History 1302 Final Exam
Approximately how many civilians were killed by the atomic bombs dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki?
180,000
When was the peak of the bison slaughter?
1870s
The Spanish American War was in
1898
Which census first revealed that a majority of Americans were living in cities?
1920
When was "one nation, under God" added in the Pledge of Allegiance?
1954
The U.S.birthrate reached its twentieth century highpoint in
1957
The March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom was held in August
1963.
The National Origins Act restricted the number of immigrants from any given country to ____ percent of the number of current Americans from that country
2
The final two decades of the nineteenth century saw over _________ strikes and lockouts
20,000
By 1880 roughly how many Chinese immigrants lived in the US
200,000
The 9/11 terrorist attack took place in the year
2001.
Operation Iraqi Freedom took place in
2003
How large was the mushroom cloud from the detonation of the first thermonuclear weapon?
25 miles high, 100 miles across
Roughly how many Native Americans lived in the American West in the late 19th century?
250,000
Approximately how many women served in the military during WWII?
350,000
From 1880 to 1950, approximately _______ African Americans were murdered by white mobs.
5,000
In the election of 1896, 130,000 black Louisianans voted. In 1900 the number was _____________.
5,320
What percent of unmarried women worked outside the home in the 1920s?
50%
By 1890, in most large northern cities, immigrants and their children amounted to what percent of the population?
60%
At the height of the lynching epidemic in the south how many African Americans were lynched every week?
7-10
Of the over 110,000 Japanese-descended Americans who were detained in internment camps, approximately how many were American citizens?
70,000
Roughly ____ of all German casualties in World War II came in the battle against the Soviet Union.
80%
By 1900, the richest ten percent controlled perhaps _______ percent of the nation's wealth.
90%
How did federal housing programs discriminate against Americans of color?
All of the above
After Sputnik,
All of these are correct.
The Tea Party
All of these are correct.
Why was Emmett Till murdered?
Allegedly whistling at a white woman
The Stonewall incident that catalyzed the gay rights movement occurred when __________
Bar patrons in New York City protested a police raid
When was the Atlantic Charter issued?
Before the United States entered World War II
Where did Germany first invade?
Belgium
Which of the following empires emerged from WWI intact?
British
What was the primary purpose of the failed Equal Rights Amendment?
Eliminate all legal distinctions based on sex
The National Indian Youth Council (NIYC) differed from the National Congress of American Indians (NCAI) because the NIYC
Employed direct action tactics and more combative rhetoric
As a result of the booming wartime industry, there was no discrimination toward African Americans working in defense jobs.
False
Everyone benefited equally from the economic boom of the 1920s.
False
Married women could file homestead claims?
False
Mid-century American culture was symbolized by the extended family.
False
The 1920s fundamentally changed all American lives.
False
The 1961 freedom ride lead by James Farmer encountered little resistance from southern whites.
False
The KKK was only prominent in the South in the 1920s.
False
The US declared war immediately after the sinking of the Lusitania.
False
The US supported the Treaty of Versailles?
False
The two men who murdered Emmett Till were sentenced to death for the crime.
False
When the Professional Air Traffic Controllers Organization went on strike, Reagan expedited collective bargaining by consenting to their demands.
False
While World War II veterans enjoyed the benefits of the G.I. Bill, these benefits were never extended to veterans of the Korean War.
False
Women enjoyed equal opportunities to men in the Gilded Age?
False
Which of the following events most seriously damaged the Knights of Labor?
Haymarket Affair
Why did Hitler stop the Blitz in June 1941?
He launched Operation Barbarossa—the invasion of the Soviet Union.
Why did William Jennings Bryan attack the Gold Standard?
He wanted to increase inflation to lower the burden of farmers debts
Why was Douglas MacArthur removed from command?
He was publicly insubordinate to the Commander in Chief
Two events are widely credited with inspiring the rebirth of the Ku Klux Klan. One is the release of the film The Birth of theNation. What was the second?
Lynching of Leo Frank
Which battleship exploded in Havana harbor, eventually leading the the Spanish American War?
Maine
How did attitudes toward sex change in the 1920s?
Many college-educated white womenrebelled against "Victorian" notions of sexuality, leading to an increase in premarital sex
Most practices and objects associated with American cowboys were modified from ______ ranchers.
Mexican
Why did President Wilson authorize the invasion of Veracruz, Mexico?
Mexican forces mistakenly arrested American sailors
Which of the following statements regarding immigration during the Great Depression is true?
More people left the United States than entered it during the Great Depression
Which of the following actions did FDR take to advance civil rights for African Americans?
None of these occurred.
Theodore Roosevelt first gained fame as a trustbuster by attacking which monopoly in 1902?
Northern Securities
Before turning to military expansionism, Japanese leaders were also considering which of the following strategies?
Pan-Asian anti-Western
All of the following groups provided cultural space for immigrants to maintain their arts, languages, and traditions EXCEPT
Rotary Clubs
Who first challenged segregation on buses?
Sarah Keys
Which group first promoted the idea that drug use could remedy feelings of alienation?
Scientists
How did railroads transform the American economy?
Created a new white color middle class of managers
Which of the following statements regarding Jane Addams' activism are true?
Created an influential settlement home in Chicago
As President Theodore Roosevelt transformed the American navy by emphasizing which ofthe following strategies?
Creating battleships and a "blue water" navy that would win battles against rivalFleets
Army General John "Black Jack" Pershing used all of the following technologies in his attempt to capture Pancho Villa EXCEPT
Destroyers
Women participated in the global influence of the United States in many ways, including asall of the following EXCEPT
Diplomats
What was the result of the King-Crane Commission?
Discovery that most inhabitants of the Middle East favored an independent state free of European control
How did southern reformers seek to combat corruption?
Disenfranchising black voters
What did the United States demand from the Comanche leading to the Red River War?
The United States demanded that the Comanche settle on government reservations
Greece and Turkey were early flashpoints in the Cold War. How did the United States respond to unrest in Greece and Turkey in 1947?
The United States sent $400 million to both nations to be used in resisting communism
What most directly explains the boost in production of McCormick reapers?
The adoption of interchangeable parts
The political machine in New York City was run by?
William Tweed
Which group accounted for 90% of household expenditures in 1920s homes?
Women
After World War II, most American men set their sights on
a white-collar job.
What primarily drew immigrants to the United States in the late 19th century?
jobs
The White Citizens' Council formed in response to
the Brown decision.
The Department of Homeland Security was a consolidation of ____________________ federal agencies, charged with responding to terrorism, man-made accidents, and natural disasters.
twenty-two
How may nuclear bombs were dropped on Japan before the Japanese surrendered?
two
After learning of the Brown decision, Eisenhower
was disappointed as he wanted the process of granting civil rights to advance more gradually.
Which of the following was not included in the G. I. Bill?
ten years of medical insurance coverage
Prior to serving as U.S. president, Ronald Reagan had been
the governor of California.
The most important factor for America's post-war prosperity was
the rapid and sustained growth of consumer spending.
The Manhattan Project was
the top-secret venture to build an atomic bomb.
While the Interstate Highway Act improved the safety and efficiency of automobile travel, Eisenhower's main concern was
troop movements and evacuations in the case of a nuclear attack.
According to Betty Friedan, the feminine mystique was
women's ability to balance work and family life.
John Galbraith's The Affluent Society addressed the issue of
the advertising industry creating unnecessary consumerism.
What was the "Nixon Doctrine?"
A military policy of détente
What was the purpose of NATO?
A mutual defense pact between the U.S. and Canada
Warren G. Harding won office by campaigning on which theme
A return to normalcy
Marcus Garvey created a movement encouraging black Americans to migrate to Africa. To do this he created which of the following:
A shipping company called the Black Star Line
What is the definition of Herbert Hoover's "Associationalism?"
A system where businesses would voluntarily limit harmful business practices for the greater economic good
What did the Civil Rights Act of 1957 accomplish?
Created a Civil Rights Commission in the Department of Justice to investigate claims of racial discrimination
All Progressives agreed on what needed to be fixed and how to fix it.
False
Who first advocated the policy of containment?
George Kennan
Who wrote the Long Telegram?
George Kennan
The Treaty of Versailles blamed which country for WWI?
Germany
How was the transcontinental railroad funded?
Grants and loans from the federal government
What did Lyndon Johnson call his domestic program?
Great Society
What publication called the Space Race a "race for survival"?
The New York Times
Why did the Russian army disintegrate?
The Russian Revolution distracted military leaders from the war with Germany
The Albany Movement, centered in Albany, Georgia, drew on Christian commitments to social justice and united all of the following Civil Rights groups EXCEPT
The Southern Baptist Convention
The process of redlining designated areas of cities (of predominantly minority populations) where banks would not provide home and business loans.
True
Violent anti-war protests erupted at Kent State and Jackson State College after the news media reported that American troops had invaded Cambodia.
True
While the Vietnam War was an all-out war, it was also undeclared.
True
Women were prominent in the Progressive Movement?
True
The Los Angeles riots that took place in 1992 were in response to the acquittal of the four officers who beat Rodney King.
True
The process of Vietnamization involved shifting fighting in the Vietnam War from Americans to the Southern Vietnamese.
True
President Johnson proposed the Voting Rights Act of 1965 partially in response to what event in Selma, Alabama
"Bloody Sunday," the beating of peaceful marchers by police officers
The laws enforcing segregation in the south in the late 19th century were known as?
"Jim Crow"
Approximately what percent of early rodeo contestants were women?
10%
What percent of Americans were investing in the stock market prior to the crash?
10%
What percent of married women worked outside of the home in the 1920s?
10%
How many people died in total as a result of Nazi atrocities?
11 Million
When did the United States begin trading with China?
1784
What was the top tax rate during World War II?
94%
What was the Zimmerman Telegram?
A German offer to help Mexico recover land lost in the Mexican-American War if Mexico would side with Germany in WWI if the US entered the war against Germany.
What was the message of NSC-68?
A call for a tripling of the annual defense budget for the purpose of stopping communism
What was the Open Door Policy?
A call for all western powers to have equal access to Chinese markets
What was the Bonus Army?
A group of World War I veterans who petitioned the government to make an early payment on bonuses scheduled to be released in 1945
Which of the following is true about suburbanization?
ALL of above
All of the following statements regarding the National Women's Party are true EXCEPT
Advocated violent resistance to sexism
The Taliban was the regime that ruled
Afghanistan.
What was the most important aspect of the southern economy in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries?
Agriculture
Roosevelt tried to create relief for American farmers through the Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA). What did the AAA do?
Aimed to raise the prices of agricultural commodities by offering cash incentives to voluntarily limit farm production, thereby increasing prices
All of the following were candidates in the 1912 presidential election EXCEPT
Al Smith
One of the intellectual leaders of the Harlem Rennaissance wrote that "we are achieving something like a spiritual emancipation." Who was this intellectual?
Alain Locke
The postwar ideal of domesticity meant that women were responsible for
All of above
Advertisers in the 1960s innovated by beginning to emphasize which of the following traits as a means of selling products?
All of the above
The Paiute prophet Wovoka promised that which of the following would occur if Indians obeyed his instructions and participated in the ceremony that came to be called the Ghost Dance
All of the above
The Religious Right built a powerful coalition that united conservative evangelicals with what other influential voting group?
All of the above
What caused the Cuban Missile Crisis?
All of the above
What did the Populists propose in the Omaha Platform?
All of the above
What tactics were used to disenfranchise black voters?
All of the above
What was the purpose of the Marshall Plan?
All of the above
What was the result of Brown v. Board of Education?
All of the above
Which of the following advantages did the Soviet Union achieve during the Cold War?
All of the above
Which of the following enabled the rising purchase of consumer goods?
All of the above
Which of the following most accurately describes religious commitment during the early Cold War years?
All of the above
Which of the following statements are true regarding Soong May-ling, known to the public as Madame Chiang?
All of the above
By 1913, the United States produced one-third of the world's industrial output. This wasmore than __________.
All of the above combined.
The Socialist Party of America achieved which of the following gains in the early twentieth century?
All of the above.
Which of the following was considered a problem of the Gilded Age?
All of the above.
What was Frederick Jackson Turner's "Frontier Thesis?"
American culture was forged by the struggle between civilized settlers and savage frontier life, giving it a democratic and hardworking spirit
Why did the League of Nations fail?
American refusal to join
What was the first military action taken by the United States against international communism?
American soldiers fought against the Red Army during the Russian civil war
All of the following events related to the Korean War are true EXCEPT
An armistice was never officially signed
What was FDR's "court-packing scheme"
An attempt to appoint up to six new justices who would be friendly to his interests
How did the first freedom ride end?
Angry mobs composed of KKK members attacked the riders in Birmingham, Alabama and burned one of the buses and beat the activists who escaped
Who compared the red scare with the Salem Witch Trials?
Arthur Miller
What was the particular spark that ignited World War I?
Assassination of Archduke Ferdinand and Grand Duchess Sophie
Who advocated racial accomodationism?
Booker T. Washington
How did President Eisenhower attempt to prevent a Soviet Attack on the United States
By promising "massive retaliation" and appealing to the logic of "mutually-assured destruction"
The 1968 Democratic National Convention included massive protests and violent reprisals by police. Where did this convention meet?
Chicago
Which city served as the most important railroad hub, connecting the East and the West?
Chicago
Which ethnic group faces the most rigid immigration restrictions?
Chinese
The Board of Indian Commissioners
Christianized American Indian Policy
Quanah Parker was a ___________ leader.
Comanche
Women served in the armed forces during World War I. They served in all of the following positions EXCEPT
Commissioned Officers
Hitler and Mussolini helped to topple which government in Spain?
Communists
The cornerstone of Lyndon Johnson's War on Poverty was which program?
Community Action
Upon assuming office, how did Roosevelt respond to the collapsing bank system?
Declared a bank holiday and then pushed through the Emergency Banking Act
How did the Roosevelt Corollary modify the Monroe Doctrine?
Declaring that the U.S. had the right to preemptive action through intervention inany Latin American nation to correct administrative and fiscal deficiencies
Louisiana Senator Huey long criticized Roosevelt's New Deal programs for _____________
Failing to redistribute wealth.
What was the subject of Rachel Carson's book Silent Spring?
Environmental dangers of pesticides
What theme dominated American popular entertainment in the 1920s?
Escape
The Marshall Plan sought to restore the economies of
Europe
Which of the following issues most concerned American diplomats prior to World War I?
Expanding transatlantic trade
How did increased availability of consumer credit in the 1920s influence American expenditures?
Expenditures increased
Louisiana Senator Huey long criticized Roosevelt's New Deal programs for ____________
Failing to redistribute wealth
The environmental catastrophe of the Great Depression was partly the result of agricultural mismanagement. Which of the following was the most consequential example of this mismanagement?
Farmers plowed up natural ground cover to grow more crops, cover that had taken ages to form in the relatively dry sates of the Plains
Betty Friedan's Feminine Mystique focused on what primary issue
Feelings of dissatisfaction with life as a housewife
The Homestead Act granted official title to160 acre plots of land after how many years of settlement?
Five years
Immigrant Americans tended to vote for which political party?
Immigrant voters were nearly equally divided in their party allegiance
All of the following aspects of the Tax Reform Act of 1986 are true EXCEPT:
Increased federal revenues
Taylorism attempted to use scientific principles to better handle which aspect of business?
Industrial population
What disease proved most deadly during and in the immediate aftermath of World War I?
Influenza
What was the consequence of the Smoot-Hawley Tariff of 1930?
International Trade Collapsed
Which of the following definition best describes the work of muckrakers?
Investigative Journalists
Which of the following writers most effectively used photography in their work?
Jacob Riis
Which of the following environmental thinkers advocated preservation rather than conservation?
John Miur
Which person claimed to have a list of communists who were shaping American policy?
Joseph McCarthy
Which of the following groups was the most radical?
Knights of Labor
Which war is known as the Forgotten War?
Korean War
President ____________ requested a declaration of war against Spain.
McKinley
Which of the following factors contributed to William McKinley's victory over William Jennings Bryan in the 1896 election?
McKinley was able to spend five times more than Bryan on the campaign
Joseph McCarthy first achieved national prominence in February 1950 by waving a piece of paper that he claimed included 205 communists currently working in what capacity?
Members of the Department of State
Which of the following describes the place of the labor movement during the 1920s?
Membership declined
In the mid-1960s, the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) experienced a transformation. This transformation included all of the following EXCEPT
Merging with the Black Panther Party
Which religious group fled west out of the United States and into Mexico?
Mormans
What does MAD stand for?
Mutually Assured Destruction
A vibrant homosexual culture developed during the 1920s in which American city?
New York
During the nineteenth century, American interests in the Middle East revolved around all ofthe following EXCEPT
Oil
The Teapot Dome Scandal sent several prominent members of the Harding administration to jail. The scandal involved the leasing of government land to what group?
Oil Companies
How did the United States respond to the Bolshevik Revolution?
Opposed the Revolution and sent American troops, who remained in Russia until 1920
How did President Lincoln respond to the Sioux Uprising
Ordered the execution of 303 by hanging
The Civil Rights Act of 1968 focused on what primary issue
Outlawing discrimination in housing
How did the Federal Reserve respond to the financial collapse?
Overcorrected by raising interest rates and tightening credit
Who was the leader of the movement to stop the Equal Rights Amendment?
Phylis Schlafly
Britain and France declared war on Germany after which invasion?
Poland
Which ethnic group was most numerous among the Catholic bishops in the United States?
Polish
How did the United States respond to the Boxer Rebellion in China?
President McKinley sent the U.S. Army into China without consulting congress
What did the Works Progress Administration do?
Put unemployed men and women to work on projects designed and proposed by local governments
Why were southerners unable to maintain unity in the People's Party?
Racial Conflict
What was the Red Summer of 1919?
Racial violence in twenty-five American cities
Which group received more land from the government?
Railroad companies
What economic opportunity drew the most migrants to the West?
Railroad work
Roe v. Wade, the court case that legalized abortion hinged on what legal idea?
Right of privacy
What legal principle was enshrined by the Supreme Court case Plessy v. Ferguson?
Separate but equal
Which group founded the People's Party (also known as the Populists)?
Small farmers in the South, Midwest, and Great Plains
By 1890 the majority of immigrants to Chicago came from
Southern and Eastern Europe
Which group of Americans benefitted the least from the economic changes of the 1920s?
Southern farmers
Which Allied nation was the first to reach Berlin?
Soviet Union
Which of the following best characterized German military tactics
Speed and maneuverability
What was the purpose of the Dawes General Allotment Act?
Splintered vast Native American reservations into individual family homesteads
Which of the following most accurately describes the arguments of Social Darwinism?
State welfare and private charity would lead to degeneration by perpetuating the survival of the weak
Who organized the first sit-ins?
Students
What economic activity most united Brazil and the United States in the early nineteenth century?
Sugar trade
Which of the following nations were not a part of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)?
Sweden
What explains the popularity of Wild West shows?
Tapped into anxieties about men losing their masculinity in the "softer" world of factory and office work
Why did the United States fail to help more of the decolonization independence movements during the 1940s - 1970s?
The Cold War alliance with Western Europe led the United States to support many colonial powers
Fundamentalist Christianity coalesced around a series of ideas best articulated in a pamphlet commissioned by oil barons Lyman and Milton Stewart. What is the name of this pamphlet?
The Fundamentals
What was the result of the Kaiserschlacht?
The Germans launched five failed major attacks
What was the most dramatic result of the 1938 Fair Labor Standards Act?
The creation of a national minimum wage
The Dakota Uprising of 1862 began with what event?
The death of five white settlers at the hands of four young Santee men
What was the "tainted money debate?"
The decision whether the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions would accept a large donation by John D. Rockefeller
Which of the following best describes the Social Gospel?
The goal of saving society as well as souls
What prompted President Roosevelt to pass Executive Order 8802?
The planned march on Washington led by A. Philip Randolph
Which of the following resulted from American commitments to free trade?
The relocation of American manufacturing overseas
Catholic clergymen who took up the name "Americanists" believed in all of the following EXCEPT
The separation of church and state would benefit Catholicism
After the Victory in Europe, the United States suffered a setback in the Pacific. What was that setback?
The surrender of American forces in the Philippines
All of the following statements regarding the boosters of the New South are true EXCEPT
They were exclusively white and sought to maintain the racial status quo
All of the following statements regarding the Guano Islands Act of 1856 are true EXCEPT
This legislation put Guano Islands on a path to statehood that later was rejected
What was the purpose of Western cattle drives?
To bring cattle to eastern markets, mostly through railroad hubs
What event convinced many Americans that reform was necessary?
Triangle Shirtwaist Fire
After World War II, the United States entered a period of prosperity, consumer spending and high employment.
True
During his presidency, a large federal budget had forced George H.W. Bush to break his no-tax pledge.
True
In the presidential election of the year 2000, Al Gore won a majority of the popular vote.
True
Medicare and Medicaid were passed as part of Lyndon Johnson's Great Society program.
True
Students for a Democratic Society constituted what is referred to as the New Left.
True
The 1950s saw the development of a commercial culture centered on the health and happiness of children.
True
The Lavender Scare was a facet of the Red Scare that targeted homosexuals.
True
The No Child Left Behind Education Reform Act instituted new performance and testing standards for public schools.
True
The US invaded Mexico under President Wilson.
True
The Warsaw Pact was the Soviet response to NATO.
True
The main U.S.-Soviet conflict in the months after World War II involved the political status of Eastern Europe and occupied Germany.
True
The post-World War II era saw the resurgence of the Republican Party.
True
The Triple Entente united all of the following nations EXCEPT.
United States
A wave of mergers peaked between 1897 and 1904. The largest of these mergers created thefirst billion dollar American corporation. What was that corporation?
United States Steel
Why did so many die in the Triangle Shirtwaist Factory fire?
Unsafe working conditions
The presidential election of 1984 convinced the Democratic Party that its future lied with what group?
Upwardly mobile professionals and suburbanites
Who is credited for popularizing the term the "Cold War"?
Walter Lippman
W. E. B. Du Bois, founder the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, broke with his former mentor Booker T. Washington because, Du Bois believed that Washington _______.
Was not bold enough.
At the turn of the century, the percentage of immigrants from which region decreased inrelation to other regions?
Western Europe
The Jungle was written about the
steel
Kamikaze refers to
suicide attacks made by Japanese aviators on Allied naval vessels.
Movies like Saturday Night Fever showcased
the desire to escape a life of low-wage, dead-end work.
The first industry to concentrate capital on an immense scale was
the railroad
The first televised presidential debate was for the election of _________________.
1960.
The Berlin Wall fell on November 9,
1989.
Deregulation affected which of the following industries?
All of these are correct.
Postwar optimism about child rearing came from
All of these are correct.
The Brown v. the Board of Education decision
All of these are correct.
The FHA
All of these are correct.
Which of the following is true about President Johnson and the Vietnam War?
All of these are correct.
Which of the following is true about the Iran-Contra affair?
All of these are correct.
which of the following embodied suburban culture?
All of these are correct.
Which of the following was not one of the reasons why Eisenhower intervened in Little Rock?
He wanted quick and swift action in favor of civil rights.
____________________ proved the most important single force in post-war recovery.
Real Estate
Which of the following is not true about the demands of the protestors in Tiananmen Square in April 1989?
They wanted social services for the poor?
H. Ross Perot was
a billionaire who ran as an independent candidate in the 1992 presidential election.
The Little Rock Nine were
a group of African American high school students chosen to be the first to integrate Central High School.
Obamacare was a program that initiated
a sweeping national health insurance program.
President Clinton's 1998 impeachment came after he committed perjury when testifying about
an extramarital affair.
The NAACP"S legal strategy involved
fighting discrimination through the courts.
The Carter Doctrine warned that _____________________ would be considered a threat to the United States and would be repelled.
foreign incursions into the Persian Gulf.
According to the principle of supply-side economics,
lower taxes inspire corporate investment and productivity, which helps the economy as a whole.
George Bush's 1988 campaign was characterized by
mud-slinging against Michael Dukakis, the Democratic candidate.
Which of the following was not a part of Newt Gingrich's Contract with America?
reforming the welfare system?
The genre of music that became the most popular among the youth of the 1950s was
rock n' roll.
