HIS 111 5.1
DEFINE: Pax Romana
"Roman peace," the stability and prosperity that Roman rule brought to the Mediterranean world and much of western Europe during the first and second centuries C.E.
Which Roman general seized Rome itself in 82 BCE after the council of the plebs tried to transfer command of war to another general?
(Lucius Cornelius) Sulla
How many consuls were chosen annually to administer the government and lead the army in battle?
2 consuls
Rome's Empire was built in _____ stages.
3
The territory of Carthage became a Roman province called....
Africa
Constantine's "New Rome" was established at the site of ancient
Byzantium
The first Christian Emperor of the Roman Empire was
Constantine
Who was considered the Greatest of Carthaginian generals?
Hannibal
Which Roman general recruited his armies differently: by recruiting both urban and rural volunteers and having volunteers swear oaths to the general rather than the state
Marius
Merchants were more highly regarded in....: Han China or the Roman Empire
Roman Empire
DEFINE: Tribunes of the plebs
Roman officials given the power to protect plebeians against arrest by patrician magistrates
Who won the third Punic War?
Rome / The Romans
Who won the second Punic War?
Rome /The romans
What happened in the 1st Punic War?
Rome conquered Sicily
What happened to the Carthaginian people after the third Punic War?
Sold into slavery
Which Roman general would present an example of using an army to seize power that would prove most attractive to ambitious men?
Sulla (Lucius Cornelius)
The punic wars involved which 2 parties?
The Romans and the Carthaginians (Rome and Carthage)
DEFINE: natural law
a body of laws or specific principles held to be derived from nature and binding on all human society even in the absence of positive laws
Signs of Roman decline were manifested by
a series of Germanic barbarian invasions
What were the 4 successes resulting from the struggles between plebeians and patricians [in the ROMAN] republic?
creation of the council of the plebs, intermarriage rights between classes, permission for the plebeians to become consuls, creation of the tribunes of the plebs
The Gracchus brothers noted that the decline of the small farmer contributed to.... (HINT: what 2 social/economic crises)
declining numbers of men available for military service, and a large, urban class of landless poor
Crassus was killed in battle, Caesar defeated Pompey and was later assassinated, Octavian defeated Antony, who committed suicide, and Octavian attained sole power and was named Augustus. As a result of the preceding, the traditional roman republic
ended
A fundamental difference between the Roman Empire and China's Han Empire was that
essentials of the Han empire were replicated by later dynasties, but the Roman empire disappeared except as an idea
DEFINE: imperialism
expansion of one's kingdom either via diplomacy or through military conquest
(T/F): During the Imperial era, the city of Rome became so prosperous that the gap between rich and poor narrowed, and tax revenue rose to produce a net gain for the government
false
(T/F): Rome was known for its military and political prowess but is not well regarded by historians in terms of its architecture and engineering
false
(T/F): The First Punic War discouraged the Romans from developing their naval power
false
(T/F): The First Punic War resulted from a Roman invasion of Span
false
(T/F): The First Punic War was begun with an attack by Hannibal.
false
(T/F): The First Punic War was caused by a Macedonian assault on Sicily
false
(T/F): Upper-class Roman women in the Early Empire had the right to participate in politics
false
DEFINE: patricians
great landowners who became the ruling class in the Roman republic (descendants of the original senators appointed during the period of the kings)
Early Roman legends and tales were...
incorporated into Livy's historical accounts to teach moral values and virtues
DEFINE: latifundia
large, landed estates in the Roman Empire - used slave labor
DEFINE: imperator
latin for commander in chief
During its Imperial era, Roman women had _______ rights and freedoms compared to the republican era
more
One of the major contributions that ancient Rome made to civilization was its system of law. Building on the principle that laws should be universal, like that of Rome's law of ___________, an ideal emerged that such universal laws should be formed on the basis of reason.
nations
Roman society was centered on the family, at the head of which was the_________
paterfamilias
The Roman general Marius recruited his armies differently, and he also paid his volunteers with:
property and land
Sicily became the first Roman
province
DEFINE: consuls
the chief executive officers of the Roman Republic; chosen to administer government and to lead the army into battle
DEFINE: centuriate assembly
the chief popular assembly of the roman republic. passed laws and elected the chief magistrates
DEFINE: plebeians
the class of Roman citizens who included nonpatrician landowners, craftspeople, merchants, and small farmers.
What were the 3 stages of the construction of Rome's Empire?
the conquest of Italy, the conflict with Carthage (and expansion into the Western Mediterranean), and the domination of the Hellenistic kingdoms in the Eastern Mediterranean
Tiberius and Gaius Gracchus believed that the underlying cause of Rome's problems was
the decline of the small farmer
DEFINE: paterfamilias
the dominant male, the head of a family unit
DEFINE: praetorian guard
the military unit that served as the personal bodyguard of the Roman emperors
Who's struggle for equal rights dominated much of the Roman Republic's history?
the plebeians
DEFINE: praetors
the two senior Roman judges, who had executive authority when the consuls were away from the city and could also lead armies
(T/F): In much the same way as the Germanic invasions crippled the Western Roman Empire, the Han Dynasty suffered from the incursion of the nomadic Xiongnu from central asia
true
(T/F): Roman art, such as that discovered by archaeologists at Pompeii and Herculaneum, is noted for its landscapes and portraits that feature intense, often disturbing, realism
true
(T/F): The First Punic War was waged between Carthage and Rome over the island of Sicily
true
(T/F): Upper-class Roman women in the Early Empire had the right to own, inherit, and dispose of property
true
(T/F): the rise of the latifundia contributed to a decline in the number of small farmers
true