HI 102 Goodson Midterm

Florence Nightingale

"Lady with the Lamp" Crimean War. Began the Nursing profession

HG Wells

"Little triumphs are the prelude to disaster"

Oliver Cromwell

"Lord Protector" of England after Charles I's execution. Strict puritanical rule.

Robespierre

"The Incorruptible". Radical leader of the committee of public safety.

Sans Culottes

"without breeches" Working class that became the radicalizing force of the revolution.

Charles I

11 year tyranny. Forces nobles to loan him funds, and imprisons them if they request payment. First king to be executed by his own people.

Edict of Nantes

1598, provided for toleration of Huguenots in some French towns. Revoked under Louis XIV.

Glorious Revolution

1688: Bloodless transition of power between James I of England and William and Mary.

The Assembly of Notables

1787: Louis XVI asks for taxes from church leaders. They decline.

September Massacre

1792, French republic is proclaimed.

Monroe Doctrine

1823: Europe must stay out of western affairs.

July Revolution

1830: Louis Philippe takes the throne. Citizen king, Constitutional Monarch

British North America Act

1867, allows Canada to run her own affairs.

Third French Republic

1871: Paris commune comes to power. Marxism is introduced.

WWI Casualties

38 Million

The Schliefen Plan

A war-winning offensive, in a one-front war against the French Third Republic from 1905-06.

Henry Bessemer

Age of Industry. English. Discovered an inexpensive process for converting iron to steel by using air currents. Bessemer Process.

George W. Carver

Agricultural scientist during the time of WWI

Edward Mandal House

American diplomat, politician, and an adviser to President Woodrow Wilson.

Gavrilo Princip

Assassinated Archduke Ferdinand and Sofia. Part of the black Hand

Henry Ford

Assembly line/Model T

Lord Ashley

Assists in Child Labor Reform

Quadruple alliance

Austria, Prussia, Russia, England (PEAR)

Battle of Leipzig

Battle of Nations. Napoleon is defeated.

Bastille

Beginning of the french revolution. All defenders lie dead.

James I

Begins the Stuart line of Kings. Divine Right of Kings. Puritains "Harry them out of the land." Jamestown.

Friedrich Schleirmacher

Believed in Higher Criticism. Ideas, not words. The Bible becomes irrelevant in society.

Emmanuel Kant

Believed in morality without Christianity. Categorical Imperative

Karl Marx

Believed that England was ripe for proletarian revolution.

GWF Hegel

Believed that conflict produces progress. Thesis/Antithesis=synthesis

Battle of Plassey

Britain allows East India Company to run India

WWI Triple Entente

Britain, France, Russia

Allied Powers

Britain, France, Russia, Italy

Sepoy Rebellion

Caused by disregard for religious ideals. British government takes over India.

The French Revolution

Caused by intellectual vanguard and inequality. Estates: Clergy, nobility, everyone else (97%).

Geribaldi

Commander of the Red Shirts, political group desiring nationalism in italy.

Austrian Domination

Congress of Vienna established Austria as the dominant German state.

Congress of Vienna

Conveined after Napoleonic wars. Russia: Czar Alexander, Britain: Lord Castlereagh, France: Talleyrand, Austria: Metternich

Benjamin Disraeli

Convinces Victoria to declare herself the empress of India, Egypt, Suez Canal

Louis Blans

Democratic Socialist. Said, "From each according to abilities, to each according to his needs."

Ferdinand Von Zeppelin

Derigible

Yellow Fever Vaccine

Developed by Walter Reed and William Gorgas

William Wilberforce

Eliminates the slave trade in Britain

17th Amendment

Establishes rules of Senate.

Fabian Socialism

Evolutionary socialism. Purpose is to advance the principles of democratic socialism via gradualist and reformist effort in democracies, rather than by revolutionary overthrow.

Adoniram Judson

Father of American Missions. Missionary to Burma

William Carrey

Father of Modern Missions. Missionary in India

Samuel De Champlain

Father of New France (Quebec)

Federalism

Federal form of government. Federal government is sovereign over states.

Victor Emmanuel II

First King of United Italy

Sir Robert Walpole

First Prime Minister of England

Kaiser Wilhelm I

First leader of United Germany

Henry IV

First protestant leader in France. Takes the throne from the Medici Family.

Peace of Versailles

Following WWI: Freedom of the seas, reduction of arms, open treaty negotiations, self determination of peoples, league of nations

second abdication

Following the Battle of Waterloo, Napoleon is abdicated to St. Helena where he lives out the remainer of his life.

Council on Foreign Relations

Founded in 1921, is a United States nonprofit think tank specializing in U.S. foreign policy and international affairs.

William Booth

Founder of the Salvation Army

Quintuple Alliance

France must remain a great power (PEARF)

Checks on Power

France under Louis XIV: Church, Nobility, Representative Bodies

Jean-Baptiste Colbert

France under Louis XIV: Tries to get as much tax out of the people as possible without ensuing rebellion.

Battle of Sedan

German war with France. Capture Napoleon III

Unrestricted Submarine Warfare

Germany declares. Most influencial factor leading to U.S. involvement.

Zimmerman Note

Germany proposes an alliance with Mexico.

Central Powers

Germany, Austria-Hungary, Ottoman Empire

Otto Von Bismarck

Goal is a strong, unified German state under Prussian dominance. wanted state socialism. Foreign policy was "blood and iron"

George Whitefield

Greatest orators in American history

The National Razor

Guillotine. 35000+ Right wing conservatives are executed.

Committee of Public Safety

Has the power to suppress counter revolutionary activity by any means possible.

George Muller

Helped orphans

Battle of Trafalgar

Horatio Nelson leads British navy to defeat Napoleon's forces.

John Wesley

Influenced by Moravians. Reforms the slave trade.

Salutary Neglect

Introduced by George II towards America. As long as funds are generated, the country is free to do as they please.

Albert Einstein

Introduces Relativity. Not Relativism.

John Howard

Introduces prison reform.

Flying Shuttle

It allowed a single weaver to weave much wider fabrics, and it could be mechanized, allowing for automatic machine looms.

Mazzini

Italian Nationalist. Started Young Italy

Lord Castlereagh

Key diplomat at the Congress of Vienna

Louis XVI

King at the start of the French Revolution. Supported American independence.

King Francis Joseph I

King of Austria-Hungary during the Dual monarchy.

Queen Anne

Last of the Stuart line of kings.

Isaac Newton

Laws of Motion. Rational view of the universe

William Gladstone

Leader of the liberal party. Elected prime minister 4 times.

Bernardo O'Higgins

Liberates Chile

French Motto

Liberty, equality, fraternity, or death.

The Sun King

Louis XIV, Absolutist king. Built the Pallace of Versailles

Tennis Court Oath

Louis XVI locks the assembly out of Versailles. National Assembly pledges not to adjourn until a constitution is enacted.

Brunswick Manifesto

Louis will be restored to power or paris will be destroyed.

Reform act of 1832

Lowered the property requirements to vote. 5/6ths were still not able to vote.

The Red Baron

Manfred von Richthofen. 80 air combat victories

St. Bartholomew's day massacre

Mass murder caused by religious conflict

David Livingston

Missionary and explorer in Africa

Rosseau

Most important figure in the enlightenment. Reality is determined by emotions. The idea of general will is his most important contribution.

Archduke Maximilian of Austria

Napoleon III of France supplied him with troops to takeover Mexico.

first abdication

Napoleon is exiled to Elba.

Battle of Austerlitz

Napoleon's greatest victory. Europe asks for peace.

Imperialism

National rivalry goes global

Provisional Government

National workshops, state sponsored, but public controlled. Government work programs.

Revolutionary Nationalism

Nations must fight to be at the top. Replaces Religion.

Age of Absolutism

Never again will the kingdom of France feel the need to rebel

Jacobins

Opposed the monarchy. Most radical faction

Philipp Spencer

Organized the assemblies of Piety.

Lusitania

Passanger ship sunk by german U-boat

Jonathan Edwards

Preached Sinners in the hands of an Angry God.

The Fronde

Prequel to the French Revolution. "the sling"

Civil Constitution of the Clergy

Priests must take oaths of allegiance to the nation.

Cecil Rhodes

Prime Minister of Cape Colony in Australia. Wanted the empire to stretch from Cape Town to Ciaro.

Prince of Diplomats

Prince von Metternich of Austria, Congress of Vienna.

Louis Napoleon

Proclaimed himself Napoleon III of France and declared the Second Empire in 1852.

War with Denmark

Prussia and Austria fight for the territories of Schleistig and Holstein

Holy Alliance

Prussia, Austria, Russia (PAR)

Goals of Vienna

Reinstate Monarchies, Encircle France, Compensate land loss, Establish balance of power.

Treaty of Brest-Litovsk

Removed Russia from the war. Russa cedes territory to Germany.

Triple Entente

Russia, England, France

Count Cavour

Sardinian Diplomat. Assisted England and France during the Crimean war.

The Enlightenment

Scientific revolution of the 17th century. Science is seen as a way to reform society.

The Black Hand

Serbian Nationalists, attempted assassination of Archduke Ferdinand and Sofia.

Charles II

Signs the Treaty of Dover which states that catholicism will be accepted in England forever.

1815-1848

The Age of Metternich, great success.

James Madison

The Father of the Constitution

Triple Alliance

The Great War: Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy

Simon Bolivar

The Liberator of latin and south america

Voltaire

The enlightenment. Rationalist. Deist. God does not interfere with the afairs of man.

Concert of Europe

The great powers would informally work together to maintain the status quo.

Unification of Germany

The single most important political development in Europe between 1848 and 1914.

Order of French Assembly

Third Estate, National Assembly, Legislative Assembly, National Convention.

Conservatism

Tradition, institutions, aristocracy. Apposes liberal reform, popular government, and nationalism

Nicholas I

Tsar of Russia, assisted the counter-revolution

Charles X

Tyranical king. Replaced by Louis Philippe at the July Revolution of 1830

Adam Smith

Victorian Era: Writes Wealth of Nations.

Archduke Maximilian

Would-be emperor of Mexico, executed by Mexican nationals

Montesquieu

Wrote The Spirit of Laws about the science of government. Groundbreaking writer of the enlightenment.

Separation of Powers

an act of vesting the legislative, executive, and judicial powers of government in separate bodies.

Frankfurt Parliament

drafted a constitution for a unified Germany in 1848.