HIST EXAM 1

The southern political system was virtually all white by __________

1900

Why were efforts by the Freedmen's Bureau to provide former slaves with land halted and reversed?

Andrew Johnson pardoned southern whites and restored their lands to them.

How did South Carolina's Governor Wade Hampton feel about black people holding political office?

He appointed black men to minor offices.

How did President Grant respond to appeals for federal intervention in Mississippi in 1874?

He refused to help.

Why was the Fifteenth Amendment a disappointment to many Americans?

It failed to include women.

Which of the following was true of lynchings?

Prominent community members frequently encouraged lynch mobs.

Why was it almost impossible for black people to get justice in southern courts in the period immediately following the Civil War?

Southern juries remained all white.

Which of the following was true of black churches in the late nineteenth century?

They provided black people with a space in which to plan, organize, and lead.

Which of the following was true of black doctors practicing in 1890?

They served a black population of 7.5 million people.

What did Benjamin F. Randolph, Lee Nance, and Richard Burke have in common?

They were all killed by white militants.

What do the University of North Carolina, Pine Bluff, Arkansas, and Shreveport, Louisiana, have in common?

They were all sites of large-scale antiblack violence in the years immediately following the Civil War.

Why did railroads oppose laws mandating segregation on passenger trains?

They were concerned about expenses.

The Klan drew its members from __________.

all classes of white society

The vast majority of lynching victims were _______

black men

How did black baseball players respond to their exclusion from major league baseball in the late 1880s?

by forming their own teams

At the turn of the century, the typical black high school student __________.

came from a prosperous family

In the decades following slavery's demise, segregation in the South __________.

evolved gradually

The former slaves who took advantage of Special Field Order #15

generally planted sweet potatoes and corn

Booker T. Washington's Tuskegee Institute was most directly influenced by __________.

his experience at the Hampton Institute

Andrew Johnson initially seemed inclined to

impose stern policies on the white South

The Reconstruction Act stipulated all adult males in the states of the former Confederacy were eligible to vote, except for __

men who had actively supported the Confederacy

Most black units formed during the Spanish-American War __________.

never saw combat

Under Andrew Johnson's plan, Confederate states that wanted to rejoin the Union needed to repudiate Confederate war debts and _

ratify the Thirteenth Amendment

The new state constitutions created in 1867 and 1868 encouraged __________.

state support for private business

On which of the following did many white Republicans and almost all white Democrats in the South agree?

that blacks should not be granted social equality with whites

Which of these was a shared central assumption that informed the agenda and activities of the Ku Klux Klan, the Knights of the White Camellia, and the White Brotherhood?

that the presence of black men in politics was illegitimate

The 1890 Mississippi constitutional convention required which of the following?

that voters be literate

Which of the following was the worst single day of bloodshed during Reconstruction?

the Colfax Massacre

Under the terms of the 1867 Reconstruction Acts, __________

the South was divided into five military districts

Which of the following was made possible by the 1862 federal Morrill Land-Grant Act?

the founding of the first historically black state university

What was the primary purpose of Fisk, Tougaloo, and Avery when they were founded?

to educate black students to become teachers

The Federal Elections Bill required federal supervision of elections in congressional districts __________.

where fraud and intimidation were alleged

How did white political leaders and philanthropists respond to Booker T. Washington's message?

with praise

Most black Americans at the turn of the century were either __________.

Baptists or Methodists

In what way was black military service after the Civil War different than it had been during the Civil War?

Black troops were often led by white southern officers.

Which of the following was a consequence of Plessy v. Ferguson?

Segregation became a matter of law in the South.

To which of the following missions would a black soldier in the 1870s most likely find themselves assigned?

protecting western settlers

The Civil Rights Act of 1875 prohibited racial discrimination in access to and use of __________

public transportation

A black defendant in a southern court could expect _

to be convicted, regardless of the evidence

Why did white Democrats create oddly shaped congressional districts in the late nineteenth century?

to confine much of the black population of a state to one district

The fairs and expositions held around the United States between 1876 and 1916 celebrated

American progress

In Washington County, Texas, racial violence was sparked in 1886 by ____

Democratic efforts to commit election fraud

The reaction of many black people to the end of slavery suggests which of the following?

During slavery blacks were careful to hide their true feelings from whites.

How did black migration from the countryside to towns and cities affect black families?

It weakened them.

Which of the following was the most likely destination of a black migrant leaving the rural South in the 1870s and 1880s?

Kansas

Which of the following was true of the South prior to the Civil War?

Most southern states did not provide public schools.

What did Blanche K. Bruce and Hiram Revels have in common?

They both represented Mississippi in the U.S. Senate.

What sparked the Ellenton Massacre?

a false allegation that African Americans had assaulted an elderly white woman

What was the Eight Box Law?

a literacy test designed to disfranchise black voters

Which of the following was most likely to have been a scalawag?

a white small farmer

How would a late nineteenth-century social Darwinist explain the fact that African Americans were at the bottom of the social and economic ladder?

as a product of racial inferiority

Most former slaves saw land and __________ as crucial to realizing the promise of freedom.

education

The Pentecostal church __________.

had both black and white members

The Fourteenth Amendment was intended to __________

secure the legal rights of freedmen

In 1866 the Freedmen's Bureau

set aside $500,000 for education

What labor system dominated most of the South by 1870?

sharecropping

Former slaves found that it was not possible to acquire land without

the assistance of the U.S. government

Why did the Freedmen's Bank fail in 1874?

the bank's white board of directors made risky business investments.

Henry L. Morehouse and W. E. B. Du Bois agreed that __________.

the black elite had a duty to lead the black population forward

W. C. Handy is considered the "father" of __________.

the blues