HIST 1301 CHAPTER 3

Which of the following are effects of the failed promises of the indentured labor system in the Chesapeake?

- A large, rootless population of young single men became a source of social unrest. - Many former servants found themselves without land, jobs, or prospects.

Causes of population increase in seventeenth-century English North America include which of the following?

- African slaves - natural increase among the English - European immigration

The first major American religious revival, the ___ ___ occurred in the 1730s and 1740s.

African Americans had virtually no access to education. Colonial society instituted social sanctions to discourage any type of education for African Americans.

Which statement about Cotton Mather and his smallpox inoculation efforts is not correct?

By supporting inoculation, Mather signified his disbelief in the idea of disease as a punishment for sin.

Among the secular institutions of higher learning in colonial America was King's College, later renamed

Columbia

Match the colonial college with its description.

Harvard-the first American college William and Mary-institution established by Anglicans in Williamsburg, Virginia Yale-university founded by Congregationalists Princeton-university that emerged out of the Great Awakening as the College of New Jersey

Which statement about provincial governors is correct?

Their influence was limited.

Which of the following did the Enlightenment and the Great Awakening have in common?

They helped undermine the power of traditional authority.

Which of the following best describes the religion practiced by most African slaves?

a blend of African religions with Christianity and Judaism

Colonial Americans placed high value on education despite

a limited amount of available time for education.

Prior to the start of the Great Awakening, there was worry that American society was

adopting a more secular outlook.

When did the demand for slave labor in North America begin?

almost from the very beginning of settlement

The most vigorous promoters of science and scientific knowledge in colonial America were

amateur scientists.

Aside from the Bible, the most popular book among colonial families was

an almanac.

Which of the following are reasons why colonial assemblies formed?

because royal government was so far away to run the political affairs of local communities

In colonial New England, "selectmen" were

church members who ran the town's affairs.

The growth of eighteenth-century consumerism was partly the result of the increasing division of colonial societies by

class

Upon a husband's death, wives in the colonies

could inherit and hold property.

Each new settlement in colonial New England drew up a ______ to formalize settlers' commitment to unity and harmony.

covenant

The Great Awakening occurred as a result of concerns over

declining piety.

What is not one of the basic teachings of the Enlightenment?

faith is essential and miracles are real

In the early seventeenth century, Enlightenment ideas in America were

largely borrowed from Europe.

The most well-known almanac of colonial times _____ _____was Almanac, published by Benjamin Franklin.

poor richard's

The natural increases in population in the colonies in the seventeenth century

reflected a steady improvement in the balance between men and women.

For the most part, seventeenth-century colonial plantations were

relatively small and unsophisticated.

To pay for goods, colonial merchants

relied on barter or money substitutes.

The focus of the Great Awakening was ______, while the focus of the Enlightenment was ______.

religious faith; reason

Of the six colleges in operation by 1763, all but two were established by

religious groups.

To adapt to the challenges of life in the colonies, Americans quickly adopted an attitude of

religious tolerance.

What was the most important source of population increase in New England after the 1650s?

reproduction

When the Revolutionary crisis began to build in the 1760s and 1770s, it originated in the cities, because cities were

the centers of intellectual ideas and discussions.

For Africans bound for slave markets in the Americas, the "middle passage" was

the journey to the New World.

Which of the following best accounts for the smaller slave population in the eighteenth-century North?

the lack of a plantation-based economy

Slaves were most likely to develop a society and culture of their own when

they lived in larger communities.

Which practice was adopted by the American legal system from the English system?

trial by jury

Which statement regarding birth and mortality rates in the Chesapeake during the 1600s is not correct?

The population declined due to high mortality, low birth rate, and low life expectancy.

What was the state of commerce in colonial America?

There was relatively little industry in America in the eighteenth century.

True or false: An unmarried colonial woman could enter into a contract on her own, but she lost that legal right upon marriage.

True

True or false: The mid-eighteenth-century colonial merchant class took advantage of protections from foreign competition under the British Navigation Acts while also illegally developing markets outside the British Empire.

True

True or false: The term "triangular trade" is inaccurate because the "triangle" had more than three points.

True

Which best describes life expectancy and marriage in the seventeenth-century Chesapeake?

Women tended to outlive their husbands because they married at a younger age.

Slaves first became generally available in North America when

a commerce in slaves between southern colonies and the Caribbean developed.

What did not cause the rise of an entrepreneurial merchant class in colonial America?

a concerted effort by Parliament to foster such a class

The flow of immigrants from England to the American colonies declined in the early eighteenth century because of

better economic conditions in England.

When balancing the four "humors," male physicians mostly practiced

bleeding.

New England towns were typically built around a ______, or central pasture.

common

The practice of medicine in the seventeenth century was

derived from the theory of "humoralism."

Most northern colonists supported themselves economically, at least partially, by

engaging in home-based industries.

The ___ was an eighteenth-century movement that celebrated human reason and scientific inquiry.

enlightenment

A balanced sex ratio was important in the colonies because

growth in the number of women led to growth in the number of families and births.

Under the principle of coverture, colonial women

had their legal rights assumed by their husbands.

Which of the following were causes of social strain in the Puritan community?

increased commercialization population growth

At least three-quarters of the immigrants to the Chesapeake in the seventeenth century were

indentured servants.

The growth of consumerism in the American colonies during the eighteenth century was part of a larger

industrial revolution.

Most of the early English settlers in the North American colonies were

laborers.

Upon arrival in the New World, most African slaves

landed in the Caribbean, Brazil, or territories of the Spanish Empire.

Americans who responded to the Great Awakening were moved by the belief that everyone had the potential to

make a break with the past and start a new life.

During colonial times, a relatively large number of women entered the medical profession as

midwives.

Compared to in the Chesapeake, the sex ratio in New England was

more balanced.

As compared to British society, in America there was

more opportunity for social mobility.

Life expectancy in the Chesapeake region during the seventeenth century was

much lower than in the rest of the colonies.

To facilitate the new consumer appetites, merchants and traders did which of the following?

sent agents out into the countryside to visit wealthy landowners began advertising their goods in newspapers

In the early eighteenth century, colonial legislative assemblies began passing so-called ______, which limited the rights of blacks.

slave codes

Which of the following were characteristic of the distinct slave culture?

strong and elaborate family structures a blending of Christianity and African folklore

The most common form of resistance by enslaved Africans was

subtle acts of defiance.

Which of the following luxuries became a virtual necessity in the emerging consumer environment of colonial America?

tea manufactured cutlery household linens

American merchants defied the English Navigation Acts by developing markets in

the West Indies.

The characteristic social unit of colonial New England was the

town.

Agricultural areas in New York, Pennsylvania, and the Connecticut River valley supplied much of the colonies'

wheat

The system of slavery became firmly established in the early eighteenth century as a result of which of the following?

- Africans created new laborers through natural increase. -Africans had no contractual protections. -Africans were not under a fixed term of servitude.

Which of the following statements about female indentured servants in the colonies are correct?

- Female indentured servants typically worked as domestic servants. - A female indentured servant could reasonably expect to marry when her term ended. - About one-quarter of the indentured servants in the Chesapeake were women.

Why did planters switch from indentured to slave labor in the Chesapeake?

- Former indentures were a source of social unrest. - The flow of indentures into America declined with improved economic conditions in England. - African slaves were a more dependable and controllable form of labor.

Which of the following statements about industrial progress in the colonies during the eighteenth century is accurate?

- Most Americans were too poor or isolated to take advantage of new technology. -Industries took advantage of North America's natural resources.

After completing their terms of service, male indentured servants experienced which of the following?

- They often did not receive what they had been promised. - They found themselves unprepared and ill-equipped for independence.

Which of the following are effects of the failed promises of the indentured labor system in the Chesapeake?

- Which of the following are effects of the failed promises of the indentured labor system in the Chesapeake? - A large, rootless population of young single men became a source of social unrest.

Though it continued well into the eighteenth century, use of indentured labor in the colonies began to decline in the 1670s because of which of the following factors?

- a decrease in the English birth rate - an increase in English prosperity

Which of the following best explain why New England experienced a high rate of natural population increase in the 1600s?

- extremely high birth rates - exceptional longevity

Between 1650 and 1775, the sex ratio of the white settlers in North America gradually improved because of which of the following?

-More women chose to immigrate. - Birth rates rose.

How did the sex ratio affect colonial women's lives?

-They rarely remained unmarried. -Their lives were consumed by childbearing.

South Carolina and Georgia became dependent on slave labor for which two of the following reasons?

-White workers refused to perform rice cultivation. -Many Africans were experts in rice cultivation and harvesting.

Which of the following were obstacles to the development of colonial commerce?

-fierce competition among commercial companies -no way to find out about the supply and demand for goods -lack of a reliable currency

Which of the following factors made life in New England more stable than life in the Chesapeake?

-more immigrants that arrived with family members -more balanced sex ratio -more intact families

Which of the following difficulties were unique to female slaves?

-raising mulatto children whose white fathers refused to acknowledge them -unwanted sexual advances from white planters and overseers

Which of the following accurately reflect the term "triangular trade"?

-the network of imports and exports that spanned the Atlantic world -the commercial relationships that linked Africa, the West Indies, America, and Europe

During the middle passage, Africans could expect which of the following?

-to be given little food or water -to be chained

Family life in New England was much more ______ than in the Chesapeake.

-traditional -stable

Match the place with its role in the triangular trade:

Africa- importer of manufactured goods and exporter of slaves West Indies-importer of slaves and exporter of agricultural products North America-importer of manufactured goods and exporter of agricultural products Europe-importer of agricultural goods and exporter of manufactured goods

Match the eighteenth-century religious group with its description.

Church of England-the official faith in many colonies Puritans-had a growing tendency for different congregations to affiliate with different denominations Dutch Reformed-a Calvinist denomination represented in parts of New York and New Jersey American Baptists-a variety of sects united by belief in total immersion for mature believers

The Iron Act of 1750 is an example of

English parliamentary regulations that restricted American industrial growth.

True or false: African slaves were without a religious heritage, so most adopted Christianity.

False

True or false: By definition, plantations are vast estates owned by aristocrats.

False

True or false: Immigration remained the main source of population growth in New England until the American Revolution.

False

True or false: The society that formed in colonial America was completely devoid of social distinctions.

False

True or false: Unlike the European nations from which American settlers arrived, most colonial societies were religiously intolerant.

False

Which of the following are characteristics of the partial-inheritance system in New England?

Fathers divided lands among their sons. Sons were more dependent on their father's good favor.

Which statement about men and women in the Chesapeake is not correct?

Few women outlived their husbands.

The first major American religious revival, the _____ _____ occurred in the 1730s and 1740s.

Great Awakening

Which statement about Jonathan Edwards is not correct?

He opposed attempts to combat disease, which he considered God's punishment for sin.

Which statement about the Great Awakening is not correct?

It appealed most to males over 30.

Which of the following statements about colonial commerce is most accurate?

It survived and grew despite lacking the basic institutions of trade.

Which statement about the Enlightenment is not correct?

It was opposed to Christianity.

Which of the following is true about the practice of medicine during the seventeenth century?

It was relatively easy to practice medicine, even without professional training.

Which of the following statements about population growth in the South is accurate?

It was substantial, but it was largely the result of immigration.

Match the major figure of the Great Awakening with the appropriate description.

John Wesley-co-founder of Methodism George Whitefield-powerful open-air preacher who made several tours Jonathan Edwards-New England Congregationalist who attacked the doctrine of easy salvation for all

Which of the following are reasons that settlers in America adopted an attitude of religious toleration?

Many religious traditions existed in close proximity to one another. Conditions virtually required it.

Catholics suffered the worst persecution in

Maryland

Which statement about the Puritan foundations of New England town politics is not correct?

Members of the "elect" in New England were those who experienced salvation and were elected to office.

Which two colonial American ports had populations larger than most English urban centers?

New York Philadelphia

German immigrants to the New World in the late seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries were most likely to settle in

Pennsylvania

Which colonial American city had the largest population?

Philadelphia

Where in colonial America were Jews free to openly practice their religion?

Rhode Island

Which of the following refers to an instance of widespread hysteria in the 1680s regarding satanic influences in New England?

Salem witchcraft trials

The largest group of European immigrants to the American colonies in the late seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries were

Scotch-Irish from Ulster in northern Ireland.

The _____ Rebellion in 1739 was the largest colonial slave revolt.

Stono

Which of the following statements about accusations of witchcraft in New England in the late seventeenth century are accurate?

The accusations were not unique to Salem. Most accused "witches" were women who had broken the expected Puritan social mold. The accusations were a reflection of the religious character of New England society.