nutrition Chapter 12 -vitamin D Fat Soluble Vitamins

Functions of Vitamin D

-Calcium and Phosphorus Homeostasis -Aid in increasing absorption of calcium -Aid in releasing calcium from bone, if necessary -Regulate blood calcium level -Increased intestinal absorption of calcium from food -With parathyroid hormone, releases calcium from bone -Cell differentiation -Linked to the reduction of breast, ovarian, colon, and prostate -cancer development -Immune Function

2 tbsp of cod liver oil provide__________of daily value

680%

Vitamin D AI Needs

AI 1-70: 600 IU = 15 micrograms a day -Over the age of age 70: 800 IU = 20 micrograms a day

meals emphasizing Vitamin D

Breakfast Glass of fortified low fat milk (1 cup 15% DV vitamin D) Fortified cereal (3/4 cup 5% DV vitamin D) Lunch Banana (15% RDA magnesium) Spinach and egg white omelet (1 cup spinach 45% RDA magnesium) Dinner Grilled salmon (3oz. 130% DV vitamin D) Brown rice (1 cup 40% RDA magnesium) Peas or beans (1 cup 30% magnesium)

Vitamin D Daily Value Needs

Daily Value (used on food and supplement labels) 10 micrograms (or 400 IU) 1 IU = .025 micrograms , 1 microgram calciferol = 40 IU vitamin D *****Know these conversions for the test.

Meal Plan for Adequate Consumption of Vitamin D and Magnesium

Foods rich in vitamin D include salmon and mushrooms. Foods rich in magnesium include avocados and bananas

D3 is processed in the _________, inactivated, then reactivated in the ________________.

LIVER;KIDNEY

"Conditional" or prohormone

Precursor of a hormone.

Vitamin D - UV Light formation

Skin formation: 1-UV light changes 7-dehydrocholesterol (form of cholesterol) to cholecalciferol 2-UV light converts provitamin D3 to previtamin D3 in skin 3-Previtamin D3 converted to vitamin D3 and released into bloodstream 4-Travels to liver and kidney and converted to bio active form- calcitriol 5-Requirement-sunlight 2-3 times a week for 10-15 minutes

Vitamin D is stored ______

Stored in fat tissue

T/F Fat malabsorption impairs vitamin D absorption

T

Vitamin D Toxicities T/F Calcium deposits in kidneys, heart, and blood vessels, narrowing of

T

Vitamin D Toxicities T/F Does not occur from sunlight or dietary sources

T

Vitamin D Toxicities T/F Does occur with supplementation

T

Vitamin D Toxicities T/F Over-absorption of calcium (hypercalcemia), increase calcium excretion

T

Vitamin D Toxicities T/F Upper limit 100 micrograms a day

T

Vitamin D Toxicities T/F pulmonary arteries and aorta, facial changes, mental retardation

T

Vitamin D UL Needs

UL - 50 micrograms

Forms of vitamin D

Vitamin D2 Vitamin D3 Dihydroxy Vitamin D3

Rickets

bone deformities caused by Vitamin D deficiency in children

Dihydroxy Vitamin D3 =

calcitrol converted form in liver

Vitamin D supplements provides less activity than ______________________which is found naturally in foods and produced after exposure to sunlight

cholecalciferol (vitamin D3 )

Vitamin D3 =

cholecalciferol - the form created by UV light

Absorbed via micelles and transported via _____________ IN THE

chylomicrons in the lymphatic system

Because UV light can convert a form of cholesterol into Vitamin D, it's considered _________________. If production is adequate, intake isn't necessary.

conditional

Vitamin D2 = ergocalciferol -

ergocalciferol - the form naturally found in foods

vitamin D supplements are Fortified foods and supplements that are in the form of _________________________

ergocalciferol or vitamin D2

Vitamin D is Excreted by

primarily through bile that is lost in feces, small amounts are also exerted in urine

Bound to a __________ once in CV

protein

found in youth, bones fail to calcify, becoming weak, brittle, abnormally formed. Bowlegs, protruding belly are most obvious signs.

rickets

Milk is fortified with _______ micrograms

10

Vitamin D dietary sources

Only animal based foods 1.Fortified milk 2.egg yolk 3.liver 4.fatty fish 5.sunlight exposure

Vitamin D3 Synthesis of the active form is regulated by _____________ and kidneys

parathyroid gland and the kidneys

~80% of vitamin D2 consumed is incorporated into ___________

micelles

Eggs, butter, liver, and some margarine, but have to be eaten in such large amounts that they are ________________________________

not considered good sources

"soft bones " adult form of rickets, often in women. Bones will soften. Low calcium intake, low exposure to sun, repeated pregnancies with repeated lactation can cause deficiency. Bowlegs, bent over are signs.

osteomalacia