History and Geography Exam

You and your brother are arguing over which country is the world's largest. What tool should you use to settle the argument?

globe

People build roads to make travel easier =

human-environmental interaction

Power generated from water =

hydroelectric

Referring to plants or animals introduced to an area, which plants or animals threaten indigenous species =

invasive

A group that controls the government =

junta

My house is less than a mile from the park =

location

Landforms and water bodies =

physical

A transitional area between land and water systems that supports aquatic plants =

wetland

In what region is each state located? M—Midwest N—Northeast S—South W—West Alabama Iowa Maryland Michigan New Jersey New Mexico Vermont Washington

S M S M N W N W

In the 1990s, this country experienced an increase in immigration.

Russia

The term Balkanization found its roots in Eastern Europe. It has come to mean the ...

division of an area into smaller, usually hostile regions

Also known as savanna or prairie =

grassland

A land mass surrounded by water on three sides =

peninsula

A frozen layer of soil beneath the earth's surface =

permafrost

Countries near the equator have tropical climates =

place

Government systems =

political

A major urban area serving as the economic, political, and population center of a country =

primate city

People who leave their homeland seeking safety in a foreign country =

refugees

Cultural traditions in Australasia and Oceania remained largely unchanged until ...

the European discovery of the region

Which country has the highest population density?

the Netherlands

The ____________ climate of Oceania's islands make them a popular tourist destination.

tropical

Harshest of all ecosystems =

tundra

Evidence of the harmful results of tradewinds is most apparent on the _______________ islands

Windward

Power produced through the decomposition or burning of organic materials =

biomass energy

A small, low island of coral or sand =

cay

Average precipitation and temperature =

climate

Following the Russian Revolution, the Soviet Union adopted _______________, a system that __________________________________________________

communism, controlled nearly all the economic and political decisions

The use of leadership positions for personal gain =

corruption

Language, religion, customs =

cultural

The movement of people between places on a regular basis =

cyclical migration

The removal of salt from something =

desalinization

Hot or cold, dry areas =

desert

The scattering of a group of people outside of their homeland =

diaspora

Agreements creating free trade zones =

economic

An area where freshwater and salt water meet =

estuary

The forced removal of a group of individuals of common ancestry from an area =

ethnic cleansing

A process by which nutrients are dissolved in a body of water =

eutrophication

A government system in which power is shared between two levels =

federation

Covers one-third of the earth's land surface =

forest

Referring to the relationship of history, culture, and economics with a region's physical characteristics =

geopolitical

Power produced from heat inside the earth =

geothermal energy

The principal land mass of a continent or country =

mainland

Covers three-fourths of the earth's surface =

marine

Referring to something on or near an ocean or sea =

maritime

Movement from one place to another =

migration

government system in which power is shared between two levels

mountain ranges

The Mexican fruit fly threatens Florida orange groves =

movement

A town, city, or village that is generally run by a mayor or council =

municipality

Able to be used for travel by water =

navigable

What is sustainable development?

not using resources faster than they can be replenished by the environment

Movement from one's homeland to another country =

out-migration

Decomposed organic material that can be used for fuel and mulch =

peat

Honduras has a _______________ economy in which people produce goods for their own use.

traditional

Which European countries are landlocked?

- Austria - Switzerland

Which factors led to the mid-1800s' westward expansion in the United States?

- Homestead Act - population increase - gold discovery

What countries can be found in Europe?

- Lithuania - Slovenia - Luxembourg

What countries can be found south of the equator?

- Madagascar - New Zealand - Chile

What countries can be found in Africa?

- Nigeria - Liberia - Mali

The regions that make up the area known as Oceania are =

- Polynesia - Micronesia - Melanesia

The South American people revolted against the Iberian governments because of =

- economic restrictions - social injustice

Programs seeking to improve the health of North America's farmlands will likely focus on these areas.

- erosion - biodiversity - water pollution

To increase their understanding of North America's human geography, geographers focus on which factors?

- language - religion - ethnicity - customs

How have technological advances affected geography?

- news travels quicker - sushi can be found in most U.S. cities - more rapid spread of pandemic diseases - increased migration of people

In Mexico, urbanization has resulted in a number of problems, including =

- overpumping of groundwater - pollution

What are examples of physical processes?

- plate tectonics - weathering - erosion - Great Barrier reef

The economy of Australia is characterized by =

- prosperity - low unemployment

Programs to improve environmental health in Central America, South America, and the Caribbean will likely focus on which issues?

- water supply - habitat loss

What country would most likely have to deal with water shortages?

Australia

Select the statements that describe ways in which culture influences a region. 1. In some countries, girls are not allowed to attend school. 2. In many South American countries, people meet in the plaza. 3. In cities, people live in tall buildings. 4. In Hawaii, active volcanoes dot the landscape. 5. In Iran, you will find the world's largest saltwater lake—the Caspian Sea.

1, 2 and 3

Select all statements that describe MDCs. 1. economic focus on manufacturing 2. longer life expectancy 3. less access to health care 4. agrarian societies 5. better standard of living 6. lower educational levels

1, 2 and 5

Which of the statements below are true? 1. Plants produce food for ecosystems. 2. Predators help keep ecosystems healthy. 3. Insects are rarely important to the health of forest ecosystems. 4. People's activities have no measurable effect on ecosystems. 5. People's activities can improve the health of an ecosystem.

1, 2 and 5

Which of the items listed below describe how people are affected by the earth's physical features? 1. choice of clothing 2. hair styles 3. lifespan 4. employment 5. birth order 6. hobbies 7. method of transportation

1, 3, 4, 6 and 7

What are the three main factors that determine population growth?

1. birth 2. death 3. immigration

Select all practices that have been adopted by the EU to promote the economic prosperity of its members. 1. banning imports from non-member nation 2. sending tariffs among member nations 3. requiring all member nations to use the Euro 4. establishing tariffs on imports from non-member nations

2 and 4

What nation is not completely surrounded by water?

South Korea

The dominant language of South America is _____________

Spanish

Select the statements that describe the world's resources. 1. Resources are evenly distributed across the globe. 2. Water availability has highly influenced settlement patterns. 3. Energy production is the world's largest use of resources. 4. The use of nonrenewable resources causes less pollution than renewable resources. 5. MDCs use more of the world's resources than LDCs.

2, 3 and 5

Which of the items below describes a way that the physical environment affects people? Choose all that apply. 1. Maria, who lives in Juneau, Alaska, has an older brother and a younger sister. 2. Jocelyn, who lives in Boothbay Harbor, Maine, makes her living by selling lobsters to local restaurants. 3. Derrick, who lives near the Shenandoah Mountains, spends most weekends hiking. 4. Chad, who lives in the Kansas plains, is the youngest of five children. 5. Penelope, who lives in the San Juan Islands, seldom leaves her house without an umbrella.

2, 3 and 5

What effect did the dissolution of the Soviet Union have on the global community? 1. decreased European conflict 2. expanded the number of countries with command economies 3. affected Russia and the former Soviet republics only 4. changed European borders 5. altered political alliances 6. reduced the number of communist nations

4, 5 and 6

Look at the map below. Which state has the lowest elevation?

Delaware

Water separates all countries of Northern Europe from the rest of Europe except ____________

Denmark

What has fostered cooperation in Western Europe?

European Union

Why is the Madrid Protocol significant?

It protects Antarctica's environment.

Are the items listed below renewable or nonrenewable resources? N—nonrenewable resource R—renewable resource coal gold oxygen petroleum soil trees uranium

N N R N R R N

The first people to settle in New Zealand came from ____________

Polynesia

Select the country that is most troubled by each problem below. C—Canada G—Greenland M—Mexico U—United States aging population overfishing poverty biculturalism

U G M C

Which region has a higher level of economic development?

Western Europe

The Persian Gulf =

regions

Ireland's division into Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland was caused by =

religious conflict

A government system under which leaders are elected =

representative democracy

Western Central Europe is able to generate hydroelectricity because ...

rivers flow down its mountains

The development of higher than normal salt content in the soil =

salinization

A n independent nation under the military and/or financial control of another nation =

satellite country

Isolation from others =

seclusion

Power produced from the sun =

solar energy

An area between thirty and forty degrees latitude with temperatures above 32°F =

subtropical

A nation with the economic and political strength to influence global events =

superpower

Membership in a group that goes beyond national boundaries =

supranational

Referring to the meeting of current needs without reducing the ability to meet future needs =

sustainable

What benefits can countries gain by adopting the practices of the International Model Forest Program?

sustainable forest managment