HISTORY 120 SFSU EXAM 1
Charles I
gets rid of parlament puritains then think that he is like an anti christ and god will punish england so they leave for the new world
Cascara Sagrada
mild laxatives that NA used
Hysteria
moldy bread made people hysterical and thus, they hallucinated the spectral evidence etc.
Conquest myth
the idea that Europeans discovered American and thrived without the help of the indians
Why didnt the moors discover america?
they already were rich from trade with China
Conuco Agriculture
A form of agriculture in which the ground is mounted up to help root plants. Easy way to grow food.
Quakers
A group that believed in a simple lifestyle and in treating all people equally; they refused to bow before the king, fight in wars, or pay taxes to the Church of England
El dorado
"the golden man" spanish conquistadors thought that the native Inca and Aztec people knew where el dorado was because they decorated their city with gold
Hispanola
(modern day haiti and dominican republic)"Spanish Island" the site of the first European colonies founded by Christopher Columbus on his voyages in 1492 and 1493.
Negro Acts of 1740
1. slaves cant assemble 2. slaves cant learn to read 3. 1 white person needed for every 10 black people 4. slaves cant grow their own food
Laws passed by colonial elites to stop white people and black people from getting along
1. mother's status determines slave's status 2.not a crime to kill slaves 3.free blacks cant own white indentured servants 4. 30 lashes for any black man who hits a white guy 5.in order to free their slaves, masters must provide enough money to pay for their transporation out of the colony 6.interracial marriage punishable by banishment 7.masters are forbinnen to whip indentured servants 8. interracial marrige not banishable, but now you go to jail, pay a huge fine and your preacher pays a huge fine 9. children of white women and black slaves are slaves for 30 years 10. indentured servants get 30 shillings, 50 acres of land, and 30 bushells of corn upon finishing their servatude. 11.(1723) illegal to free slaves
How did the wealthy ward off indentured servants from becoming independent?
1. penalize the IS 2. buy up good pieces of land
what did the European's gain from the Native americans?
1. prescious metals like gold and silver 2. conchineal ink 3. clothing 4. potatoes and other crops 5. medicine
Jacques Cartier
1534, Explored Canada looking for the New World passage, traveled up the St. Lawrence River to Montreal(river freezes out), Discovered St. Lawrence River
Hampton Roads
1619- where first african slaves are brought to
William Penn Jr.
A Quaker that founded Pennsylvania on inheritence from dead father, in order to establish a place where his people and others could live in peace and be free from persecution(pennslyvania)
Roger Williams
A respected Puritan minister who believed that the individual's conscience was beyond the control of any civil or church authority, and was banished from the bay colony for his beliefs. He founded the settlement of Providence
Stono Rebellion
A slave named Jemmy rises up and starts a slave rebellion that killed 20-25 white people. The rebellion failed and all of the slaves involved were executed
Halfway covenant
A way t allow young puritiains to be a part of the church without being baptised. They could not vote, but could attend sermons
tituba
African slave who was among the first to be killed for witch craft. Accused of possessing paris' niece
Kahl, Germany
After the "discovery" of the americas, Kahl went from harvesting wheat to making textiles. They now experience their own industrial revolution
What did the gold and silver from the america's do for europe?
Allowed for europe to develop a more modern currency. Also allowed the transition from feudalistic to capitalistic society.
Taino Indians
At the time of Columbus' arrival in 1492, there were five Taíno chiefdoms and territories on Hispaniola (modern-day Haiti and Dominican Republic), each led by a principal Cacique (chieftain), to whom tribute was paid. Columbus kiled them off with swine flu.
Sir Francis Drake
English explorer and admiral who was the first Englishman to circumnavigate the globe and who helped to defeat the Spanish Armada (1540-1596) with Cimmarrons
Roanoke Colony
Established in 1587. Called the Lost Colony. It was financed by Sir Walter Raleigh, and its leader in the New World was John White. All the settlers disappeared, and historians still don't know what became of them.
Cimmarrons
Half african and Half native columbian people who fought the spanish with drake
Thomas Morton
He comes to New World because he sees it as an opportunity to make money. He builds a village called Ma-re Mount and builds a maypole. He called himself 'Mine Host' of Merry Mount. He invited the Native Americans to Party. He was giving the Indians weapons (guns) and Liquor in exchange for fur. The pilgrims and puritans found him to be a threat to their society. He is exiled back to England by the puritans numerous times.
Bacon's Rebellion
In 1676, Bacon, a young planter led a rebellion against people who were friendly to the Indians. YTs dont pay doeg indians for their work so the doeg's take his hogs. Him and a group go to wrong vilage(susquhonics) and murders them. Doegs, susquehonics, and pisccataways join up to kill YTs. Settlers try to stop indians, but they escape. then rebellion begins when Berkely doesnt want Bacon to go kill the native americans.
Great Slave Conspiracy of 1741
People blame a string of fires arounf New York city on freed slaves and John Hughson
Christopher Columbus
Italian explorer who tried to sail to china but hit Hispanola instead
William Berkely
Jamestown govenor who proposes building a fort on the potomac river inorder to stop the natives
Daniel Horsemanden
Judge for Geneva Club case and quesytioned Mary Burton about fires. Mary "confesses" that John was involved and had meetings with black people on what houses to burn and rob
Potosi
Located in Bolivia, one of the richest silver mining centers and most populous cities in colonial Spanish America. mined with african and indian slaves
Martha Cavier Trial
Martha accused of witchcraft, all of her children confess to being witches, her husband is accused of being a witch but he never pleads guilty or not guilty and he gets crushed to death during torture
Merrimount
Morton's settlement thathad whites and natives living in harmony together and partying
The walking Purchase(1677)
Penn's sons wan to claim more land for pennslyvania, so they forge a fake treaty that involved taking more land by however far they could walk in one day.
War of Jenkin's ear
Spaniards board Jenkin's ship and cut off his ear, this gives england a reason to attack spain
salem town vs salem village
The Salem Village was made of poor, lower class farmers who were not considered part of the city population. Salem Town was a port town housing the well to do members of the Salem community. Salem Town essentially lorded over Salem Village.
Jamestown fiasco
The colonists failed because they focused more on searching for gold rather than focusing on how to survive in the new harsh conditions of this foreign land.. many starved to death and would have been wiped out if it hadn't been for john smith who helped organize things and actually grow food
John Ury
catholic spy who executed the people that Mary Burton said were to be involved in Geneva club case.
Quinine
comes from medcinal tree and used by Incas to get rid of malaria symptoms
scurvy
disease from low levels of vitamine C. plaugued Jaques Cartier's ship. Cured when indians give hem a broth of boiled pinecones
Experience of grace
dream about talking to god that allowed for people to become puritians. The settlers felt that not enough of the second generation experienced this, thus they were inducted into halfway covenants
Cochineal
dye made from crushed bugs. Used by native americans to dye clothing red
Security Act of 1739
everyone must have a firearm on them at all times(even church)
spectral evidence
evidence used in salem trials. Basically, if you sell your soul to the devil you ca go outside your body and hurt other people
Amerigo Vespucci
explorer who first founded america. made map of north and south america before Columbus
Francisco Pizzaro
explorer who kidnapped Inca leader for a room full of gold. Taught Inca leader how to play chess, then kills him over a chess game he lost.
Virgin land
land untouched by other humans
Widowed land
land where the previous inhabitants left
Wingina
leader of the natives of Roanoke Island, chose to allow the English to settle there, perhaps hoping that he could control them or take advantage of them. However, as the tensions between native and English settlements escalated from resentment to violence, Wingina was lured to an English camp and executed.
seasoning
overcoming waves of diseases in new World, most slaves and indentured servants died from these diseases
Parish poor
people who lived in the colony but didnt have much money
Puritans
people who wanttd the purify the anglican church
Indentured Servatude
person who agreed to work for a colonial employer for a specified time in exchange for passage to america.
Anne Hutchenson
rejected predestination in puritain settlement. was exiled
Rev. Samuel Paris
religous fanatic that belived that his neice was possed by witch spirits. began the Salem witch trials
Case of the Geneva club
shipments of gin go missing and John Hughson is blamed along with three other slaves for "fencing" or selling these stolen goods.
Ham's Pnishment
slavery justified because black people are the "descendants of hamm"
Sir Walter Raliegh
started Roanoke Colony
Protestant Reformation
started with Martin Luther's criticisms of indulgences. eventually lead to king Henry creating
Pequot War
starts with john stone's death(killed because he harrassed pequot women). settlers and NA fought fiercely. Until Narragansetts tell settlers about a pequot village full of older men, women, and childen. Settlers burn down village and execute those who tried to escape
Henry VIII
tarted the Church of England, needed a reformation in Catholicism which would allow him to divorce wife
Lateen Sail
triangular, moving sails created by moors
Nathanal Bacon
uses indians as scape goats for he rich screwing over the poor. Bacon gets Berkely "fired" as govenor and then burns down the courthouse.
Countess of Chinchona
white lady goes to peru, copies the Inca's recipie, and sells it as her own/ gets credit for her "invention"
Mariana's Coca Wine
wine made from coca(cocain?)
"woman alone" theory
women who lived by themselves were accused of being witches because they werent subservient, nor did they play into sexist stereotypes of how women should act.
Ralph Lane
wrote only account of what happened in roanoke