HISTORY 120 SFSU EXAM 1

Charles I

gets rid of parlament puritains then think that he is like an anti christ and god will punish england so they leave for the new world

Cascara Sagrada

mild laxatives that NA used

Hysteria

moldy bread made people hysterical and thus, they hallucinated the spectral evidence etc.

Conquest myth

the idea that Europeans discovered American and thrived without the help of the indians

Why didnt the moors discover america?

they already were rich from trade with China

Conuco Agriculture

A form of agriculture in which the ground is mounted up to help root plants. Easy way to grow food.

Quakers

A group that believed in a simple lifestyle and in treating all people equally; they refused to bow before the king, fight in wars, or pay taxes to the Church of England

El dorado

"the golden man" spanish conquistadors thought that the native Inca and Aztec people knew where el dorado was because they decorated their city with gold

Hispanola

(modern day haiti and dominican republic)"Spanish Island" the site of the first European colonies founded by Christopher Columbus on his voyages in 1492 and 1493.

Negro Acts of 1740

1. slaves cant assemble 2. slaves cant learn to read 3. 1 white person needed for every 10 black people 4. slaves cant grow their own food

Laws passed by colonial elites to stop white people and black people from getting along

1. mother's status determines slave's status 2.not a crime to kill slaves 3.free blacks cant own white indentured servants 4. 30 lashes for any black man who hits a white guy 5.in order to free their slaves, masters must provide enough money to pay for their transporation out of the colony 6.interracial marriage punishable by banishment 7.masters are forbinnen to whip indentured servants 8. interracial marrige not banishable, but now you go to jail, pay a huge fine and your preacher pays a huge fine 9. children of white women and black slaves are slaves for 30 years 10. indentured servants get 30 shillings, 50 acres of land, and 30 bushells of corn upon finishing their servatude. 11.(1723) illegal to free slaves

How did the wealthy ward off indentured servants from becoming independent?

1. penalize the IS 2. buy up good pieces of land

what did the European's gain from the Native americans?

1. prescious metals like gold and silver 2. conchineal ink 3. clothing 4. potatoes and other crops 5. medicine

Jacques Cartier

1534, Explored Canada looking for the New World passage, traveled up the St. Lawrence River to Montreal(river freezes out), Discovered St. Lawrence River

Hampton Roads

1619- where first african slaves are brought to

William Penn Jr.

A Quaker that founded Pennsylvania on inheritence from dead father, in order to establish a place where his people and others could live in peace and be free from persecution(pennslyvania)

Roger Williams

A respected Puritan minister who believed that the individual's conscience was beyond the control of any civil or church authority, and was banished from the bay colony for his beliefs. He founded the settlement of Providence

Stono Rebellion

A slave named Jemmy rises up and starts a slave rebellion that killed 20-25 white people. The rebellion failed and all of the slaves involved were executed

Halfway covenant

A way t allow young puritiains to be a part of the church without being baptised. They could not vote, but could attend sermons

tituba

African slave who was among the first to be killed for witch craft. Accused of possessing paris' niece

Kahl, Germany

After the "discovery" of the americas, Kahl went from harvesting wheat to making textiles. They now experience their own industrial revolution

What did the gold and silver from the america's do for europe?

Allowed for europe to develop a more modern currency. Also allowed the transition from feudalistic to capitalistic society.

Taino Indians

At the time of Columbus' arrival in 1492, there were five Taíno chiefdoms and territories on Hispaniola (modern-day Haiti and Dominican Republic), each led by a principal Cacique (chieftain), to whom tribute was paid. Columbus kiled them off with swine flu.

Sir Francis Drake

English explorer and admiral who was the first Englishman to circumnavigate the globe and who helped to defeat the Spanish Armada (1540-1596) with Cimmarrons

Roanoke Colony

Established in 1587. Called the Lost Colony. It was financed by Sir Walter Raleigh, and its leader in the New World was John White. All the settlers disappeared, and historians still don't know what became of them.

Cimmarrons

Half african and Half native columbian people who fought the spanish with drake

Thomas Morton

He comes to New World because he sees it as an opportunity to make money. He builds a village called Ma-re Mount and builds a maypole. He called himself 'Mine Host' of Merry Mount. He invited the Native Americans to Party. He was giving the Indians weapons (guns) and Liquor in exchange for fur. The pilgrims and puritans found him to be a threat to their society. He is exiled back to England by the puritans numerous times.

Bacon's Rebellion

In 1676, Bacon, a young planter led a rebellion against people who were friendly to the Indians. YTs dont pay doeg indians for their work so the doeg's take his hogs. Him and a group go to wrong vilage(susquhonics) and murders them. Doegs, susquehonics, and pisccataways join up to kill YTs. Settlers try to stop indians, but they escape. then rebellion begins when Berkely doesnt want Bacon to go kill the native americans.

Great Slave Conspiracy of 1741

People blame a string of fires arounf New York city on freed slaves and John Hughson

Christopher Columbus

Italian explorer who tried to sail to china but hit Hispanola instead

William Berkely

Jamestown govenor who proposes building a fort on the potomac river inorder to stop the natives

Daniel Horsemanden

Judge for Geneva Club case and quesytioned Mary Burton about fires. Mary "confesses" that John was involved and had meetings with black people on what houses to burn and rob

Potosi

Located in Bolivia, one of the richest silver mining centers and most populous cities in colonial Spanish America. mined with african and indian slaves

Martha Cavier Trial

Martha accused of witchcraft, all of her children confess to being witches, her husband is accused of being a witch but he never pleads guilty or not guilty and he gets crushed to death during torture

Merrimount

Morton's settlement thathad whites and natives living in harmony together and partying

The walking Purchase(1677)

Penn's sons wan to claim more land for pennslyvania, so they forge a fake treaty that involved taking more land by however far they could walk in one day.

War of Jenkin's ear

Spaniards board Jenkin's ship and cut off his ear, this gives england a reason to attack spain

salem town vs salem village

The Salem Village was made of poor, lower class farmers who were not considered part of the city population. Salem Town was a port town housing the well to do members of the Salem community. Salem Town essentially lorded over Salem Village.

Jamestown fiasco

The colonists failed because they focused more on searching for gold rather than focusing on how to survive in the new harsh conditions of this foreign land.. many starved to death and would have been wiped out if it hadn't been for john smith who helped organize things and actually grow food

John Ury

catholic spy who executed the people that Mary Burton said were to be involved in Geneva club case.

Quinine

comes from medcinal tree and used by Incas to get rid of malaria symptoms

scurvy

disease from low levels of vitamine C. plaugued Jaques Cartier's ship. Cured when indians give hem a broth of boiled pinecones

Experience of grace

dream about talking to god that allowed for people to become puritians. The settlers felt that not enough of the second generation experienced this, thus they were inducted into halfway covenants

Cochineal

dye made from crushed bugs. Used by native americans to dye clothing red

Security Act of 1739

everyone must have a firearm on them at all times(even church)

spectral evidence

evidence used in salem trials. Basically, if you sell your soul to the devil you ca go outside your body and hurt other people

Amerigo Vespucci

explorer who first founded america. made map of north and south america before Columbus

Francisco Pizzaro

explorer who kidnapped Inca leader for a room full of gold. Taught Inca leader how to play chess, then kills him over a chess game he lost.

Virgin land

land untouched by other humans

Widowed land

land where the previous inhabitants left

Wingina

leader of the natives of Roanoke Island, chose to allow the English to settle there, perhaps hoping that he could control them or take advantage of them. However, as the tensions between native and English settlements escalated from resentment to violence, Wingina was lured to an English camp and executed.

seasoning

overcoming waves of diseases in new World, most slaves and indentured servants died from these diseases

Parish poor

people who lived in the colony but didnt have much money

Puritans

people who wanttd the purify the anglican church

Indentured Servatude

person who agreed to work for a colonial employer for a specified time in exchange for passage to america.

Anne Hutchenson

rejected predestination in puritain settlement. was exiled

Rev. Samuel Paris

religous fanatic that belived that his neice was possed by witch spirits. began the Salem witch trials

Case of the Geneva club

shipments of gin go missing and John Hughson is blamed along with three other slaves for "fencing" or selling these stolen goods.

Ham's Pnishment

slavery justified because black people are the "descendants of hamm"

Sir Walter Raliegh

started Roanoke Colony

Protestant Reformation

started with Martin Luther's criticisms of indulgences. eventually lead to king Henry creating

Pequot War

starts with john stone's death(killed because he harrassed pequot women). settlers and NA fought fiercely. Until Narragansetts tell settlers about a pequot village full of older men, women, and childen. Settlers burn down village and execute those who tried to escape

Henry VIII

tarted the Church of England, needed a reformation in Catholicism which would allow him to divorce wife

Lateen Sail

triangular, moving sails created by moors

Nathanal Bacon

uses indians as scape goats for he rich screwing over the poor. Bacon gets Berkely "fired" as govenor and then burns down the courthouse.

Countess of Chinchona

white lady goes to peru, copies the Inca's recipie, and sells it as her own/ gets credit for her "invention"

Mariana's Coca Wine

wine made from coca(cocain?)

"woman alone" theory

women who lived by themselves were accused of being witches because they werent subservient, nor did they play into sexist stereotypes of how women should act.

Ralph Lane

wrote only account of what happened in roanoke