histology quiz 6
parietal cell
"Acidophilic, polyhedral cytoplasm, with a central spherical nucleus. Usually located between the basal membrane and the cells surrounding the lumen of secretory units. The cell synthesizes carbonic anhydrase." This description of a fundic gland cell belongs to:
chief cell
"Basophilic, columnar or pyramidal in shape, with a basal spherical nucleus. Apical border makes contact with the lumen. The cytoplasm contains secretory granules filled with pepsinogen" This description of a fundic gland cell belongs to
enterochromaffin cells
"Cells are rare, neither basophilic nor acidophilic, but they can be identified with bichromate salt- based dyes. Produce histamine."This description of a fundic gland cell belongs to
intercalated ducts
"total diameter is smaller than that of an acinus, lined by simple cuboideal epithelium" is a discription of what salivary gland duct
submucosa contains serous glands
All of the following are rumen features, EXCEPT: (mark one) A. Tunica muscularis consists of two layers of smooth muscle. B. Surface epithelium is squamous stratified and keratinized. Mucosa folds into papillae. C. Submucosa contains serous glands. D. Active absorption of acetic, propionic, and butyric acids.
enteroendocrine cells
G cells and enterochromaffin cells are examples of
parietal cells
ID cells 6
chief cells
ID cells 7
funcidc region stomach
ID organ & region
small intestine - jejunum
ID organ & region
small intestine - jejunum
ID organ and region
vallate papillae
ID structure 1
taste buds
ID structure 2
Myenteric plexus (Auerbach's plexus)
ID structure 5
skeletal muscle
ID tissue 3
tunica muscularis
Id layer 3
dense connective tissue
Id tissue 4
dense connective tissue
Id tissue 5
alveolar macrophage
antigen presenting cell
yes
are meissner's plexus present in duodenum?
yes
are meissner's plexus present in the stomach
yes
are their glands in the submucosa of duodenum
yes
are there glands in the lamina propia of the duodenum
simple (straight)
arrangement of duct system in intestinal glands
compound
arrangement of duct system of pancreas
presence of tubular glands in the mucosa
avian proventriculum & gizzard share what common feature
carbonic anhydrase
both parietal cells in the stomach and osteoclasts in the bones secrete HCL. what basic mechanism leading to HCl secretion do these cells share
submucosa & tunica msucularis
cell bodies belonging to the enteric division of the autonomic nervous system are found in what layers
terminal bronchiole
ciliated simple columnar epithelium propria / submucosa surrounded by a thin layer of smooth mscle cells lacks goblet cells glands and cartilage are lacking
simple columnar mucosa epithelium
classify surface epithelium of stomach
1. simple columnar with microvilli 2. goblet cells
classify surface epithelium of the duodenum
simple columnar epithelium
classify tissue 4
1. simple tubular glands 2. predominance of goblet cells
composition of L propria of large intestine
1. single longitudinal smooth muscle layer 2. discontinuous cranial end 3. continuous caudal end
composition of L. muscularis in the esophagus
two fragmented layers
composition of L. muscularis in the small intestine
three complete layers
composition of L. muscularis of stomach mucosa
2 fragmented layers
composition of L. muscularis of the large intestine
1. simple tubular glands (lieberkuhns) 2. peyers patches in ileum
composition of L. propia of the small intestine
dense connective tissue
composition of L. propria in esophagus
1. simple branched glands 2. three glandular regions
composition of L. propria of mucosa in the stomach
1. simple columnar w/ micovilli 2. goblet cells
composition of mucosa epithelium in the small intestine
1. no glands 2. isolated lymphatic nodules 3. meissner's plexus
composition of submucosa in large intestine
1. loose connective tissue 2. meissner's plexus (glands in dogs & pigs)
composition of submucosa in the esophagus
1. loose connective tissue 2. meissner's plexus
composition of submucosa in the stomach
1. brunner's glands in duodenum 2. peyer's patches in ilium 3. meissner's plexus
composition of submucosa of small intestine
1. two layers of smooth muscle 2. taenia in cecum & colon 3. meissner's plexus
composition of tunica muscularis in the large intestine
1. three layers of smooth muscle 2. auerbach's plexus
composition of tunica muscularis in the stomach
1. two layers of smooth muscle 2. auerbach's plexus
composition of tunica muscularis of small intestine
1. two layers of striated muscle 2. smooth muscle at caudal end 3. Auebach's plexus
composition of tunica muscularis of the esophagus
neuroendocrine cells
contain electrodence secretory granules in the basal compartment, contain bioactive amines & peptides (serotonin & calcitonin)
neumocyte type II
cuboideal cell
neumocyte type II
cytoplasm contains lamellar bodies
1. lined by simple squamous instead of simple cuboidal 2. interrupted by atria insted of alveolus 3. few smooth muscle cells present
differences seen in avian parabronchi compared to mammalian alveolar ducts
yes
does the duodenum have a lamina mucularis layer
serosa
does the large intestine have adventitia pr serosa
serosa
does the small intestine have adventitia pr serosa
serosa
does the stomach have adventitia or serosa
yes
does the stomach have glands in lamina propria
no
does the stomach have glands in the submucosa
simple branched
duct system arrangement in gastric glands
compound
duct system arrangement of salivary gland
Lieberkuhn glands
enteroendocrine cells are found where in the duodenum
Fundic glands
enteroendocrine cells are found where in the stomach
squamous stratified keratinized (except in carnivores)
epithelium of the mucosa in the esophagus
1. short tubular glands in mucosa / submucosa 2. respiratory surface epithelium 3. hayline cartilage
features of the trachea
1. Volatile fatty acids (VFA)
forestomach epithelium is specialized for the absorption of ______ which are used for energy conversion
contribute energy to transmembrane proteins involved in active transport of bile constituents
function of mitochondria in hepatocytes
supple energy demands to membrane transport processes where HCl is formed
function of mitochondria in parietal cells
supply ATP for protein transporters involved in fluid exchanged
function of mitochondria in salivary glands
1. cardiac gland cells 2. surface epithelium cells 3. cells lining the gastric pits 4. pyloric gland cells
gastric epithelium that produce mucus
esophagus
given the table, what segment of the AT fits the description
alveolar duct
hallway like spaces derived from respiratory bronchioli where alveoli open
brush cells
have long thick microvilli
true
hepatic sinusoids are fenestrated
Mucosa
id layer 1
submucosa
id layer 2
large intestine
id organ
intestinal crypts
id structure 4
heaptocytes within acinus receive blood from same interlobular blood vessel
importance of hepatic acinus
represents the secretory unit of the liver where all hepatocytes within the triangle drain bile into the interlobular bile duct
importance of portal lobules
brunner's glands
in contrast to the duodenum, the jejunum & ileum lack
villi
in contrast to the small intestine, the large intestine lacks
canaliculi
in the forestomach, a morphological manifestation of its absorptive capabilities are the _______ observed between epithelial cells with TEM
1. lack goblet cells 2. lack cartilage 3. lack glands in mucosa / submucosa
in what ways are bronchioli different from bronchi
yes
is a lamina muscularis present in the stomach
macrophages intercalated in hepatic sinusoids
kupffer's cells are
rumen & reticulum
lacks lamina muscularis
Mucosa
layer 1
mucosa & submucosa
layer 1
tunica mucosa
layer 1
lamina propria
layer 2
tunica muscularis
layer 2
tunica submucosa
layer 2
lamina muscularis
layer 3
tunica muscularis
layer 3
1. surfacant layer 2. neumocyte 1 3. neumocyte 1 basal lamina 4. septa space 5. capillary basal lamina 6. endothelial cell 7. erythrocyte membrane
layers of blood air barrier of lungs
1. Basale 2. Spinosum 3. Granulosum 4. Corneum
like the epidermis the forestomach epithelium consists of four strata called
rumen, reticulum, omasum
lined by keratinized or parakeratinized stratified epithelium
surfacant
lipid rich product of alveolar type II cells that prevents alveoli collapse
neumocyte type I
main role in gas exchange
exocrine
mechanism of secretion from pancreas
Merocrine
mechanism of secretion in gastric glands
merocrine
mechanism of secretion in intestinal glands
merocrine
mechanism of secretion in salivary glands
simple columnar with microvilli & goblet cells
mucosa epithelium composition in large intestine
simple columnar mucous epithelium
mucosa epithelium in the stomach
Reticulum
mucosa projects as crests defining cells
omasum
mucosa projects as leaves of different sizes
rumen
mucosa projects as papillae
basal cell
name cell 2
Columnar ciliated cells
name cell 3
brush cell
name cell 5
Ondontoblasts
name cells 1
goblet cell
name cells 1
Ameloblasts
name cells 2
neuroendocrine cell
name cells 4
enamel
name layer 3
dentin
name layer 4
Omasum
name organ
esophagus
name organ
liver
name organ
lung
name organ
pancreas
name organ
salivary gland
name organ
tongue
name organ
gastric pits
name structures 5
1. mucous folds 2. villi 3. microvilli
name the 3 structural devices by which the duodenum increases the amount of surface area available for absorption from the lumen
duodenum
name the single AT segment containing glands in layer 4 (submucosa)
1. chief cells (pepsinogen) 2. parietal cells (HCl)
name the two most important cells contributing to the gastric juice
dental pulp
name tissue 5
alveolar macrophage
not supported by basal membrane
gastric pits
number 1
intrapulmonary bronchus
number 1
mucosa
number 2
secondary bronchi
number 2
paleopulmonic parabronchi
number 3
submucosa
number 3
air sacs / atria
number 4
muscularis
number 4
serosa
number 5
muscularis mucosae
number 6
gastric glands
number 7
two layers of smooth muscle
number of layers in the tunica musucalris of the duodenum
three layers of smooth muscle
number of layers in tunica muscularis of the stomach
1. bile canaliculi 2. bile ductuli (herring's) 3. intrahepatic ducts 4. hepatic ducts 5. bile ducts
order of ducts followed by the bile from hepatocytes to duodenum
alveolar macrophage
pleomorphic cell
1. branch of portal vein 2. branch of hepatic artery 3. interlobular bile duct
portal areas contain what elements
surface invaginations / gastric pits
presence of villi/ pits/ etc. in stomach
neumocyte type I
represents > 90% of alveolar cells
bronchus
respiratory epithelium tubuloacinar glands complete layer of smooth muscle separates mucosa from cartilage cartilage arranged in irregular plates
trachea
respiratory surface epithelium propria / submuocosa contains tubuloacinar glands the ends of c-shaped cartilage rings are bridges by smooth muscle
neumocyte type II
secretion reduces alveolar surface tension
tubular
secretory unit in gastric glands
tubular
secretory unit in intestinal glands
acinar or tubuloacinar (serous & mucous)
secretory unit in salivary glands
tubular acinar
secretory unit in the pancreas
portal lobules
secretory unit of the liver
BOTH 1. Adventitia in cervical segment 2. serossa in thoracic segment
serosa or adventitia in esophagus?
respiratory bronchiole
simple columnar epithelium with abundant clara cells, few smooth muscle cells in the lamina propria wall interrupted by the openings of alveoli
basal cells
small polarized cells extending from the lumen to the basal membrane - cell to cell junctions
1. no villi 2. no plicae 3. no pits
special features of mucosa in large intestine
1. plicae circulares 2. villi
special features of mucosa in the small intestine
surface invaginations / gastric pits
specific feature of mucosa in the stomach
longitudinal folds
specific features of esophagus mucosa
neumocyte type I
squamous cell
colon
squamous stratified surface epithelium is found in all of the following AT parts except; Lips Hard palate Tongue Colon. Esophagus Forestomach
bronchus
structure 1
central vein
structure 1
mucosa cell
structure 1
secretory unit (exocrine glands)
structure 1
terminal bronchiole
structure 1
Langerhans islets
structure 2
branch of portal vein
structure 2
respiratory bronchiole
structure 2
secondary bronchi
structure 2
serous cell
structure 2
alveolar sac
structure 3
branch of hepatic artery
structure 3
extralobular duct
structure 3
intercalated duct
structure 3
alveolar duct
structure 4
intralobular duct
structure 4
papilla ?
structure 4
striated duct
structure 4
portal area
structure 5
hepatocytes
structure 6
Canaliculi
structure 7
1. generate action potential 2. express GPCR 3. share epithelium with supporting & basal cells
taste buds & olfactory epithelium sensory cells share what characteristics
striated
the composition of the saliva differs from that of the primary secretion produced by individual acini because _______ ducts selectively alter the saliva ionic composition
hepatic acinus
the green lines indicate what feature of the liver
compound
the liver is an exocrine gland is it compound or simple?
portal lobules
the pink lines indicate what feature of the liver
goblet cells
thin expanded cytoplasm depending on the amount of mucin granules present
catilage
tissue 2
smooth muscle
tissue 3
MALT
tissue 4
respiratory epithelium
tissue 5
true
true or false the limits of hepatic lobules are more evident in pigs compared to other species
false (lined by cell membranes of hepatocytes)
true or false bile canaliculi are lined by simple squamous epithelium
true
true or false both the small & large intestine contain collection of lymphatic tissue
true
true or false brunner's glands are unique to the duodenum
true
true or false cells lining the small intestine villi are called enterocytes
false (center to periphery)
true or false inside the hepatic lobule, bile circulates from the periphery to the center
false
true or false intestinal (lieberkuhn) glands are unique to the small intestine
true
true or false kupffer cells are intercalated between endothelial cells of sinusoids
false (ito cells)
true or false kupffer cells are sites of vitamin a storage
false (kupffer cells)
true or false removal of old/altered RBCs from circulation by the liver is mediated by hepatocytes
false
true or false small and large intestine differ in that the former lacks villi
true ??
true or false the AT nerve plexuses control contraction of the tunica muscularis and secretion of glands
false (sinusoid)
true or false the blood of the hepatic artery and portal vein mix for the dirst time in the central vein
false (microvilli)
true or false the collection of villi in the small intestine is referred to as striated border
false (75% from portal vein 25% from hepatic artery)
true or false the hepatic artery delivers most of the blood circulating inside the liver
false
true or false the lacteal is a blood capillary that transports fats absorbed from the lumen in the large intestine
false
true or false the number of goblet cells in the intestine decreases caudally
false (contains fenstrations)
true or false tight junctions link endothelial cells of sinusoids to each other
omasum
tunica muscularis projects into longest mucosa folds
bronchioli
typical respiratory epithelium is not found in what section of respiratory tract
villi & microvilli
villi? pits? etc in the duodenum?
serosa contains mesothelium layer that is lacking in adventitia
what distinguishes a serosa from an adventitia layer
lamina propria
what layer of AT wall usually contains glands
surface epithelium & lamina propria
what two layers of the tunica mucosa extend into small intestinal villi
Merocrine
what type of secretion mechanism does the liver have
surrounding canaliculi
where are mitochondria found in hepatocytes
surround canaliculi
where are mitochondria found in parietal cells
cell membrane in the basal side of striated ducts
where are mitochondria found in salivary glands
1. bile canaliculi 2. bile ductuli 3. intrahepatic ducts
which ducts leading away from hepatocytes are found within hepatic lobules