connective

Which type of tissue is most widely distributed throughout the body?

Connective tissue

The wall of the alimentary canal is comprised of both skeletal and smooth muscle fibers that function in movement and mechanical digestion. Which segment of the alimentary canal contains skeletal muscle fibers?

Esophagus

The protein that gives color to the red blood cells is known as which of the following?

Hemoglobin

Blood cell formation performed by the skeletal system is called ________?

Hemopoiesis

What are tropic hormones?

Hormones of the adenohypophysis

Which of the following causes bone matrix resorption in response to a decrease of calcium levels in the blood?

Osteoclasts

When osteoblasts become fixed in a dense bone matrix, they continue to maintain bone tissue as which of the following?

Osteocytes (cells that form compact bone)

Which of the following is the primary organ of the female reproductive system responsible for releasing mature eggs?

Ovaries

How many thoracic vertebrae are there in a vertebral column?

12

The upper passage ways of lungs are responsible for which of the following?

Warming, filtering, and moistening the incoming air

A patient complaining of pain in their sternum reveals that they were recently in a mild car accident. Which of the following structures may have been injured in the accident?

Xiphoid process

All except which of the following is located superior to the maxilla bone?

Zygomatic bone **** Mandible Nasal bone Frontal bone

Which of the following blood vessels delivers blood to the lower extremities?

iliac artery

Which of the following is the correct order of the biological levels of organization of living things in order from simplest to most complex?

organelles, cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, organisms, populations, communities, ecosystem, biosphere

What is the principal function of the integumentary system?

protection, thermoregulation, Vitamin D synthesis, water retention, cutaneous sensation, and nonverbal communication.

The ______________ system is an integral component of the circulatory system.

pulmonary

The right ventricle pumps blood to the ____________ while the left ventricle pumps blood to the ______________.

pulmonary circuit; systemic circuit

Diastole is the term that describes _________, while systole represents_____________.

relaxing and filling; contraction and ejection

The functions of the circulatory system include all of the following except:

to distribute oxygen and nutrients to body tissues. ***** to deliver carbon dioxide to body tissues. to distribute hormones throughout the body. to remove carbon dioxide from the body.

The _________ valve is located between the right atrium and the right ventricle.

tricuspid

Which of the following lists the heart's primary valves in the order in which blood passes through them?

tricuspid, pulmonary semilunar valve, bicuspid, aortic semilunar valve

What is a hollow muscular organ located in the female pelvis and holding it until the baby is mature enough for birth?

uterus

Which of the following processes involves smooth muscle in the arterial walls controlling blood pressure?

vasoconstriction

The right atrium receives blood from the __________.

vena cava

Which plane divides the body into left and right sides (can be unequal)?

Sagittal

Which plane divides the body into left and right sides?

Sagittal

If you were to cut the body through the median plane, what type of sectioning would occur?

Sagittal section

Myofibrils are made up of which of the following?

Sarcomeres

Which of the following releases calcium ions upon receiving nervous stimulation from the motor neurons?

Sarcoplasmic reticulum (Nervous stimulation from motor neurons causes the release of calcium ions from the sarcoplasmic reticulum.)

Which muscle is located from the anterior superior iliac spine to the medial tibia and is responsible for flexing the leg at the knee?

Sartorius

Which of the following epithelial cell types is involved in secretion and absorption?

Simple columnar epithelium

Nerve impulses that only travel through the spinal cord and do not reach the brain are called ______________.

Simple reflexes

Which of the following cells are thin, flat, and often bulge around the nucleus?

Squamous

All of the following are small bones, except _______.

Stapes Incus Malleus ***Femur

Which of the following cells have star-like shape?

Stellate

Which hormones enter target cells and have a direct effect on the DNA of the nucleus?

Steroid hormones

What is the outermost layer of the epidermis?

Stratum corneum

Which of the following options correctly lists the layers of the epidermis from the most superficial to the deepest layer?

Stratum corneum, stratum lucidum, stratum granulosum, stratum germinativum

Stratum basale and stratum spinosum are included in which layer of the epidermis? (Mitosis occurs here)

Stratum germinativum

Ankle bones are called which of the following?

Tarsals

Which of the following hormones is primarily produced and secreted by the male reproductive system?

Testosterone

Which of the following best describes the anatomical position?

The anatomical position is defined as standing erect (straight up) with feet forward and palms facing anteriorly (towards the front) with the thumbs facing outwards.

What causes oxygen to be released from the Hemoglobin?

The concentration of oxygen drops in the tissues.

Which plane divides the body into upper and lower parts?

Transverse

Many protein hormones remain at the cell surface and act through a second messenger, which is usually a substance known as ___________.

Adenosine monophosphate

Which of the following supplies energy to the filaments, so that they can slide together to produce contraction?

Adenosine triphosphate

When under stress, the human body releases hormones from which of the following?

Adrenal cortex

Which of the following produces cortisol, which helps to reduce stress and maintains one's blood pressure?

Adrenocorticotropic hormone

Which hormone regulates blood pressure?

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

Which hormone helps regulate body's water balance?

Adrenocorticotropic hormone - regulate the body's water balance Thymus - develop a healthy immune system Pancreas - maintains healthy blood sugar level ******Antidiuretic hormone

The nephron is the basic unit of the kidney that is responsible for filtering blood. Which of the following is not a capillary network in the nephrons?

Glomerulus ****Loop of Henle (segment of the renal tubule that transports glomerular filtrate) Vasa Recta Peritubular capillaries

Which of the following is a part of the appendicular skeleton?

Girdles (anchor the limbs to the axial skeleton)

The clavicle is a part of the ___________.

Upper portion of appendicular skeleton

The largest vertebrae of the spinal column are known as ______________.

Lumbar vertebrae

The enteric nervous system, which provides the nervous control to gastrointestinal processes, is distributed in the layers of the digestive tract. Of the four layers, where is the Myenteric or Auerbach plexus located?

Muscularis

Which of the following is made up of smaller units called as sarcomeres?

Myofibril

Which organelle is responsible for storing DNA?

Nucleus

Which of the following is a function of interneurons?

Receive information from the afferent neurons and directs the information through the efferent neurons.

The large intestine functions as a reservoir of undigested materials that will later be excreted. Which of the following segments store the fecal material prior to defecation?

Rectum

Which of the following could result from a damaged olfactory nerve?

Reduced sense of smell

Urine travels from the kidney to the urinary bladder through which structure?

Ureter

Which of the following is not a constriction of the ureter?

Ureterovesical junction Ureteropelvic junction *****Vesicourethral junction At the pelvic rim

Which of the following features of veins results in the venous system operating at lower pressures than the arterial side?

Veins have thinner, more compliant vessel walls than arteries.

Which of the following is true about veins?

Veins have valves.

The left ventricle receives blood from the ________________.

left atrium

In order for blood to be delivered to the body (i.e. the systemic circuit), enough pressure must be developed by the ___________ to push open the ________________.

left ventricle; aortic semilunar valve

White blood cells contain many _________ because they need to dispose of harmful intruders such as bacteria and viruses. Which of the following options correctly completes the statement above?

lysosomes

Which of the following best describes a bone with a tube-like opening is?

meatus

Which vertebrae fuse to form the sacrum?

Sacral vertebrae

An example of a ______ joint is the thumb joint, which can move back and forth and up and down but more freely than the wrist or fingers.

Saddle

Which of the following is the name of the imaginary vertical plane that equally divides the body into left and right?

Sagittal

Which part of the brain is involved in processing auditory information?

Temporal lobe

The hormone ____________ has the primary role of producing sperm.

Testosterone

Which of the following hormones is not primarily involved in the function of the female reproductive system?

Testosterone

Which of the following is located in the thoracic cavity?

The mediastinum

Which of the following is located in the thoracic cavity?

The small intestine (abdominal cavity) ****The mediastinum (area in the chest between the lungs) The urinary and reproductive organs (pelvic cavity) The adrenal glands (abdominal cavity)

What of the following is not true about osteoblasts?

These are the cells from a cancellous bone

What is the function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum?

To assist in protein synthesis

The _________________ carry oxygen rich blood away from the heart, while the ________________ carry oxygen-depleted blood back towards the heart.

arteries; veins

Which of the following best describes neuroglia?

connective tissue that supports the neurons

Which type of connection do tendons create?

muscle to bone

The heart tissue is composed of cardiac muscle called _______________.

myocardium

The heart is located:

posterior to the sternum. between the lungs. superior to the diaphragm. ***** all of the above.

The hormone __________ assists estrogen in stimulating the formation of the endometrium.

progesterone

The ____________ valves control blood flow through the aorta and the pulmonary trunk.

semilunar

Which of the following is the primary organ of the male reproductive system responsible for producing sperm?

seminiferous tubules

The area of cardiac muscle tissue that divides the right and left sides of the heart is called ____________.

septum

An irregular epiphysis at each end is present in which of the following?

A typical long bone

What, in addition to adenosine triphosphate (ATP), must be present for a muscle to contract?

Calcium

What, in addition to adenosine triphosphate, must be present for a muscle to contract?

Calcium

Exposure to sunlight causes the skin to synthesize vitamin D, which helps to maintain levels of which of the following?

Calcium and phosphate

The pulse point located on the neck is palpated over which artery?

Carotid

Wrist bones are called which of the following?

Carpals

A patient who is on a plant-based diet complains that their skin is appearing to take on a yellowish color. Which of the following foods would you expect the patient to have eaten a large amount of?

Carrots (sweet potatoes, pumpkins, or any other food high in carotene, excess beta-carotene will enter the bloodstream and be stored under the skin, giving it a yellow tint)

Which organelle is responsible for regulating the transport of substances in and out of the cell?

Cell membrane

Which of the following is considered the basic unit of life?

Cells

The spinal cord is the part of which of the following?

Central nervous system (spinal cord and brain)

Which of the following transmit nerve impulses towards a cell body?

Cerebellum Cerebrum *****Dendrites Axon (away from the cell body)

Which of the following glands secrete earwax?

Ceruminous

Which of the following muscles draw the limb away from the midline?

Abductors

Where is the corrugator supercilii muscle located?

Above the superciliary arch of the frontal bone

Which of the following is not a function of the retina?

Absorption of light ***** Regulation of the amount of light that enters the eye Processing and transmission of visual inputs Night vision

Calcium ions attach to inhibitory proteins on which of the following?

Actin filaments

What is the function of coracobrachialis muscle?

Adducts the arm at the shoulder

The anterior lobe of pituitary glands is called which of the following?

Adenohypophysis

Which of the following fill the lungs and appear as tiny end ducts of branching airways?

Alveolar ducts

Which of the following gets absorbed directly into the blood?

Amino acids

Which of the following is not the principle function of the endocrine system?

Hormone production Internal chemical coordination Internal chemical communication *****Acid base balance

Which of the following muscles pulls a body part away from the midline of the body?

Abductors

Which important minerals are stored within the skeletal system?

Calcium and phosphorous

Which of the following best describes the primary function of hemoglobin?

Carries oxygen to tissues and organs

Which of the following is a molecule carrying genetic instructions for the development, functioning, growth, and reproduction for all organisms?

DNA

What is the function of the omohyoid and sternohyoid muscles?

Depress the hyoid bone

What connects skin to superficial muscles?

Dermis

Which of the following terms describes the process of forming new red blood cells?

Erythropoiesis

Which of the following is a passive process during which the lungs recoil as the respiratory muscles relax and the thorax decreases in size?

Exhalation

Which muscle is located from ribs 5-12 to the iliac crest and linea alba and is responsible for flexing the vertebral column?

External abdominal oblique

Which of the following is not true about the mandible bone?

Facial bones consist of two mandible bones

The elbow is what type of joint?

Hinge

How does serotonin affect the body?

It helps to regulate mood, anxiety, sleep, memory, and appetite.

Which of the following describes cellular respiration?

It is an oxidative catabolic activity

Which of the following salivary glands primarily contributes to the production and secretion of saliva?

Lingual glands minor salivary glands found in the tongue Parotid glands an enzyme-producing salivary gland Sublingual glands produces about 3-5% of the saliva *****Submandibular glands 2/3

Which part of the body is also known as the lumbar region?

Lower Back

Which plane divides the body it into equal left and right halves?

Median

The respiratory control center is present in which part of the brain?

Medulla

Which of the following gives skin its color?

Melanin

What form of animal tissue reacts to stimuli as well as conducts impulses to and from all parts of the body?

Nervous

Which of the following structures is part of the upper respiratory system?

Pharynx

Which gland releases melatonin?

Pineal glands

Which part of your diet plays the largest role in the growth and repair of tissues in your body?

Protein

Which of the following blood vessels runs parallel to the carotid artery and is responsible for draining blood from the brain?

Jugular vein

Which of the following means "away from the midline"?

Lateral

Which of the four chambers of the heart has the thickest muscular wall?

Left ventricle

Which of the following lists the correct pathway of blood through the circulatory system?

Left ventricle, aorta, systemic circuit, vena cava, right atrium, right ventricle, lungs, left atrium

Which of the following best describes the function of the mitral valve?

Lets blood flow from the left atrium to the left ventricle

Adductors return ________ toward the body.

Limbs

Which of the following organelles is responsible for digesting damaged cellular structures, as well as macromolecules and bacteria ingested by the cell?

Lysosomes

Which of the following cell organelles is correctly paired with its function?

Lysosomes/ ATP production (breaking down of molecules) Mitochondria/ Cell division (ATP is generated) ******Ribosome/ Protein synthesis Nucleus/ Intracellular digestion (cellular division)

Which of the following is not a function of the urinary system?

Maintenance of blood osmolarity Regulation of blood volume and pressure ***** Production of erythropoietin, calcitriol, and aldosterone Regulation of blood glucose during fasting

Sound waves are transmitted to the inner ear via the three auditory ossicles, resulting in the vibration of the tympanic membrane. Which bone of the middle ear is the first to receive the vibration from the tympanic membrane?

Malleus

Which of the following is not included in the facial bones?

Mandible ***** Meta tarsals Maxillary bones Nasal bones

Which muscle is located from the maxilla and zygomatic arch to the angle and to the ramus of the mandible and its function is to close the mouth?

Masseter, closes mouth

Which of the following terms describes the process of cell division, resulting in gametes?

Meiosis

What is the name of the pigment that is found in the basal layer of the epidermis?

Melanin

Which of the following types of cancer would present warning signs that are identified using the ABCDE method?

Melanoma

Where is the mentalis muscle located?

Middle of the mandible

The labor hormone is also known as which of the following?

Oxytocin (stimulates the contraction of the uterus)

The Golgi apparatus is an organelle involved in which of the following cell functions?

Packaging and transporting proteins and lipids throughout the cell

Which of the following is not included in the abdominal cavity?

Pancreas *****Spinal cord Liver Kidneys

The kneecap is known as which of the following?

Patella

The internal reproductive organs are located in which of the following anatomical regions?

Pelvic

Which of the following informs the body that it's time to sleep?

Pineal glands

Growth hormones are produced by which of the following?

Pituitary glands

The Hypothalamus controls the ____________ by releasing hormones?

Pituitary glands

An example of a _____ joint is the joint of the first and second vertebrae of the neck that allows the head to move side to side.

Pivot

The tarsal bones in your foot and the carpal bones in your wrist are examples of a_______joint.

Planar

Platelets and cell fragments that do not have a nucleus, but help in creating blood clots are called ______________.

Plasma

Which of the following makes up the largest component of whole blood?

Plasma

Which of the following is not a type of white blood cell?

Platelets

Which of the following cells have four or more sides with irregularly angular shapes.

Polygonal

If the femoral artery was cut, which of the following blood vessels would not receive blood as a result?

Popliteal artery

The pancreas is __________ to the stomach.

Posterior

Skeletal muscle work in pairs. The muscle that executes the given movement is called which of the following?

Prime mover

Which of the following hormones act through a second messenger?

Protein hormones

Hydrochloric acid (HCl) is the acid that aids digestion in the stomach. HCl is particularly important in the digestion of which component of food?

Proteins

When describing a direction in relation to a limb, which of the these is considered closest to the point of attachment?

Proximal

Which of the following is the correct sequence of transport of filtrate from the nephrons to the renal pelvis?

Proximal Convoluted Tubule - Loop of Henle - Distal Convoluted Tubule - Collecting Duct - Minor Calyx - Major Calyx - Renal Pelvis

The Peritoneum is the serous membrane that covers the abdominal cavity. Some organs of the gastrointestinal tract are covered by peritoneum (intraperitoneal organs) while others are not (retroperitoneal organs). Which of the following segments of the large intestine are located intraperitoneally?

Transverse colon

Hormones are divided into how many major groups?

Two (steroid and non steroid hormones (proteins, peptides, and amino acids))

A patient complains of decreased sensation in the distal part of their arm and an inability to adduct and abduct their fingers. Based on these symptoms, which nerve is most likely compromised?

Ulnar

Which of the following describes the distal region of the humerus?

The epiphysis that articulates with the radius and ulna

Cerumen is secreted by apocrine glands located in which of the following structures?

The external auditory canal

What is the function of the sebaceous glands?

To secrete oil that lubricates the skin and prevents drying.

The tube that connects the larynx to the bronchi is called ____________.

Trachea

The ________________is located in the upper arm, and is a continuation of the ________________ artery.

brachial; axillary

When blood is delivered to the body's tissues, the ______________ facilitate the exchange of oxygen and nutrients.

capillaries

The primary function of the ________________ is to deliver blood to the brain.

carotid artery

The purpose of the __________________ is to supply the myocardium with oxygen and nutrient-rich blood.

coronary arteries

What is the yellowish mass of endocrine tissue that forms in the ovaries immediately after ovulation. It secretes progesterone and estrogen, which help develop and maintain the endometrium.

corpus luteum

The ethmoid is included in which of the following?

cranium

What is the innermost lining of the uterus and provide structure to the uterus and maintain patency (openness)?

endometrium

Which of the following best describes a bone with a smooth flat articular surface?

facet

Which of the following best describes a bone with a round hole for blood vessels to pass through?

foramen

Which type of bone has a hole?

foramen

Erythrocytes have a discoid shape, which is beneficial because it allows:

increased surface area for maximum oxygen absorption

Which of the following cells is capable of carrying out the process of phagocytosis?

neutrophils

One cardiac cycle is:

one heart filling phase and one heart contraction

The heart consists of four chambers, which include _________________.

right atrium, right ventricle, left atrium, and left ventricle

The heartbeat is initiated by an electrical impulse that originates at the ____________.

sinoatrial node

Which type of bone has a cavity?

sinus

Mitosis occurs in which layer of the skin?

stratum germinativum

Which type of bone has a channel-like depression?

sulcus

How many sacral vertebrae are present in the vertebral column?

5

The vertebral column is divided into how many sections?

5

Which structure lies between the thoracic and abdominal cavities?

Diaphragm

Which of the following organs of the urinary system is not correctly paired with its function?

**** Urethra - temporarily holds the urine prior to excretion (discharges the urine out of the body) Kidneys - Filter blood and eliminate wastes Ureters - transport urine from kidney Urinary bladder - urine reservoir

Which of the following is secreted by the thymus?

******Humoral factors Prolactin (pituitary gland) Melatonin (pineal gland) Growth hormones (pituitary gland)

Which of the following hormones is not released by hypothalamus?

******Melatonin Gonadotropin hormone Corticotrophin hormone Growth hormone

Which of the following is not a bone of the ear?

*****Humerus Incus Malleus Stapes

Which of the following is not a paired bone of the cranium?

*****Occipital Parietal Ossicles Temporal

The lower portion of appendicular skeleton consists of which of the following?

*****Os coxae (Hip bones) Scapula Pectoral Clavicle

Which of the following anatomical terms is correctly matched with its meaning?

*****cranial/skull cervical/wrist carpal/foot inguinal/neck

What is present in the nucleus?

DNA

Where would you find the occipital lobe?

The head

Which of the following is not a bone of the lower extremities?

****Ulna Femur Tibia Fibula

Which of the following statements about the endocrine system is false?

*Growth of pubic and axillary hair is induced by testosterone and estrogen. *Oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone are stored in and secreted by the posterior pituitary gland. *****The hypothalamus is commonly known as the "master gland." (pituitary gland) *The adrenal glands secrete cortisol and aldosterone.

How many nasal bones are present in the face?

2

How many pairs of spinal nerves exit the spinal cord?

31

A tissue sample studied under a microscope exhibits the following characteristics: an extracellular matrix providing rigidity to the tissue, and the presence of lacunae. Which type of tissue is this?

Bone

Which type of connection do ligaments create?

Bone to bone

Which of the following is not a component of the respiratory system?

Brain

Which of the following is not a major part of the nervous system?

Brain *****Heart Individual nerves Spinal cord

The main passageways into the lungs are called which of the following?

Bronchi

What is the inner layer of the skin that is composed of fibrous tissues?

Dermis

The heart is _________ to the spine.

Anterior

Which of the following is the opposite of the anatomical term posterior?

Anterior

What direction is the spine, in relation to the sternum?

Anterior (in front of) Inferior (below of) ***** Posterior (toward the back; behind) Superior (above of)

Which of the following is a hormone of posterior lobe?

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Which of the following lists the blood vessels in order from largest diameter to smallest diameter?

Aorta, arteries, arterioles

Limbs are part of which of the following?

Appendicular skeleton

What is the length of the spinal cord?

Approximately 18 inches

Where is the thyroid located?

At the front of an individual's neck

Which of the following structures functions in directing sound waves into the ear?

Auricle

Which of the following is a part of the peripheral nervous system, which controls visceral functions that occur below the level of consciousness?

Autonomic nervous system

The sternum is a part of which of the following?

Axial skeleton

This type of joint has the greatest range of motion with all movement types possible in all directions i.e is your shoulder.

Ball-and-socket

What is the most easily identifiable form of skin cancer?

Basal cell carcinoma

Most of the carbon dioxide that enters the body is converted to which of the following?

Bicarbonate ions

Which of the following is an element of the body's framework?

Blood Stomach Intestine ******Cartilage

Which of the following organ systems is correctly paired with its function?

Circulatory/ obtaining nutrients necessary for growth, energy and normal body processes (transport of substance) Digestive/ waste elimination (obtaining nutrients) Excretory/ transport of substance to all tissues of the body (waste elimination) ******Endocrine/ regulation of homeostasis through hormone signaling

Which of the following is not the part of the upper portion of the appendicular skeleton?

Clavicle *****Pelvic girdle Scapula Pectoral

Which of the following is known as the tailbone?

Coccygeal vertebrae

These joints allow biaxial movements—i.e., forward and backward, or from side to side, but not rotation.

Condyloid

Which of the following structures in the retina is not correctly matched to its function?

Cones: produces color vision Rods: allows vision in low light ***** Macula: serves as a conduit where the optic nerve exits the eyeball Fovea centralis: site responsible for highest visual acuity

Which of the types of tissue is responsible for providing the matrix that supports and connects other tissues of the body?

Connective tissue

Which of the following is a function of medulla oblongata?

Controls heart rate

Which of the following inhibits the release of histamine?

Cortisol

What is secreted by the adrenal glands?

Cortisol and aldosterone

Which of the following cells are square shaped?

Cuboidal

On which surface of the body are the buttocks located?

Distal (farther from the center of the body or the point of attachment) Proximal (nearer to the center of the body or the point of attachment) Ventral (front side of the body) ******Dorsal

Sensory impulses enter which of the following?

Dorsal horns of the spinal cord

Further digestion and absorption of nutrients occur in three segments of small intestine with the aid of secretions from pancreas, liver, and gallbladder. In which segment is the opening of the pancreatic duct and common bile duct located?

Duodenum

Which of the following devices measures the electrical activity of the heart?

ECG

The malleus, incus, and stapes are bones found in the _________.

Ear

Which exocrine gland produces sweat on the epidermal surface?

Eccrine

Which structure in the epidermis is responsible for cooling the body to maintain temperature homeostasis?

Eccrine glands

Which system coordinates and regulates processes within the body through the use of hormones?

Endocrine system

Which white blood cells are "acidic loving" granulocytes?

Eosinophil

Which white blood cells fight against parasitic infections?

Eosinophils

Which layer of the skin provides protection from infection and outside elements?

Epidermis

A tissue sample take from the internal surface of the stomach is examined under a microscope. No extracellular matrix is visible, the cells are tall and thin, and there are no blood vessels in the tissue. What type of tissue is this?

Epithelial

Which of the following types of tissues functions in the covering, lining, and protection of surfaces and body cavities?

Epithelial tissue

The main function of each gland in an endocrine system is which of the following?

Hormone production

Which of the following is not true regarding the process of fertilization?

Estrogen and progesterone prepare the endometrium for implantation of a fertilized egg. Fertilization of an egg by a sperm occurs in the fallopian tubes. A fertilized egg implants into the endometrium. ****** The corpus luteum degenerates after an egg is fertilized.

What is the structure that provides communication between the pharynx and the middle ear?

Eustachian Tube

Eccrine glands secrete a watery substance onto the surface of the skin to maintain temperature homeostasis through which process?

Evaporation

In which of the following reproductive structures does the fertilization of an ovum occur?

Fallopian tube

Which of the following processes occur in the stomach?

Formation of chyme

Which of the following best describes a bone with a shallow depression?

Fossa

Which plane divides the body into anterior (front) and posterior (back) portions?

Frontal

Which of the following is composed of keratin?

Hair

Which of the following is an appendage of the skin?

Hair (Nails)

In what area of the body would you expect to find especially thick stratum corneum?

Heel of the foot

The pharynx is a conduit for air and food. It is divided into three segments which contain lymphoid structures that play significant roles in protection and defense. Which segment of the pharynx contains the pharyngeal tonsils?

Hypopharynx inferior portion of the pharynx that also serves as passageway for both food and air Oropharynx - palatine tonsils Laryngopharynx inferior portion of the pharynx that also serves as passageway for both food and air *****Nasopharynx

The infundibulum attaches which of the following to the pituitary glands?

Hypothalamus

What is the function of extensor muscles?

Increase the angle at the joint

Which of the following are structures known as the ossicles?

Incus, stapes, malleus

The diaphragm is _________ to the lungs.

Inferior

The posterior pituitary gland produces which of the following?

Insulin - pancreas Melatonin - pineal gland Prolactin - pituitary gland ******Oxytocin

Bones, cartilage, ligaments, and joints are all part of which of the following?

Integumentary system Circulatory System ****** Body framework Muscular system

Exchange of gases between the blood and body cells is known as which of the following?

Internal respiration

Which of the following is not classified as a shape of a bone?

Irregular Sesamoid Flat ****Circular

Which of the following is true of bolus?

It is the partially digested food that leaves the oral cavity and enters the stomach.

Which of the following is not true about estrogen?

It is transported in the blood. It is secreted by endocrine organs. It stimulates ovulation. **** It stimulates milk production

What type of animal tissue is composed of neurons and neuroglia?

Nervous

Muscles contract in response to which of the following?

Nervous stimulation

Oxytocin is the hormone released from which of the following?

Neurohypophysis

The posterior lobe of pituitary glands is called which of the following?

Neurohypophysis

Which white blood cells are most abundant in our blood?

Neutrophil

Which of the following structures is not correctly paired with its function?

Oral cavity - mastication Liver - secretion of bile that aids in lipid digestion ***** Small intestine - secretion of trypsin and chymotrypsin that aid in protein digestion Pancreas - secretion of amylase that aid in carbohydrate digestion

The ear functions as an organ of hearing and in maintaining balance/ equilibrium. Which of the following structures is primarily responsible for detecting and processing sounds?

Organ of Corti

The respiratory system is composed of organs that facilitate gas exchange between the blood and the external environment. Which of the following describes the group of organs that function during gas exchange?

Organ system

Reabsorption of water and electrolytes occur in various parts of the renal tubules. In which segment is sodium mostly reabsorbed?

Proximal Convoluted Tubules

Which blood vessel returns blood from the lungs back to the heart?

Pulmonary vein

Which type of bone has a curved surface?

Ramus

Which of the following is not a function of cortisol?

Reduces inflammation Raises blood sugar levels *****Release growth hormones Inhibits the release of histamine

Detoxification is a function carried out by the skeletal system of the body. What does it involve?

Removal of poisons

What is a function of basophils?

Respond to histamine releasing infections

Which part of the eye allows us to see color?

Retina

Which of the following parts of an animal cell helps in the synthesis of proteins?

Ribosomes

Where is the tibialis anterior located?

The front of the lower extremities

What are lymphoid organs?

The organs involved with the immune system of the body.

In which body cavity would you find the esophagus?

Thoracic

T-lymphocytes are developed by which of the following glands?

Thymus

Which of the following is defined as "a group of similar cells and their intercellular matrix that carry out a specific function together?"

Tissues

Which of the following is not a primary function of the cardiac valves?

To prevent backflow of blood ***** To facilitate an action potential through the heart To regulate the rate of blood flow To close when the ventricles are full

Which of the following is a primary function of the male and/or female reproductive systems?

To produce gametes

Which blood vessel delivers blood directly into the right atrium?

Vena cava

The inner ear is comprised of a series of canals that are filled with fluid. These canals are the bony and membranous labyrinths, which contain perilymph and endolymph, respectively. Which of the following is not a component of the bony labyrinth?

Vestibule Cochlea Semicircular canals ***** Saccule

A patient reveals to you that they were recently involved in a car accident that they believe resulted in a deviated septum. Which of the following bones may have been injured in the accident, resulting in the deviated septum?

Vomer (Bone in the Nose)

Which of the following acts as a store for fats and aids in bone function?

Yellow bone marrow

Before the heart muscle can contract, it must receive an electrical signal called a(n) ______________.

action potential

What is the definition of Histology?

the study of cells and tissues of plants and animals

The components found in blood that carry out blood clotting are:

thrombocytes