Hist 1001 Ross Test 1

Diaspora

"The scattering"

Agon

"agony" or "struggle"

Exodus

"to exit"

For the Greeks, the polis was what three things?

A built up physical place, a territory, and a political community of citizens

Helots

Captives/slaves

Ark of the Covenant

Container of tablet of the law- the Torah

Nebuchanezzar

Destroyed city (Jerusalem) and Temple

Battle of Salamis

Destruction of Persian navy

Canaan

Homeland of the Hebrews

Time

Honor or worth

What role did Persia play in the Peloponnesian War

It lent naval support to Sparta and financed the continuing Spartan war effort

How did the Lycurgan code of life shape Sparta?

It militarized Spartan society

What was the purpose of the Egyptian Book of the Dead?

It prepared the living for their encounter with the God Orisis after they died

Why should Athenian democracy always be qualified as Athenian democracy?

It was complex and quite difference from democracy today

Papyrus

Paper made from reeds

How did the economic basis of Greek life change during the Dark Age?

The Greeks relied less on sea trading and more on farming

Why did the Persian incorporation of Lydia launch the Persian Wars?

The Persians needed clear access to the Mediterranean Sea

The main religion of the Persian Empire at the time of its invasion of Greece

a dualistic religion eventually systematized by the prophet Zoroaster

The Neolithic period connotes the move to what kind of society?

agricultural

Which of the following best describes tyrants?

autocrats who seized power by force

Mycenae

capital of Agamemnon's kingdom in northern Peloponnesus

Catal Hayuk was a...

community of nearly 1000 rectangular houses in Ahatolia

Aside from Homer's poems, the earliest Greek writing consists of...

curses, official dedications, and lists

What reforms did the statesman solon institute in his attempt to deal with the social tensions in Athens?

debt relief and broader participation of the difference Athenian orders in the political system

Ostracism, which the Athenians introduced during the interwar years (489-481 BCE) was a...

democratic technique for expelling dangerous individuals

The first domesticated animal was the

dog

The Assyrian and Babylonian attacks marked the beginning of the Diaspora or...

emigration of Hebrews from Israel to other lands

Thermoplaye

famous 300 where Spartans help Persians so Athenians could defeat Persians

Herodotus

father of history

Phalanx

fighting formation

Battle of Marathon

first defeat of Persians

Sumer was at the mercy of its

great rivers

The original Egyptian script is called

heiroglyphics

The soldier who stood in line with his fellows in the rectangular formation of infantry was called a

hoplite

Sophicles' Antigoee explores the nature of power and the danger of pride or?

hubris

The Dark Age of Greece is so called because

the Greece of this period left few material traces

What important clue strongly suggests that Homer's poems really culturally belonged to the Greek Dark Age rather than the Mycenaen Era?

the cremation of Homer's heroes

Neolithic Period Dates

10,000 BCE-8,000 BCE

Paleolithic Period Dates

250,000 BCE-10,000 BCE

Heinrich Schliemann

Businessman who wanted to find Troy

Traditionally the first fixed date of ancient Greece is 776 BCE because...

A pan Hellenic festival was convened at Olypmia

Where did our species, homo sapiens sapiens reach its basic form?

Africa

Pericles

Athenian War hero of Thucydides' history he does not make it through the war

Why did the Peloponnesian cities led by Sparta fight Athens in the Peloponnesian War?

Athenian imperialism threatened the city state system in Greece

Year long siege at Syracuse

Athens started to conquer East did not work

What was the great Athenian mistake that led to the Peloponnesian War?

Athens thought it could rise above the balance of powers that produced the polis system of the many Greeces

Delian League

Athens- Big Players Original purpose was to fight Persia Turned into Athens being an imperialistic power

Historical Period Dates

Begins around 3,000 BCE

Why was Egypt more politically stable, confident, and self sufficient than Mesopotamia?

Egypt's geography left it isolated and protected from frequent turmoil

Hieroglyphics

Egyptian form of writing

What is the chief characteristic of the "Mesopotamian model" of civilization?

Empires emerge from important cities dominate and incorporate other cities and lands

Torah

First 5 books of the Hebrew BIble

Sumer/Sumerians

First civilization

Kleos

Glory and honor

Abraham

Had special relationship with God; father of the Hebrews

Rosetta Stone

Helped decipher hieroglyphics

Thucydides

Historian of the Peloponnesian War, wrote the funeral oration

Historiari

History or "to investigate"

For Thucydides, what was the meaning of the Peloponnesian conflict?

History was a contest for power, and the Peloponnesian conflict a case study of its abuse and the dire consequences of bad policies

Ethical Monotheism

One God that cares about people's moral standing

Why did the festival to the god Dionysus in Athens become another opportunity for civil and political discourse?

In the hands of the great playwrights, these tragedies probed universal human problems and under their guise, contemporary Athenian crises

Neolithic Revolution

Invention and discovery of agriculture

Which of the following statements about the Greek alphabet is true?

It appeared early in the 8th century BCE adapted from the Phoenician alphabet

Agamemnon

King of Mycenaen Greeks- Main character in the Illiad and Odyssey

Akhenaten

King who wanted a monotheistic worship of the Sun God

Judges

Leaders who took over after Moses died

King Leonidas

Led 300 Thermopoly

Linear A

Minoan writing system

Tabernacle

Moving temple where ark was carried

Linear B

Mycenaens writing system

Nile Valley

Narrow bend in midst of desert

In Mesopotamian society, writing was a tool that empowered...

Priests and rulers

King Cyrus of Persia

Rebuilt the temple

Hammurabi's Code of Law

Set of rules and penalties

What happened after the cities of Mycenaen Greece were attacked and destroyed?

Some people still lived in the same locations, but not in the same style

At the battle of Marathon in 490 BCE...

Ten thousand heavily armed Athenian hoplites defeated the Persian force

After the death of King Solomon...

The kingdom was divided into two independent kingdoms

Why was Europe well behind the Near East culturally and economically?

The warmer Fertile Crescent blossomed while Europe still felt the effects of the Ice Age

Why was there a rise in blood feuds between families in Greece after the time of the Mycenaens?

There were few economic outlets and no larger governments or legal systems

Why did the Hebrew civilization endure and remain largely immune to assimilation unlike the other civilizations of the early ancient world?

They developed a singular religious identity and core beliefs

Why were archaic greek institutions like the Olympic Games or the sanctuary of the god Apollo at Delphi so important?

They meditated local differences between rivals, for the Greeks were deeply divided

What was the purpose of the building of the pyramids?

They were tombs for rulers, to receive their bodies for the journey to the after life

Cuneiform

Type of writing Sumerians used

Arete

Virtue or excellence

Battle of Platea

last major battle of Persian War Ultimate victory over Persians

The most celebrated document to survive from the reign of Hammurabi is his famous...

law code

Lycurgus

legendary law giver that gave a Utopian society

European hunter-gatherers of the period from about 35000 to 15000 years ago began to produce

objects with symbolic meaning

In what ways did Greece remake itself locally after the Mycenaens?

powerful extended families established themselves

The Athenian demosheld Pericles in high esteem because he

provided jobs, food, and diversion, and stroked their pride in their polis

The Epic of Gilgamesh is not only the world's first great literary work, but an example of the meshing of...

royal and religious persons

Hoplites

soldiers

Herodotus indirectly warned Athens about the dangers of

straying beyond its native land

By studying Indo-European words, scholars have concluded...

that the original Indo-European speakers came from a northern region

The wealth of the Mycenaens came primarily from

trade and war

The great epic poems, the Illiad and Odessey...

were retelling of older oral stories from the preceding Mycenaen Age

Why was God's renewal of the covenant with the Hebrews a defining moment in Jewish religious history?

with it the Hebrews had their own legally based and religiously sanctioned legal and moral code