HIST 134 Exam 2

What estate left the meeting because it wasn't going their way and they had numbers?

3rd estate

Which of the following best characterizes the immigration patterns (forced and unforced) of Europeans and Africans to the Americas between 1500 and 1800? Africans and Europeans migrated to the Americas in roughly equal numbers. About four times as many Africans migrated to America as did Europeans. About twice as many Europeans migrated to the Americas as did Africans. African and European men migrated to the Americas in about equal numbers but European women migrated much more frequently than African women.

About four times as many Africans migrated to America as did Europeans.

What motivations for exploration by Europeans are expressed in the following two quotes? Bartholomew Diaz: "To serve God and his Majesty, to give light to those who were in darkness, and to grow rich as all men desire to do." Hernán Cortés: "I have come to win gold, not to plow the fields like a peasant." Increasing scientific research and social development Developing new alliances with indigenous populations and creating trade Accumulating wealth and converting indigenous populations to Christianity Cooperating with new cultures in order to advance humanity

Accumulating wealth and converting indigenous populations to Christianity

3 Sectors of the Economy

Agriculture, Commerce, and Industry

They didn't like the connection with the king. They don't want a king ruling. The idea of separation and church

Annabaptist

How did the nature of armed forces change in the latter half of the seventeenth century? Gunpowder technologies were used for the first time in field operations. Improvements in artillery made the use of cavalry obsolete. Army officers became obedient to monarchs instead of serving their own interests. The size of armies decreased as they professionalized and became more efficient.

Army officers became obedient to monarchs instead of serving their own interests.

What was thought to keep war from happening?

Balance of Power

This period known as the period is often thought of as a period of artistic style that used exaggerated motion and clear, easily interpreted detail to produce drama, tension, exuberance, and grandeur in sculpture, painting, architecture, literature, dance, theatre, and music. The time Catholic church encouraged this art work which had decided at the time of the Council of Trent, in response to the Protestant Reformation, that the arts should communicate religious themes in direct and emotional involvement.

Baroque

During the 30 years war besides Lutherans and Catholics many people wanted to follow the teachings of

Calvin

Why did the English government arrive at a crisis situation by 1640? Charles I imposed unwelcome laws and reforms on the country. Charles I married a Presbyterian princess. James I frequently lectured the House of Commons about his divine authority. Charles I sought to impose the Scottish religion on England.

Charles I imposed unwelcome laws and reforms on the country.

This man gathered Greek Manuscripts that traced themselves to the area where Christianity originated and that were later used by Martian Luther and others when making their transition of the Bible into the common languages

Desiderius Erasmus

During the French phase of the 30 years war what did the Swedes primarilydo?

French Provided financial help

Thomas believed that truth is known through and .

Grace Nature

How did Cardinal Richelieu increase the power of the centralized French state? He reorganized the French economy according to mercantilist policies. He encouraged Louis XIII to establish an elaborate palace and ground at Versailles. He extended the use of intendants, commissioners for each of France's thirty-two districts. He concentrated on repairing and expanding the country's infrastructure, building new roads and canals.

He extended the use of intendants, commissioners for each of France's thirty-two districts.

How did William Laud, the archbishop of Canterbury, create conflict in Britain in the 1630s? He launched a purge against the remaining Catholics in England, seeking to force them to flee to Ireland. He sought to impose a new prayer book modeled on the Anglican Book of Common Prayer on Presbyterian Scotland. He imposed new church taxes in order to secretly funnel money to the monarchy. He implemented Puritan reforms into the Anglican Church.

He sought to impose a new prayer book modeled on the Anglican Book of Common Prayer on Presbyterian Scotland.

According to his agreement with the Spanish crown, what rewards would Columbus receive if he found a water route to Asia? He would be given a noble title and one-half of the revenues of his journey. He would be named viceroy over any territories he discovered and receive one-tenth of the material rewards of the journey. He would be given the right to claim one-tenth of all lands he discovered as his personal property and be free from all taxation. He would be named governor of all lands he discovered and receive the right to claim one-tenth of these lands as his personal property.

He would be named viceroy over any territories he discovered and receive one-tenth of the material rewards of the journey.

Dick Turpin was a famous?

Highwayman

In the catholic church are work involving Jesus usually his was emphasized while in the Byzantine orthodox church his was emphasized.

Humanity Spiritually

What did the Treaty of Tordesillas accomplish? It divided the Americas, giving Spain everything south of the Caribbean and England everything north of the Caribbean. It divided the Pacific Ocean, giving Spain everything east of India and Portugal everything west of India. It divided the Atlantic Ocean, giving Spain control of everything west of an imaginary line and Portugal everything east of the line. It divided the Americas, giving Portugal all of the sugar-producing regions and Spain all of the silver-producing regions.

It divided the Atlantic Ocean, giving Spain control of everything west of an imaginary line and Portugal everything east of the line.

Why is there so much crime in London?

It has a lot of people, wealth is unevenly distributed, have small streets so it's easy to run away, and the forces of order are inadequate.

This man was said to be the Protestant Pope

John Calvin

People are basically good

John Locke

King of France and became a catholic and expected everyone else to follow

King Henry the 4th

He does a number of things to make sure he holds all the power.

King Louis the 14th

This King have the Palace of Versailles built

King Louis the 14th

How did the Peace of Westphalia mark a turning point in European history? German lands were finally unified under the German emperor. Religious toleration was adopted throughout the Holy Roman Empire. Central Europe emerged as an economic powerhouse. Large-scale armed conflicts over religious faith came to an end.

Large-scale armed conflicts over religious faith came to an end.

How did the Peace of Utrecht resolve the problem of succession to the Spanish throne? The leader of the Spanish House of Alva was placed on the throne by the nobility on offering guarantees that he would protect noble rights. The monarchy was abolished and Spain declared a republic. The German Habsburg Duke of Austria was placed on the throne after the death of his cousin, the Spanish Habsburg Charles II. Louis XIV of France's grandson, Philip, was placed on the French throne with the agreement that the French and Spanish thrones would never be united.

Louis XIV of France's grandson, Philip, was placed on the French throne with the agreement that the French and Spanish thrones would never be united.

German Protestant Reformation leader know for his 95 thesis

Martian Luther

Two branches that made up the middling orders?

Merchants and Professional people

Who resisted the Portuguese efforts to gain control over Indian Ocean trade? Princely kingdoms in India Muslim-controlled port cities Chinese merchants The Hindu priestly class

Muslim-controlled port cities

WHO becomes the emperor of France and sold Louisiana to TJ?

Napoleon

Romantics common enemy

Neoclassism

What started the "whoever reigns that's the religion you follow"

Peace of Augsburg

Whoever reigns his religion is expressed in the

Peace of Augsburg

This treaty ended the 30 years war?

Peace of Westphalia

Who built a new city to make Russia western?

Peter the Great

What type of punishment is used In 1688?

Physical Punishment

The leader of the catholic church is a and the leader of the orthodox church is the .

Pope Patriarch

The Junkers were Dutch merchants who made up the oligarchy that controlled the government of the Netherlands. Prussian nobles who reluctantly worked with Frederick William to consolidate the Prussian state. Members of the janissary corps who filled the posts of the Ottoman bureaucracy and military. Russian administrators who accepted the westernization policies of Peter the Great.

Prussian nobles who reluctantly worked with Frederick William to consolidate the Prussian state.

When the peasants revolted

Pugachev's Rebellion

Jacobin political party came to dominate French politics-15,000 people dying at the guillotine

Regin Of Terror

Heart of the person

Romantic Era

Some felt WHOS ideas were allowed but others thought he went too far

Roussau

Who was the father of the romantic movement?

Roussau

Most important book

Social Contract

contract between ruler and people- both sides keep to the contract, if someone breaks it they can rebel

Social contract

What are the sources of truth?

The Bible, tradition, and reason

Mind of a person

The Enlightenment

Reason & Reform

The Enlightenment

What was known as the age of reason?

The Enlightenment

Government and church are one

Theocracy

How did the English and French seek a route to East Asia? They sought a northwest passage across North America. They sought to develop a new land route through Russia and Siberia. They sought to travel through the Arctic Ocean. They sought to follow the Portuguese around Africa but then establish trading posts in India.

They sought a northwest passage across North America.

Peasants were expected to give 10% or a to the church.

Tithe

This guy was a Protestant mercenary that was willing to fight for the Holy Roman Empire as long as the paid him. Eventually the Holy Roman Emperor had him killed.

Wallenstien

What was the Defenestration of Prague?

When Protestants tossed Catholics out a window

Who was invited to take the English Crown?

William of Orange and Mary from Holland

When speaking of "moral economy," historians are referring to a vision of the world in which community needs predominate over competition and profit. the right of the church to regulate economic activity in order to promote virtue and righteousness. the goal of the state to compel all able-bodied men and women into productive activity that will bring wealth to the community. a set of laws that forbid "sinful" activity such as prostitution and drinking alcoholic beverages.

a vision of the world in which community needs predominate over competition and profit.

If you were in the lower class and committed a crime in London you were considered

guilty until proven innocent

Louis XIV selected councilors from the newly ennobled or upper middle class. military commanders. university professors. senior clergy.

newly ennobled or upper middle class.

At the time of his death, Columbus believed the islands he found were settled by a civilization of vast wealth and sophistication. part of a new continent. isolated from any other land mass. off the coast of Asia.

off the coast of Asia.

In the Netherlands, tensions were always present between supporters of the staunchly republican Estates and supporters of the Stuarts. the Hohenzollerns. the House of Orange. the Bourbons.

the House of Orange.

The English political philosopher Thomas Hobbes held that kings ruled by divine right. a constitutional monarchy was possible only in England. mankind is inherently good and requires no formal government. the power of the ruler was absolute and prevented civil war.

the power of the ruler was absolute and prevented civil war.

Settlers from the Massachusetts colony dispersed into new communities such as Connecticut and Rhode Island because the English government tried to keep colonies small so that colonists would be dependent on the crown. they were searching for good agricultural land. there was a planned development to drive the Indians out of the region. there were religious disputes among the colonists.

there were religious disputes among the colonists.

Shakespeare's history plays, such as Richard II, expressed an English national consciousness. glorified the classical ideal. were usually set in Italy. were very unpopular at the time.

were very unpopular at the time.