HIS 111 5.1

DEFINE: Pax Romana

"Roman peace," the stability and prosperity that Roman rule brought to the Mediterranean world and much of western Europe during the first and second centuries C.E.

Which Roman general seized Rome itself in 82 BCE after the council of the plebs tried to transfer command of war to another general?

(Lucius Cornelius) Sulla

How many consuls were chosen annually to administer the government and lead the army in battle?

2 consuls

Rome's Empire was built in _____ stages.

3

The territory of Carthage became a Roman province called....

Africa

Constantine's "New Rome" was established at the site of ancient

Byzantium

The first Christian Emperor of the Roman Empire was

Constantine

Who was considered the Greatest of Carthaginian generals?

Hannibal

Which Roman general recruited his armies differently: by recruiting both urban and rural volunteers and having volunteers swear oaths to the general rather than the state

Marius

Merchants were more highly regarded in....: Han China or the Roman Empire

Roman Empire

DEFINE: Tribunes of the plebs

Roman officials given the power to protect plebeians against arrest by patrician magistrates

Who won the third Punic War?

Rome / The Romans

Who won the second Punic War?

Rome /The romans

What happened in the 1st Punic War?

Rome conquered Sicily

What happened to the Carthaginian people after the third Punic War?

Sold into slavery

Which Roman general would present an example of using an army to seize power that would prove most attractive to ambitious men?

Sulla (Lucius Cornelius)

The punic wars involved which 2 parties?

The Romans and the Carthaginians (Rome and Carthage)

DEFINE: natural law

a body of laws or specific principles held to be derived from nature and binding on all human society even in the absence of positive laws

Signs of Roman decline were manifested by

a series of Germanic barbarian invasions

What were the 4 successes resulting from the struggles between plebeians and patricians [in the ROMAN] republic?

creation of the council of the plebs, intermarriage rights between classes, permission for the plebeians to become consuls, creation of the tribunes of the plebs

The Gracchus brothers noted that the decline of the small farmer contributed to.... (HINT: what 2 social/economic crises)

declining numbers of men available for military service, and a large, urban class of landless poor

Crassus was killed in battle, Caesar defeated Pompey and was later assassinated, Octavian defeated Antony, who committed suicide, and Octavian attained sole power and was named Augustus. As a result of the preceding, the traditional roman republic

ended

A fundamental difference between the Roman Empire and China's Han Empire was that

essentials of the Han empire were replicated by later dynasties, but the Roman empire disappeared except as an idea

DEFINE: imperialism

expansion of one's kingdom either via diplomacy or through military conquest

(T/F): During the Imperial era, the city of Rome became so prosperous that the gap between rich and poor narrowed, and tax revenue rose to produce a net gain for the government

false

(T/F): Rome was known for its military and political prowess but is not well regarded by historians in terms of its architecture and engineering

false

(T/F): The First Punic War discouraged the Romans from developing their naval power

false

(T/F): The First Punic War resulted from a Roman invasion of Span

false

(T/F): The First Punic War was begun with an attack by Hannibal.

false

(T/F): The First Punic War was caused by a Macedonian assault on Sicily

false

(T/F): Upper-class Roman women in the Early Empire had the right to participate in politics

false

DEFINE: patricians

great landowners who became the ruling class in the Roman republic (descendants of the original senators appointed during the period of the kings)

Early Roman legends and tales were...

incorporated into Livy's historical accounts to teach moral values and virtues

DEFINE: latifundia

large, landed estates in the Roman Empire - used slave labor

DEFINE: imperator

latin for commander in chief

During its Imperial era, Roman women had _______ rights and freedoms compared to the republican era

more

One of the major contributions that ancient Rome made to civilization was its system of law. Building on the principle that laws should be universal, like that of Rome's law of ___________, an ideal emerged that such universal laws should be formed on the basis of reason.

nations

Roman society was centered on the family, at the head of which was the_________

paterfamilias

The Roman general Marius recruited his armies differently, and he also paid his volunteers with:

property and land

Sicily became the first Roman

province

DEFINE: consuls

the chief executive officers of the Roman Republic; chosen to administer government and to lead the army into battle

DEFINE: centuriate assembly

the chief popular assembly of the roman republic. passed laws and elected the chief magistrates

DEFINE: plebeians

the class of Roman citizens who included nonpatrician landowners, craftspeople, merchants, and small farmers.

What were the 3 stages of the construction of Rome's Empire?

the conquest of Italy, the conflict with Carthage (and expansion into the Western Mediterranean), and the domination of the Hellenistic kingdoms in the Eastern Mediterranean

Tiberius and Gaius Gracchus believed that the underlying cause of Rome's problems was

the decline of the small farmer

DEFINE: paterfamilias

the dominant male, the head of a family unit

DEFINE: praetorian guard

the military unit that served as the personal bodyguard of the Roman emperors

Who's struggle for equal rights dominated much of the Roman Republic's history?

the plebeians

DEFINE: praetors

the two senior Roman judges, who had executive authority when the consuls were away from the city and could also lead armies

(T/F): In much the same way as the Germanic invasions crippled the Western Roman Empire, the Han Dynasty suffered from the incursion of the nomadic Xiongnu from central asia

true

(T/F): Roman art, such as that discovered by archaeologists at Pompeii and Herculaneum, is noted for its landscapes and portraits that feature intense, often disturbing, realism

true

(T/F): The First Punic War was waged between Carthage and Rome over the island of Sicily

true

(T/F): Upper-class Roman women in the Early Empire had the right to own, inherit, and dispose of property

true

(T/F): the rise of the latifundia contributed to a decline in the number of small farmers

true