HIST 10 CH. 2

Juan Ponce de Leon landed in what is now the state of ____ on the North American continent

florida

The competition between Protestants and Catholics in the 16th century in the New World led to....

the founding of Spanish Florida to counteract the threat of French Protestants

What best describes rival European powers' response to Spanish successes in the New World?

they took little action during most of the 16th century

In order to obtain trading privileges, the Portuguese had to pay ______ or taxes to African leaders

tribute

What was the first continent to experience Europe's expansionist activities?

Africa

By the late 15th century, the focal point of European sugar production shifted to the Azores and other islands in the eastern _______ ocean that were noted for their rich, volcanic soil.

Atlantic

The wealthiest and most advanced country in the WORLD in the mid-fifteenth century was....

China

The European trend toward the expansion of royal power began in...

France, Spain and England

What best summarizes the Calvinist belief in predestination?

God has already chosen, or predestined, certain people for salvation

Ferdinand and Isabella agreed to support to support the voyage of columbus after they completed the Reconquista, which was achieved when they took the kingdom of _____ in 1492

Granada

Vasco da Gama was the first European explorer to reach ____ by sea

India

The dominant Islamic empire during the 14th and 15th centuries was the _____

Ottoman Empire

Prince Henry the Navigator of _____ was the driing force of his kingdom's overseas ventures in the 15th century.

Portugal

The Christian conflict in Europe known as the _______ embroiled European kingdoms in disputes that distracted them from schemes of colonization and conquest.

Protestant Reformation

One of the advantages that allowed the Spanish to intimidate and eventually defeat the Aztecs was....

advanced metal weaponry

The Spanish empire in the New World was governed primarily by...

bureaucrats

Changes in the European banking and financial system helped create a pool of ____________, which in turn catalyzed trading ventures and overseas expansion.

capital

New ships called _____ allowed the Portuguese to sail down AFrica's western coast with greater speed.

caravels

one of the consequences of Hernan de Soto's venture into North America was the...

decentralization of native chiefdoms

One of the lasting consequences of the Protestant Reformation was that...

it led to religious divisions also known as schisms.

Sugar was difficult to produce for all of the following reasons except....

it only grew on tropical islands

The cruelties of the Spanish fueled the belief that the American Indians would welcome the English as...

liberators

After creating the Church of England, King Henry VIII made the shrewd political decision to....

name himself the head of the church

What was NOT a major reason for early Spanish explorers' interest in the lands and peoples of the New World?

opportunities to develop trade relationships with the natives

Two members of the 1584 expedition to Virginia produced a text that

served as a key source of information on North America and its people.

Much of Spain's imperial wealth came from ____ mines in Mexico and Peru

silver

What killed the most American Indians in the early years of European colonization?

smallpox

In addition to exploring Peru, Hernan de Soto led an expedition through what is now...

southeastern U.S.

When Portuguese explorers reached the Atlantic coast of central and sourther Africa, they found...

strong African kingdoms

According to John Calvin, the achievement of success in one's wildly calling indicated...

the bestowal of God's favor

The English justified their conquest of neighboring lands by arguing that...

their civilization and Protestant religion were superior.

What best explains why royal geographers in Portugal rejected Columbus's plan for a westward voyage?

they knew that the earth was round but believed that it was much larger than Columbus estimated

What is true about Europe in the 14th and 15th centuries?

- Europe had high levels of infant mortality due to undernourishment and disease. - Most of Europe's people made their living from the land

What is true about slavery in medieval Europe?

- Slaves were typically female - owning slaves was a status symbol - slaves often came from slavic lands; hence the word slave.

What were some of the things that Europeans introduced to the New World?

- bananas - hogs - horses

What is true about early modern Europe?

- for most people life was brutal, dangerous, and short. - the authority of local lords over their lands was nearly absolute - nobles and aristocrats enjoyed incomes hundreds of times larger than those of commoners

What were some positive results of the bubonic plague?

- increased wages - more available land - lower prices

What is true about the Roanoke Indians and its leader Wingina?

- wingina welcomed friendly relations with the English newcomers and believed it would provide access to their trade and influence - Wingina believed he could exert some control over the English newcomers - Wingina had most likely encountered or heard of Europeans before meeting Walter Raleigh and his fellow travelers in 1584

In 1519 the Spanish conquistador _______ made the first European contact with the Aztecs, who ruled a vast empire in what is now Mexico.

Hernan Cortes

The conquest of which country served as a model for England's colonization of America?

Ireland

What was the primary reason that 12th century European investors moved their sugar plantations to a new location?

Islamic fighters had taken Jerusalem

Unlike the benevolent and merciful God of the reformer______, the God of the theologian John Calvin was omnipotent and controlling/

Martin Luther

Portugal could not colonize the African continent because Africa's kingdoms were highly organized and its....

diseases ravaged settlers

In the eyes of the European explorers, inhabitants of the Caribbean, unlike those in Africa, were....

docile; submissive or ready to accept control

One of Martin Luther's more radical beliefs at the time was that..

everyone should read and interpret the Bible for himself/herself.

the 1578 charter granted Humphrey Gilbert gave him permission to explore America but...

failed to recognize native claims to the land

With whom did the Portuguese establish partnerships in Africa?

high-ranking Africans on the coast

Unlike the first Roanoke expedition, the second one...

included more settlers and better incentives to undertake the journey

During the 13th century one of the ways that the Catholic Church expanded its influence and wealth was through the sale of _______, which promised to shorten the time spent in purgatory after death.

indulgences

Francisco Vazquez de Coronado's expedition to what is now the southwestern United States, undertaken for the purpose of locating vast stores of wealth, resulted in the European discovery of...

the Grand Canyon

Which of the following factors made China a powerful presence in the early modern world?

the demand for Chinese goods