Chapter 4

What is the name given to the strands containing DNA (genes) along with associated protein?

Chromatin

What is the function of the mitochondrion?

Carries out cellular respiration, the process of converting the chemical energy of sugars and other molecules to chemical energy in the form of ATP.

What name is given to the rigid structure, found outside the plasma membrane, that surrounds and supports the bacterial cell?

Cell Wall (not inner most layer)

What are the two kinds of nucleic acids?

Deoxyribonucleic acid and Ribonucleic acid

Where are tight junctions located?

Epithelial Tiisues

What are surface appendages that allow a bacterium to stick to a surface.

Fimbriae

What are the two steps in protein sythesis?

First, transferring of information from DNA to messenger RNA Second, the RNA leaves the nucleus and carries the information it received from DNA to the ribosomes. The message in the RNA sequence of nucleotide is translated into sequence of amino acids.

What organelle modifies, stores, and repackages products of the ER, mostly for secretion?

Golgi Apparatus

Where can you find the rods that shape and support the cell, and serve as tracks along which other organelles can move?

Microtubules

What is the double membrane that encloses the nucleus?

Nuclear Envelope

Where is a bacterial cell's DNA found?

Nucleoid Region

Where are ribosomal subunits made?

Nucleolus

What is the bacterial structure that acts as a selective barrier, allowing nutrients to enter the cell and wastes to leave the cell.

Plasma Membrane which is selectively permeable

What distinguishes a bacterial cell from an animal cell?

Presence of a cell wall - animal cells do not have them

What is the function of a bacterium's capsule?

Protection and keep shape

What name is given to the process in which pre-mRNA is edited into mRNA?

RNA Processing

What small structures serve as the sites of protein synthesis

Ribosomes

In a bacterium, where are proteins synthesized?

Ribosomes are involved in the manufacture of polypeptides (proteins)

What is membranous tubules and sacs where secretory proteins and membranes are manufactured?

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

What is the portion of the endomembrane system important in lipid synthesis, detoxification, and calcium storage?

Smooth ER

What is the process by which a DNA template is used for the manufacture of several different types of RNA.

Transcription

Lysosomes are only located in

animal cells

Where would you find a stockpile of digestive enzymes, important in breaking down nutrients, destroying bacteria, recycling, and development?

lysosome

What are thin, solid protein rods, especially numerous in muscle cells, involved in cell support and movement?

microfilaments

Which organelle carries out diverse metabolic processes and produces hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) as a by-product, which it converts to water (H2O)?

peroxisome

What is cytosol?

the interior of all cells which is filled with a thick, jellylike fluid

During cell reproduction, chromatin fibers coil up into structures called

Chromosomes

Where is most of a cell's DNA located?

Nucleus

What is the process by which information encoded in RNA is used to manufacture a polypeptide

Translation