HI 102 Goodson Midterm
Florence Nightingale
"Lady with the Lamp" Crimean War. Began the Nursing profession
HG Wells
"Little triumphs are the prelude to disaster"
Oliver Cromwell
"Lord Protector" of England after Charles I's execution. Strict puritanical rule.
Robespierre
"The Incorruptible". Radical leader of the committee of public safety.
Sans Culottes
"without breeches" Working class that became the radicalizing force of the revolution.
Charles I
11 year tyranny. Forces nobles to loan him funds, and imprisons them if they request payment. First king to be executed by his own people.
Edict of Nantes
1598, provided for toleration of Huguenots in some French towns. Revoked under Louis XIV.
Glorious Revolution
1688: Bloodless transition of power between James I of England and William and Mary.
The Assembly of Notables
1787: Louis XVI asks for taxes from church leaders. They decline.
September Massacre
1792, French republic is proclaimed.
Monroe Doctrine
1823: Europe must stay out of western affairs.
July Revolution
1830: Louis Philippe takes the throne. Citizen king, Constitutional Monarch
British North America Act
1867, allows Canada to run her own affairs.
Third French Republic
1871: Paris commune comes to power. Marxism is introduced.
WWI Casualties
38 Million
The Schliefen Plan
A war-winning offensive, in a one-front war against the French Third Republic from 1905-06.
Henry Bessemer
Age of Industry. English. Discovered an inexpensive process for converting iron to steel by using air currents. Bessemer Process.
George W. Carver
Agricultural scientist during the time of WWI
Edward Mandal House
American diplomat, politician, and an adviser to President Woodrow Wilson.
Gavrilo Princip
Assassinated Archduke Ferdinand and Sofia. Part of the black Hand
Henry Ford
Assembly line/Model T
Lord Ashley
Assists in Child Labor Reform
Quadruple alliance
Austria, Prussia, Russia, England (PEAR)
Battle of Leipzig
Battle of Nations. Napoleon is defeated.
Bastille
Beginning of the french revolution. All defenders lie dead.
James I
Begins the Stuart line of Kings. Divine Right of Kings. Puritains "Harry them out of the land." Jamestown.
Friedrich Schleirmacher
Believed in Higher Criticism. Ideas, not words. The Bible becomes irrelevant in society.
Emmanuel Kant
Believed in morality without Christianity. Categorical Imperative
Karl Marx
Believed that England was ripe for proletarian revolution.
GWF Hegel
Believed that conflict produces progress. Thesis/Antithesis=synthesis
Battle of Plassey
Britain allows East India Company to run India
WWI Triple Entente
Britain, France, Russia
Allied Powers
Britain, France, Russia, Italy
Sepoy Rebellion
Caused by disregard for religious ideals. British government takes over India.
The French Revolution
Caused by intellectual vanguard and inequality. Estates: Clergy, nobility, everyone else (97%).
Geribaldi
Commander of the Red Shirts, political group desiring nationalism in italy.
Austrian Domination
Congress of Vienna established Austria as the dominant German state.
Congress of Vienna
Conveined after Napoleonic wars. Russia: Czar Alexander, Britain: Lord Castlereagh, France: Talleyrand, Austria: Metternich
Benjamin Disraeli
Convinces Victoria to declare herself the empress of India, Egypt, Suez Canal
Louis Blans
Democratic Socialist. Said, "From each according to abilities, to each according to his needs."
Ferdinand Von Zeppelin
Derigible
Yellow Fever Vaccine
Developed by Walter Reed and William Gorgas
William Wilberforce
Eliminates the slave trade in Britain
17th Amendment
Establishes rules of Senate.
Fabian Socialism
Evolutionary socialism. Purpose is to advance the principles of democratic socialism via gradualist and reformist effort in democracies, rather than by revolutionary overthrow.
Adoniram Judson
Father of American Missions. Missionary to Burma
William Carrey
Father of Modern Missions. Missionary in India
Samuel De Champlain
Father of New France (Quebec)
Federalism
Federal form of government. Federal government is sovereign over states.
Victor Emmanuel II
First King of United Italy
Sir Robert Walpole
First Prime Minister of England
Kaiser Wilhelm I
First leader of United Germany
Henry IV
First protestant leader in France. Takes the throne from the Medici Family.
Peace of Versailles
Following WWI: Freedom of the seas, reduction of arms, open treaty negotiations, self determination of peoples, league of nations
second abdication
Following the Battle of Waterloo, Napoleon is abdicated to St. Helena where he lives out the remainer of his life.
Council on Foreign Relations
Founded in 1921, is a United States nonprofit think tank specializing in U.S. foreign policy and international affairs.
William Booth
Founder of the Salvation Army
Quintuple Alliance
France must remain a great power (PEARF)
Checks on Power
France under Louis XIV: Church, Nobility, Representative Bodies
Jean-Baptiste Colbert
France under Louis XIV: Tries to get as much tax out of the people as possible without ensuing rebellion.
Battle of Sedan
German war with France. Capture Napoleon III
Unrestricted Submarine Warfare
Germany declares. Most influencial factor leading to U.S. involvement.
Zimmerman Note
Germany proposes an alliance with Mexico.
Central Powers
Germany, Austria-Hungary, Ottoman Empire
Otto Von Bismarck
Goal is a strong, unified German state under Prussian dominance. wanted state socialism. Foreign policy was "blood and iron"
George Whitefield
Greatest orators in American history
The National Razor
Guillotine. 35000+ Right wing conservatives are executed.
Committee of Public Safety
Has the power to suppress counter revolutionary activity by any means possible.
George Muller
Helped orphans
Battle of Trafalgar
Horatio Nelson leads British navy to defeat Napoleon's forces.
John Wesley
Influenced by Moravians. Reforms the slave trade.
Salutary Neglect
Introduced by George II towards America. As long as funds are generated, the country is free to do as they please.
Albert Einstein
Introduces Relativity. Not Relativism.
John Howard
Introduces prison reform.
Flying Shuttle
It allowed a single weaver to weave much wider fabrics, and it could be mechanized, allowing for automatic machine looms.
Mazzini
Italian Nationalist. Started Young Italy
Lord Castlereagh
Key diplomat at the Congress of Vienna
Louis XVI
King at the start of the French Revolution. Supported American independence.
King Francis Joseph I
King of Austria-Hungary during the Dual monarchy.
Queen Anne
Last of the Stuart line of kings.
Isaac Newton
Laws of Motion. Rational view of the universe
William Gladstone
Leader of the liberal party. Elected prime minister 4 times.
Bernardo O'Higgins
Liberates Chile
French Motto
Liberty, equality, fraternity, or death.
The Sun King
Louis XIV, Absolutist king. Built the Pallace of Versailles
Tennis Court Oath
Louis XVI locks the assembly out of Versailles. National Assembly pledges not to adjourn until a constitution is enacted.
Brunswick Manifesto
Louis will be restored to power or paris will be destroyed.
Reform act of 1832
Lowered the property requirements to vote. 5/6ths were still not able to vote.
The Red Baron
Manfred von Richthofen. 80 air combat victories
St. Bartholomew's day massacre
Mass murder caused by religious conflict
David Livingston
Missionary and explorer in Africa
Rosseau
Most important figure in the enlightenment. Reality is determined by emotions. The idea of general will is his most important contribution.
Archduke Maximilian of Austria
Napoleon III of France supplied him with troops to takeover Mexico.
first abdication
Napoleon is exiled to Elba.
Battle of Austerlitz
Napoleon's greatest victory. Europe asks for peace.
Imperialism
National rivalry goes global
Provisional Government
National workshops, state sponsored, but public controlled. Government work programs.
Revolutionary Nationalism
Nations must fight to be at the top. Replaces Religion.
Age of Absolutism
Never again will the kingdom of France feel the need to rebel
Jacobins
Opposed the monarchy. Most radical faction
Philipp Spencer
Organized the assemblies of Piety.
Lusitania
Passanger ship sunk by german U-boat
Jonathan Edwards
Preached Sinners in the hands of an Angry God.
The Fronde
Prequel to the French Revolution. "the sling"
Civil Constitution of the Clergy
Priests must take oaths of allegiance to the nation.
Cecil Rhodes
Prime Minister of Cape Colony in Australia. Wanted the empire to stretch from Cape Town to Ciaro.
Prince of Diplomats
Prince von Metternich of Austria, Congress of Vienna.
Louis Napoleon
Proclaimed himself Napoleon III of France and declared the Second Empire in 1852.
War with Denmark
Prussia and Austria fight for the territories of Schleistig and Holstein
Holy Alliance
Prussia, Austria, Russia (PAR)
Goals of Vienna
Reinstate Monarchies, Encircle France, Compensate land loss, Establish balance of power.
Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
Removed Russia from the war. Russa cedes territory to Germany.
Triple Entente
Russia, England, France
Count Cavour
Sardinian Diplomat. Assisted England and France during the Crimean war.
The Enlightenment
Scientific revolution of the 17th century. Science is seen as a way to reform society.
The Black Hand
Serbian Nationalists, attempted assassination of Archduke Ferdinand and Sofia.
Charles II
Signs the Treaty of Dover which states that catholicism will be accepted in England forever.
1815-1848
The Age of Metternich, great success.
James Madison
The Father of the Constitution
Triple Alliance
The Great War: Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy
Simon Bolivar
The Liberator of latin and south america
Voltaire
The enlightenment. Rationalist. Deist. God does not interfere with the afairs of man.
Concert of Europe
The great powers would informally work together to maintain the status quo.
Unification of Germany
The single most important political development in Europe between 1848 and 1914.
Order of French Assembly
Third Estate, National Assembly, Legislative Assembly, National Convention.
Conservatism
Tradition, institutions, aristocracy. Apposes liberal reform, popular government, and nationalism
Nicholas I
Tsar of Russia, assisted the counter-revolution
Charles X
Tyranical king. Replaced by Louis Philippe at the July Revolution of 1830
Adam Smith
Victorian Era: Writes Wealth of Nations.
Archduke Maximilian
Would-be emperor of Mexico, executed by Mexican nationals
Montesquieu
Wrote The Spirit of Laws about the science of government. Groundbreaking writer of the enlightenment.
Separation of Powers
an act of vesting the legislative, executive, and judicial powers of government in separate bodies.
Frankfurt Parliament
drafted a constitution for a unified Germany in 1848.