History and Systems Test 3

The leaders of the _____ immediately supported the Nazi regime and proclaimed the "evil influence" of the Jews.

German Psychological Society

Who had a theory of tropisms?

Loeb

Thorndike's ideas about the stamping in or stamping out of a response tendency led to his statement of

the law of effect

For Hull, drive reduction is

the sole basis for reinforcement.

AN approach to learning termed ______ was developed by Thorndike.

Connectionism

What led Pavlov to shift from a study of theology to that of animal psychology?

Darwin's theory

Which of the following men devoted 10 years to the experimental investigation of hypnotic suggestibility?

Hull

This man at John Hopkins University hired Watson and one year later was forced to resign because of a scandal.

James Mark Baldwin

One part of the cerebral cortex is essentially equal to another in its contribution to learning; this is ______ principle of _______.

Lashely's; equipotentiality

Watson adopted the conditioned reflex method of research established by

Pavolv and Bekhterev.

For Watson, the mentalistic term thinking could be

Redefined as the behavior of subvocal talking Measured by its behavior correlates (gestures) Observed in measures of movements of the vocal apparatus ALL OF THE ABOVE

The author of The Behavior of Organisms was

Skinner.

This person claimed that his own life was "predetermined, lawful, and orderly" just as his system would predict.

Skinner.

The 'last stand' of mentalistic interpretations of animal behavior was the test _____ written by____.

The Animal Mind; Washburn

Which of the following statements best describes the change that took place in animal psychology following the work of Romanes and Morgan?

The field became more objective as mentalistic terms were dropped from the descriptions of behavior.

Who argued that consciousness, as a concept, was an unaprovable as the concept of the soul?

Watson

Gestalt psychology started as a movement opposed to

Wundt's approach.

Kohler argued that solving a problem requires

a restructuring of the perceptual field.

Bekhterev

applied Pavlovian principles to the muscles.

The use of positive reinforcement to control the behavior of individuals and groups is called

behavior modification.

For Loeb, if an animal's response is forced by a stimulus, the

behavior requires no inferences about consciousness.

According to Tolman's learning theory, as a rat learns all of the sign-Gestalt relationships in a maze, the rat has acquired a

cognitive map.

According to Lewin, life space

corresponds to all the events that can influence a person's behavior.

The Gestalt protest against Wundt's system focused on his

elementism.

Thorndike and Hull agreed that, in order for learning to occur, the organism must

experience reinforcement occurring after a response.

According to Watson, the three fundamental emotions displayed by infants were

fear rage, and love.

Animals tend to substitute instinctive behaviors for behaviors that have been reinforced. This tendency is called

instinctual drift.

Hull intended to express the laws of behavior in the language of

mathematics.

After his dismissal from Johns Hopkins, Watson

published for the American public through popular media.

Edward C. Tolman's system combining the objective study of behavior with the consideration of goal-orientation in behavior is called

purposive behaviorism.

The thrust of Gestalt psychology's attack on behaviorism focused on the latter's

reductionism.

Watson proposed that society as a whole could be improved by

replacing religion-based ethics.

Pavlov ________.

replicated Kohler's work, but found it to be chaotic.

Parents and employers must determine when and under what conditions children will be rewarded and employees will be paid. In both cases, they must select

schedules of reinforcement.

Watson argued that areas of applied psychology can be considered scientific because they

seek general laws for the prediction and control of behavior.

Watson's position on child rearing was

that of a strong environmentalist.

The importance of perceptual constancies in the Wundt versus Gestalt debate was that the experience supported

the Gestalt position that "completeness" of an experience is not altered when the actual sensory components of the experience are altered.

Thorndike's particular contribution to behaviorism was his focus on

the experimental method.

In Hull's system, habit strength is

the strength of the S-R connection.

The Gestalt psychologists initially chose to focus on perception

to challenge Wundtian psychology directly.

In the typical conditioning experiment done by Pavlov, the food placed in the dog's mouth is called the

unconditioned stimulus

Watson argued that consumer behavior was

under the control of fundamental or conditioned emotional stimulus.

Skinner's research was unique among that of the neobehaviorists in his

use of the single-subject deign, relative lack of a theoretical framework, concern with describing rater than explaining behavior, rejection of variables inside the organism ALL OF THE ABOVE

A type of reinforcement identified by Bandura is

vicarious.

Kohler argued that trial-and-error learning

was a consequence of not allowing the subject to see the whole situation.

Mary Cover Jones' study of Peter

was a forerunner of behavior therapy.

To the end of his life, Skinner questioned whether psychology could be a science if it

was a science of the mind.

Kohler's research on Tenerife

was analyzed based solely on his descriptions of incidents

Tolman's concept of cognitive maps, i.e., that the animal learns the "whole." might be traced to his work

with Koffka during graduate school.